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| | East Timor Alert: Stop Transmigration! (Human Rights Watch, 20-9-1999) |
 | | The transmigration minister is now saying that prior to the exodus in early September, his ministry prepared resettlement areas for 100,000 people, and that with the vastly greater numbers of people, the transmigration program must be speeded up (see "102 Orang Keluarga Gubernur Timtim Mengungsi," Republika, September 18, 1999). | | | Indonesia's highly controversial transmigration program, started under Indonesia's first president Sukarno and intensified under Soeharto, was initially conceived as a way of easing overcrowding on the densely populated islands of Java and Bali. | | | But after the forced expulsion beginning September 5 of tens of thousands of East Timorese by pro-Indonesia militias, the involvement of the transmigration ministry has taken on a much more sinister aspect. |
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http://www.hrw.org/press/1999/sep/trans0920.htm
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| | West Papua - Transmigration |
| | Transmigration is part of the Indonesian government's stated policy of assimilating indigenous people with the goal of forging a single national identity. | | | It is clear that a major consequence of Transmigration to West Papua is the large-scale displacement of the indigenous population from their traditional lands. | | | According to the Minister of Transmigration, "the surrender of land for the needs of transmigration is not accompanied by compensation (ganti rugi) but only by granting recognition, namely a certificate of recognition of right.... |
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http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/cline/papua/transmigration.htm
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| | CNN.com - Transmigration -- help or hindrance? - February 28, 2001 |
| | It was not until the 1970s, during Suharto's reign, that the transmigration program was launched in full force. | | | To solve the problem of overcrowding in some areas and to homogenize the population, former president Suharto launched an aggressive transmigration program. | | | Transmigration advocates say the program has benefited the destination areas. |
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http://archives.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/asiapcf/southeast/02/28/indonesia.transmigrasi
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| | NPR: Performance Today -- On the Transmigration of Souls |
| | NPR: Performance Today -- On the Transmigration of Souls | | | Adams' On the Transmigration of Souls received its premiere on September 19, 2002 at the opening of the NYPO's 2002-03 season. | | | In an interview with Fred Child, Adams reflects on Transmigration and on the post-9/11 controversy involving his opera The Death of Klinghoffer, based on the 1985 terrorist hijacking of the Italian cruise ship Achille Lauro. |
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http://www.npr.org/programs/pt/features/adams_pulitzer.html
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| | Depnakertrans |
| | The development program of new transmigration settlement is based on the regional aspiration undevinitively, because the evaluation of the criteria for the program of settlement preparation, movement and placement are still in processing, as well as people empowering in the transmigration program | | | Population movement through the transmigration program is a mobilization arrangement for developing of new transmigration settlement unit in 28 provinces. | | | Transmigration development, as an integral part of regional development is implementing the new transmigration settlement unit development that supporting the undeveloped rural growth and develops hinterland as well as the existing growth centers. |
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http://www.nakertrans.go.id/ENGLISHVERSION/trans_settlement.php
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| | PreventConflict.org - Background |
| | Indonesia's transmigration program (Transmigrasi), the world's largest resettlement project, was based on an earlier Dutch colonial policy that was reinstated during the Suharto regime. | | | Transmigration to Sumatra, the initial destination of the program, was ended in 1992 when settlement goals were achieved. | | | In December 2001, Indonesia's minister of manpower and transmigration, Jacob Nuwa Wea, announced that the government's transmigration program would be reformed, to prevent it from becoming a source of conflict between local people and settlers. |
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http://www.preventconflict.org/portal/main/background_transmigration.php
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| | AllRefer.com - Indonesia - Economic Benefits and the Transmigration Program Indonesian Information Resource |
| | The problems confronted by the government Transmigration Program included land disputes with the local population and environmental concerns over the suitability of land for settled agriculture (see Forestry, this ch.). | | | The most innovative and controversial government response to these conditions was an extensive Transmigration Program that financed the relocation of poor rural families from Java, Madura, and Bali to locations primarily on Sumatra, but also to Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Irian Jaya. | | | The demand for agricultural workers declined less dramatically than that in other nations during similar technological changes, even as the supply of agricultural labor in more densely populated areas was reduced by the central government's Transmigration Program (transmigrasi--see Glossary). |
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http://reference.allrefer.com/country-guide-study/indonesia/indonesia96.html
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| | Transmigration program - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Indonesia's transmigration program was the target of extensive opposition, particularly from indigenous populations in the regions where transmigrants settled. | | | In August 2000, after the Asian financial crisis and the fall of the Suharto government, the Indonesian government officially cancelled the large-scale transmigration program, funding no longer being available to underwrite it. | | | The stated purpose of the program, according to proponents in the Indonesian government and the development community, was to move millions of Indonesians from the densely populated inner islands (Java, Bali, Madura) to the outer, less densely populated islands to achieve a more balanced population density. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmigration_program
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| | Free Timor Press Release |
| | The transmigration minister is now saying that prior to the exodus in early September, his ministry prepared resettlement areas for 100,000 people, and that with the vastly greater numbers of people, the transmigration program must be speeded up (see "102 Orang Keluarga Gubernur Timtim Mengungsi," Republika, September 18, 1999). | | | Indonesia's highly controversial transmigration program, started under Indonesia's first president Sukarno and intensified under Soeharto, was initially conceived as a way of easing overcrowding on the densely populated islands of Java and Bali. | | | Transmigration Minister Hendropriyono is an army intelligence officer originally from the army special forces, Kopassus, who sees transmigration as a way of preserving the unity and security of Indonesia by encouraging intermixing of ethnic groups. |
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http://www.labyrinth.net.au/~ftimor/prdoc16.html
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| | mon9010.html |
| | DESPITE OBJECTIONS by human rights and environmental organizations, the Indonesian government and the international lending community defend and continue the controversial transmigration program which moves poor farming families from the crowded islands of Java, Bali and Madura to less densely populated islands of the archipelago. | | | Transmigrants are lectured about the scarcity of land in Java and Bali as a justification for transmigration, while big business interests with ties to the Suharto family announce plans for luxury tourist resorts, golf courses, industrial estates and chemical complexes. | | | A plan to save money by encouraging transmigrants to pay their way to the site (370,000 of the current 550,000 families target is for these so-called "spontaneous" transmigrants) was introduced and the program was directed away from the original food crop model to state-run or private plantations and processing projects for export. |
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http://multinationalmonitor.org/hyper/issues/1990/10/mon9010.html
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| | Transmigration’s Ebb and Flow |
| | Both the growth of transmigration and its decline are the result of economic factors outside the transmigration program. | | | While there is no doubt that transmigration was alleviating population pressures on Java and providing jobs, the more effective, long-term solution to excess population lay in the family planning program, already enjoying phenomenal success, and in the new jobs being created by the more rapid industrialization that accompanied economic reform. | | | The drop in revenue all but halted the transmigration program in 1987, producing a period of internal examination that helped accelerate changes already taking place in the plan’s philosophy and goals. |
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http://www.indonesianembassy.org.uk/transmigration-10.htm
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| | Transmigration in Indonesia |
| | Between 1903 and 1990, the Transmigration Program resettled more than 3.6 million people at government expense in the outer islands, where they received houses, land for farming, and a subsistence and production package during their early settlement years. | | | Indonesia's Transmigration Program, one of the largest resettlement programs in the world, has been much criticized. | | | Transmigration 1 and 3 succeeded largely because their development approach was based on treecrops. |
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http://wbln0018.worldbank.org/oed/oeddoclib.nsf/4e0750259652bf5885256808006a000d/4b8b0e01445d8351852567f5005d87b8?OpenDocument
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| | Transmigration Policy |
| | Siswono said the focus of the transmigration program would stillbe agrobusiness and agroindustry development which was the comparative advantage of the country and main activity of most of the people. | | | Transmigration Minister Siswono Yudohusodo said all such regions or islands would be included in the list of resettlement locations under the government's transmigration program. | | | He said the transmigration program had to be done to promote the welfare of the transmigrants, regional development and national unity. |
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http://www.irja.org/politics/trans2.htm
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| | Toward a More Balanced Development |
| | Since the voluntary transmigration program began in 1950, it has become a major element in the nation’s transformation from an underdeveloped assemblage of thousands of tropical islands into a modern nation and a model for development throughout the less-developed world. | | | In its most basic form, the transmigration program recruits poor, landless, underemployed families from Java and the adjacent, smaller islands of Bali and Madura - the most densely populated area of the world - and provides them with land and housing on underpopulated and underdeveloped islands elsewhere in the Indonesian archipelago. | | | Transmigration to Sumatra, the island immediately west of Java and the first destination for transmigrants, was discontinued in 1992 when settlement goals were achieved. |
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http://www.indonesia.com.mm/transmigration-2.htm
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| | Nat' Academies Press, Sustainable Agriculture and the Environment in the Humid Tropics (1993) |
| | Shifting cultivators and local participants of the resettlement program are integrated into the overall transmigration program through the Allocation Scheme for people living in transmigration areas. | | | The program's main activity is to provide credit to farmers to improve the quality of their smallholder plantations. | | | As participants of the program, they are given 2 ha of tree crop land and 0.5 to 1 ha for a house lot and home garden. |
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http://www.nap.edu/books/0309047498/html/426.html
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| | PROGRAMS TO INCREASE LIVESTOCK NUMBERS |
| | [15] The transmigration program is a key part of the government’s agricultural development program. | | | The program failed in the opinion of Kristanto because it did not recognize that farmers keep cattle as a store of wealth and as a source of draft power. | | | The feeder cattle program involves placing imported cattle on feedlots, which could be as small as three head or large capital intensive operations. |
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http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/004/AB986E/ab986e0p.htm
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| | Policy8.doc |
| | The ef fects of transmigration program, mainly, found in western Seram island (Waihatu), southern (Kairatu), and northern (Pasahari) and the regions closed to urban areas. | | | Transmigration program, for instance, has reduced the land for farming. | | | The government efforts could be grouped i nto two parts, these are: the activities, which are directly, deal with the swidden farmers, including resettlement of farmers and agriculture extension; and indirect programs such as transmigration, reforestation and the development of large-scale estate s. |
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http://demography.anu.edu.au/EIP/Policy8.doc
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| | merdeka.txt |
| | The government lists 7 goals for its Transmigration program: to promote national unity, national security, an equal distribution of the population, national development, the preservation of nature, help to the farming classes, and improvement of the condition of local peoples (Survival International Bulletin, March 2, 1985). | | | TRANSMIGRATION Transmigration is the name of Indonesia's ambitious project to resettle millions of people from the crowded Inner Islands of Java, Madura, Lombok and Bali, to the more sparsely populated Outer Islands. | | | Transmigration, militarization, human right violations and the exodus of refugees: these are all signs of the lack of legitimacy of the Indonesian authorities among the West Papuan people. |
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http://www.halcyon.com/pub/FWDP/Oceania/merdeka.txt
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| | The World Today |
| | The one counter to the transmigration program is the UNHCR -- the United Nations Refugee Agency. | | | There's also confirmation that the Indonesian Government has started a sinister transmigration program, forcibly shipping many of the survivors of the last three bloody weeks to far-flung parts of the archipelago, from where they'll have little chance of return to a homeland in independent East Timor. | | | The World Today is a comprehensive current affairs program which backgrounds, analyses, interprets and encourages debate on events and issues of interest and importance to all Australians. |
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http://www.abc.net.au/worldtoday/indexes/1999/twt_archive_1999_Thursday23September1999.htm
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| | SUARAM |
| | Under the refugee resettlement program, refugees are given one kilogram of rice and Rp 500 per person per day, and Rp 8 million per family to go back home, while under the transmigration program, transmigrants are paid their transportation costs, and are given | | | Director General for Population Mobility at the Ministry of Manpower and Transmigration, Dyah Paramawartiningsih, said here on Friday that there were still 8,000 transmigrants who had left their settlement areas in Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Maluku and Papua because of the recent ethnic and sectarian conflicts in these regions. | | | Since 1999, the Ministry of Manpower and Transmigration, in cooperation with local and foreign non-governmental organizations, has resettled one million refugees who were displaced by ethnic and sectarian conflicts in the regions, including Aceh and West Timor. |
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http://www.suaram.org/update/news_20030823.htm
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| | 040722_achehnesedelegationpaper.htm |
| | He said: ‘Transmigration is a program that cannot be separated from the national security and defense consideration. | | | This reduction in extent and numbers was compounded by Indonesia’s colonial policies, as manifested in its transmigration program. | | | An Indonesian Minister of Transmigration, Martono, said in 1986 that: “With transmigration we are implementing what we have promised: to gather and to unite the entire ethnics into a single people, the people of Indonesia. |
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http://www.asnlf.com/asnlf_int/news/040722_achehnesedelegationpaper.htm
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| | The Jakarta Post - The Journal of Indonesia Today |
| | Transmigration, a program that promotes public welfare, has come back into the spotlight. | | | The poverty suffered by the 3,500 transmigrant families is a direct result of the government's failure to grant them legal rights as required by the law on transmigration, therefore, the government should be held accountable for their misery. | | | This is important because often the new transmigrants are driven away by locals who feel they have not yet received proper compensation for the land acquired by the government for the transmigration. |
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http://www.thejakartapost.com/yesterdaydetail.asp?fileid=20021109.F04
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| | Ethnology: Nationalism in Indonesia: building imagined and intentional communities through transmigration.@ HighBeam Research |
| | This article introduces the history of the Indonesian program and the place of Sulawesi transmigration settlements in nation-building. | | | Since its earliest days, the Indonesian transmigration program has established,... | | | Ethnology; 3/22/2003; Hoey, Brian A. Transmigration settlements are planned according to Indonesian government priorities, which intend them to help build an imagined community, a unified nation. |
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http://www.highbeam.com/library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:106227299&refid=holomed_1
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| | The denial of traditional land rights in West Papua |
| | While transmigration levels have never approached planning objectives, a more successful byproduct of investment in the plantation industries and capital works associated with the transmigration program has been a massive increase in the numbers of "voluntary" or "economic" immigrants from other parts of eastern Indonesia, such as the Moluccas and Sulawesi. | | | From 1985, the government initiated a program of transmigration to the Timika area, establishing a series of large settlements whose non-Papuan residents would supply the mine's various contractors with labor. | | | In the context of this general skepticism about the prospects of successfully pursuing their grievances through the courts, many West Papuan communities have opted instead for more immediate forms of agreement with government agencies and companies, however exploitative these might be. |
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http://www.minesandcommunities.org/Company/freeport6.htm
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| | Indonesia Forestry - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, Political System |
| | Gillis argued that the most immediate threat to Indonesia's forests was the government promotion of domestic timber processing, whereas the Transmigration Program was the greatest long-term threat. | | | In a critical evaluation of Indonesian forestry policy, economist Malcolm Gillis argued that deforestation could not be blamed on a single major factor but was instead due to a complicated interplay among commercial logging, Transmigration Program activities, and shifting or swidden cultivation, still practiced largely on Kalimantan. | | | Ownership could be temporarily reassigned in the form of timber concessions, known as Forest Exploitation Rights (Hak Pengusahaan Hutan), or permanently transferred, as in the case of land titles granted to transmigration families. |
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http://www.photius.com/countries/indonesia/economy/indonesia_economy_forestry.html
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| | VITA |
| | "The Transmigration Program in Indonesian National Development Strategy: Current Status and Future Requirements", HabitatInternational, Vol.13, No.3 (1989), 81-95. | | | "Evaluating Public Investment Decisions: The Experience of the RuralWorks Program and Feeder Roads in | | | National Science Foundation, Division of International Programs, East Asia and the Pacific Program, Collaboration in GIS Theory and Application Developments with the NCGIA, UCSB and Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Centre for Information Technology and GIS, 1999-2000 (Supplement to SBR-9655664), (with Francis Harvey). |
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http://www.uky.edu/ArtsSciences/Geography/dept/leinbachcv.html
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| | West Papua News - The Newsletter of West Papua Action - No. 2 February 1997. |
| | The Transmigration program [ see below ] has also been responsible for the destruction of over 900, 000 ha of rainforest and this destruction will continue as more land is cleared for settlements and agriculture. | | | Human rights monitors criticize the Governments transmigration program for violating the rights of indigenous people..... | | | Under this national program of population resettlement, the province of West Papua is now the largest recipient of migrants transported from other islands such as Java, Bali and Sulawesi. |
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http://westpapuaaction.buz.org/newsletter/no2.htm
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| | Ex-E Timorese Refugees Deserve Job Opportunities Abroad |
| | Hendrikus disclosed that some of the ex-East Timorese refugees were ready to join the transmigration program while others stayed in Belu due to financial problem. | | | Thus, he said, efforts to empower ex-East Timorese refugees could be made through a program on sending workers abroad besides programs on relocation, transmigration and repatriation. | | | "The number of ex-East Timorese refugees who are taking part in the program on the sending of workers abroad is limited as they are required to pay a certain amount of money for administrative matters," he said. |
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http://www.etan.org/et2003/august/24-31/27exet.htm
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