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| | Thomas Hobbes |
 | | With regard to religion Hobbes was firmly of the view that there should be one state religion and that the head of state should also be the head of Church: anything else would lead to faction and potentially to civil war of the kind so recently seen in England. | | | But Hobbes also allowed that what a person believed in his heart was not open to public scrutiny and it was only the public aspects of religion on which the state could exercise authority. | | | It is not that Hobbes has nothing to say about religion, for at least half of Leviathan is concerned with it, but that his argument does not presuppose any of the common Christian assumptions that almost all earlier political thinkers took over from their culture. |
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http://www.thoemmes.com/encyclopedia/hobbes.htm
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| | Human Intelligence: Thomas Hobbes |
| | Hobbes asserted that there is a difference between knowledge and faith, which resulted in charges of atheistic tendencies. | | | Hobbes rejected supernaturalistic beliefs and utilized the materialistic explanation of mechanistic principles to explain all phenomena. | | | He believed that humans are fearful and predatory, and must submit completely to the supremacy of the state in both secular and religious concerns. |
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http://www.indiana.edu/~intell/hobbes.shtml
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| | Thomas Hobbes |
| | Hobbes says that a person who refuses to accept these primary propositions is in the position of refusing to be taught (Leviathan, E.W. III, p.73f). | | | Yet on the other hand they are to be expounded and the people must come to know and understand "the grounds and reasons of these his essential rights". | | | One way in which obedience to the Sovereign can be attained, according to Hobbes, is by education (Marshall, 1980). |
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http://www.vusst.hr/ENCYCLOPAEDIA/hobbes.htm
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| | Quodlibet Online Journal: The Physical Philosophy of Thomas Hobbes |
| | Hobbes does believe that God will intervene in history at the end of time, but all restorations will be corporeal. | | | Thus Hobbes can vehemently attack ecclesiaistico-theological claims to authority while at the same time profess the doctrines of the Church of England (which under Elizabeth's High Commission subscribed to the decrees of the first four councils of the early church). | | | God's Word (Scripture) must be understood to refer to both words spoken by God and about God, that is, the Doctrine of Religion. |
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http://www.quodlibet.net/hobbes.shtml
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| | Life of Thomas Hobbes |
| | Hobbes later considered it a sign that he was born under: the burden of fear and the consequent passion for peace. | | | Hobbes own works began to draw interest on the continent, especially De cive—which accorded monarchy absolute rights over the peace of the land, including even over issues of a religious nature. | | | In justifying this utilitarian approach to state-building, he used "natural" theory or logic rather than scripture or tradition, putting forth the first efforts to establish a modern "political science." (His arguments were not greeted warmly by the English monarchy, which found "divine rights" as the foundation of its power much more to its liking!) |
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http://www.luminarium.org/sevenlit/hobbes/hobbesbio.htm
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| | As to his father's ignorance and clownery, it was as good metal in the ore, which wants excoriating and refining. | | | But seven or eight days after, his whole right side was taken with the dead palsy, and at the same time he was made speechless. | | | Memorandum: he told me that Bishop Manwaring (of St David's) preached his doctrine: for which, among others, he was sent prisoner to the Tower. |
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http://socserv2.socsci.mcmaster.ca/~econ/ugcm/3ll3/hobbes/life
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| | Hobbes's Moral and Political Philosophy |
| | They are curious about the causes of events, and anxious about their futures; according to Hobbes, these characteristics incline people to adopt religious beliefs, although the content of those beliefs will differ depending upon the sort of religious education one has happened to receive. | | | They tell us to seek peace with willing others by laying down part of our “right to all things”, by mutually covenanting to submit to the authority of a sovereign, and further direct us to keep that covenant establishing sovereignty. | | | Conflict will be further fueled by disagreement in religious views, in moral judgments, and over matters as mundane as what goods one actually needs, and what respect one properly merits. |
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http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/hobbes-moral
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| | Economics 3LL3 - Hobbes |
| | Hobbes examined, in a feigned conference beteen him and a student in divinity. | | | Eachard, T.B and T. The grounds and occasions of the contempt of the clergy and religion enquired into, in a letter to R.L. with observations on the answer thereto, in a letter to the same. | | | Coke, 1660, Justice vindicated from the false fucus put upon it by Thos. |
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http://socserv.socsci.mcmaster.ca/~econ/ugcm/3ll3/hobbes
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| | Thomas Hobbes -- Moral and Politcal Philosophy [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy] |
| | Nonetheless, we still live in the world that Hobbes addressed head on: a world where human authority is something that requires justification, and is automatically accepted by few; a world where social and political inequality also appears questionable; and a world where religious authority faces significant dispute. | | | Always in his mind is the Civil War that arose when Parliament claimed the right to judge rules of taxation, and thereby prevented the King from ruling and making war as he saw fit, and when churches and religious sects claimed prerogatives that went against the King's decisions. | | | Not least, much judgment is concerned with what we should do now, that is, with future events, "the future being but a fiction of the mind" (Leviathan, iii.7) and therefore not reliably known to us. |
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http://www.iep.utm.edu/h/hobmoral.htm
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| | Thomas Hobbes |
| | Hobbes rejects Cartesian dualism and believes in the mortality of the soul. | | | His premature birth was hastened by his mother's fear upon hearing of the approach of the Spanish Armada. | | | His father was vicar of Westport but fled to London after being involved in a brawl outside his own church, leaving Thomas to be raised by a wealthy uncle. |
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http://oregonstate.edu/instruct/phl302/philosophers/hobbes.html
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| | The Philosophy of Thomas Hobbes |
| | Hobbes does not deny the existence of God, but he is decidedly opposed to any positive revealed religion, including Christianity. | | | Of the two Cartesian substances, Hobbes accepts extended material substance and denies the spiritual; or, rather, he makes the spiritual substance a derivative of material substance. | | | It was Mersenne who induced Hobbes to write his critical observations on the Meditations of Descartes. |
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http://radicalacademy.com/philfthomashobbes.htm
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| | Thomas Hobbes - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | On October 17 it was ordered that the committee to which the bill was referred "should be empowered to receive information touching such books as tend to atheism, blasphemy and profaneness... | | | In the state of nature, then, each of us has a right to everything in the world. | | | In Leviathan, Hobbes explicitly states that the sovereign has authority to assert power over matters of faith and doctrine, and that not to do so is a recipe for discord. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes
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| | Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679). |
| | Hobbes preferred monarchy mainly because he believed there should be only one supreme authority. | | | His brilliance as a child was spotted by those who could advance him in life and arrangements were made for him to attend Oxford University (Magdalen Hall). | | | Sovereignty may be vested in a person or an assembly, but it must be indivisible, not a division of powers between King and Parliament, church and state." ( |
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http://www.blupete.com/Literature/Biographies/Philosophy/Hobbes.htm
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| | Thomas Hobbes : A Short Biography |
| | Hobbes wrote, "All mankind [is in] a perpetual and restless desire for power... | | | In it, he argued that people were naturally wicked and could not be trusted to govern. | | | Governments were created, according to Hobbes, to protect people from their own selfishness and evil. |
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http://www.rjgeib.com/thoughts/nature/hobbes-bio.html
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| | Thomas Hobbes |
| | Hobbes considered in His Loyalty, Religion, Reputation, and Manners, 1662 | | | His first was with John Bramall, bishop of Derry, on the issue of free will (see 1654, 1658, 1682). | | | Hobbes complied and most of his remaining political works were published after his death. |
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http://cepa.newschool.edu/het/profiles/hobbes.htm
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| | Island of Freedom - Thomas Hobbes |
| | Hobbes maintained that the sovereign was the best interpreter of God's will. | | | He maintained that the only way to deal with evil is to stress God's power. | | | Hobbes made three visits to the continent in his life, the first in 1610 which included discussions with Francis Bacon, under whose influence Hobbes became dissatisfied with Aristotelianism. |
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http://www.island-of-freedom.com/HOBBES.HTM
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| | Amazon.com: Leviathan (Penguin Classics): Books: Thomas Hobbes,C. B. MacPherson |
| | Hobbes is an author that uses a very simple English (for his time), but says a lot more than he seems to say. | | | His book can be also be taken as one where many important aspects of Right and Laws are aprehended, from the perspective of a deeply religious anglican man, that tried his best to separate, in his words, the Kingdoms of men (where civil laws are imperative) from the Kingdom of God (Naturall Right). | | | Leviathan is an old Fenician word for a mythical crocodile, quoted in some verses of the biblical Book of Job, an taken by Thomas Hobbes as meaning the representation of a powerfull governor totally devoted to do his most to the benefit of the Commonwealth. |
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http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0140431950?v=glance
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| | BBC - History - Thomas Hobbes |
| | Many years later in Leviathan Hobbes expressed his contempt for the universities which act 'as a handmaid to the Roman religion: and since the authority of Aristotle is only current there, that study is not properly philosophy...but Aristotelity'. | | | Hobbes said of himself that 'Fear and I were born twins. | | | Like many other great thinkers, he believed that he had more fully escaped from his early teaching than he really had. |
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http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/state/monarchs_leaders/hobbes_01.shtml
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| | Pre-History of Cognitive Science--Thomas Hobbes |
| | (Where this fear comes from he neglects to convincingly explain.) At this point in his model, Hobbes makes an important leap to the realm of language. | | | Unguided thoughts are those "wherein there is no passionate thought, to govern and direct those that follow, to itself, as the end and scope of some desire, or other passion: In which case the thoughts are said to wander, and seem impertinent one to another, as in a Dream" (95). | | | Hobbes devotes an entire chapter to language and its right usage, during which he espouses an interesting model of the function of language in political society (Chapter 4) -one in which metaphorical language is specifically derided. |
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http://www.rc.umd.edu/cstahmer/cogsci/hobbes.html
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| | Philosophers : Thomas Hobbes |
| | Hobbes developed a materialist and highly pessimistic philosophy that was denounced in his own day and later, but has had a continuing influence on Western political thought. | | | Although the power of the sovereign derived originally from the people, Hobbes said-challenging the doctrine of the divine right of kings-the sovereign's power is absolute and not subject to review by either subjects or ecclesiastical powers. | | | His Leviathan (1651) presents a bleak picture of human beings in the state of nature, where life is "nasty, brutish, and short." Fear of violent death is the principal motive that causes people to create a state by contracting to surrender their natural rights and to submit to the absolute authority of a sovereign. |
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http://www.trincoll.edu/depts/phil/philo/phils/hobbes.html
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| | Thomas Hobbes, 1588-1679 |
| | Hobbes and His Critics: A Study in Seventeenth Century Constitutionalism. | | | Included here is a selection from Hobbes' discussion of the natural condition of mankind (state of nature) from the Leviathan. | | | Herbert, Gary B. Thomas Hobbes, The Unity of Scientific and Moral Wisdom. |
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http://www.historyguide.org/intellect/hobbes.html
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| | Hobbes, Thomas articles on Encyclopedia.com |
| | Spinoza's Life He belonged to the community of Jews from Spain and Portugal who had fled the Inquisition. | | | In 1680 he became rector of St. Martin-in-the-Fields, London; there he came into prominence as a preacher and as an author, and he founded a free library. | | | In his De legibus naturae [on natural laws] (1672) he first propounded the doctrine of utilitarianism and opposed the egoistic ethics of Thomas Hobbes. |
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http://www.encyclopedia.com/articles/05940.html
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| | Thomas Hobbes |
| | For Hobbes, that conception is bound to be a mechanistic one: the movements of physical objects will turn out to be sufficient to explain everything in the universe. | | | The chief purpose of scientific investigation, then, is to develop a geometrical account of the motion of bodies, which will reveal the genuine basis of their causal interactions and the regularity of the natural world. | | | As Hobbes acknowledged, this account of human nature emphasizes our animal nature, leaving each of us to live independently of everyone else, acting only in his or her own self-interest, without regard for others. |
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http://www.philosophypages.com/hy/3x.htm
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| | Thomas Hobbes - featuring a biography, online works, and links. |
| | Hobbes was born to an impoverished clerical family in Malmesbury, Wiltshire. | | | He lived out his old age at the Devonshire's home. | | | Currently I've added Leviathan and broken De Cive: Liberty, De Cive: Religion, and elements of Law Natural and Polictics into chapters. |
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http://www.thomas-hobbes.com
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| | Thomas Hobbes |
| | Hobbes made the acquaintance of and corresponded with a number of noted personalities of his time, including Galileo and Descartes. | | | His translation of Thucydides (1629) and his publications, De Cive (1642), Human Nature (1650), and De Corpore Politico (1650) had gained him wide notoriety and respect, as well as a considerable number of opponents, especially for his much criticized De Cive. | | | The philosophies espoused in Leviathan have never been wholly embraced by either the political left or right, yet the powerful influence they exerted on the philosophies of Spinoza, Leibniz, Bentham, and Mill is undeniable. |
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http://www.lib.udel.edu/ud/spec/exhibits/treasures/history/hobbes.html
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| | Hobbes |
| | Decades after completing his traditional education as a classicist at Oxford and serving as tutor of William Cavendish, Thomas Hobbes became convinced that the methods employed by mathematicians and scientists—geometry, in particular—hold the greatest promise for advances in human knowledge. | | | Although he returned to England with the restoration of Charles II, Hobbes was for the remainder of his life embroiled in bitter political and religious controversies. | | | For Hobbes, then, individual obedience to even an arbitrary government is necessary in order to forestall the greater evil of an endless state of war. |
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http://www.philosophypages.com/ph/hobb.htm
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| | Thomas Hobbes |
| | Though Hobbes favored a monarchy as the most efficient form of sovereignty, his theory could apply equally well to king or parliament. | | | For many years a tutor in the Cavendish family, Hobbes took great interest in mathematics, physics, and the contemporary rationalism. | | | His political philosophy led to investigations by other political theorists, e.g., Locke, Spinoza, and Rousseau, who formulated their own radically different theories of the social contract. |
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http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/people/A0823860.html
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| | Hobbes summary |
| | Thomas Hobbes was an English scholar and amateur mathematician who wrote on optics and on geometry. |
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http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Hobbes.html
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| | [No title] |
| | Ignorance of the signification of words, is want of understanding, disposeth men to take on trust, not only the truth they know not, but also the errors; and which is more, the nonsense of them they trust: for neither error nor nonsense can, without a perfect understanding of words, be detected. | | | 1651 LEVIATHAN by Thomas Hobbes INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION NATURE (the art whereby God hath made and governs the world) is by the art of man, as in many other things, so in this also imitated, that it can make an artificial animal. | | | For seeing life is but a motion of limbs, the beginning whereof is in some principal part within, why may we not say that all automata (engines that move themselves by springs and wheels as doth a watch) have an artificial life? |
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http://eserver.org/Govt/leviathan.txt
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| | Leviathan, by Thomas Hobbes |
| | Steve Thomas for The University of Adelaide Library | | | For offline reading, the complete set of pages is available for download from |
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http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/h/hobbes/thomas/h68l
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| | Thomas Hobbes Collection at Bartleby.com |
| | He argued from a mechanistic view that life is simply the motions of the organism and that man is by nature a selfishly individualistic animal at constant war with all other men.—continue at Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. | | | Continual fear and danger of violent death, and the life of man solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short. | | | 1588–1679, English philosopher&; In the Leviathan, Hobbes developed his political philosophy. |
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http://www.bartleby.com/people/Hobbes-T.html
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| | Leviathan |
| | For words are wise mens counters, they do but reckon by them: but they are the mony of fooles, that value them by the authority of an Aristotle, a Cicero, or a Thomas, or any other Doctor whatsoever, if but a man. | | | Nor is it possible without Letters for any man to become either excellently wise, or (unless his memory be hurt by disease, or ill constitution of organs) excellently foolish. | | | Subject to Names, is whatsoever can enter into, or be considered in an account; and be added one to another to make a summe; or substracted one from another, and leave a remainder. |
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http://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/philosophy/works/en/hobbes.htm
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| | Thomas Hobbes |
| | Macroknow Inc. is a member of the Amazon.com Associates Program. | | | Macroknow Digital Art Copyright © 1998-2006 by Edward Thomas Matthew Ayoub. |
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http://www.macroknow.com/books/quotes/q-hobbes.htm
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