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| | TARGUM - LoveToKnow Article on TARGUM |
 | | The Targums are the Aramaic translationsor rather paraphrasesof the books of the Old Testament, and, in their earliest form, date from the time when Aramaic superseded Hebrew as the spoken language of the Jews (see HEBREW LANGUAGE). |  | | The official Targum on the Prophets is stated by the Babylonian Talmud7 to have been said by Jonathan hen Uzziel, the disciple of Hillel, and is usually known, therefore, as the Targum Jonathan. |  | | It naturally follows from the character of the original that the rendering of this Targum is less literal than that of Onkelos, especially in the prophetic books, but, when due allowance is made for the difficulty of the Hebrew, it may be described on the whole as a faithful reproduction of the original text. |
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http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/T/TA/TARGUM.htm
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| | Targum: Definition and Much More From Answers.com |
 | | A targum (plural: targumim) is an Aramaic translation of the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) written or compiled in the Land of Israel or in Babylonia from the Second Temple period until the early Middle Ages (late first millennium). |  | | Targum (tär'gəm) [Aramaic,=translation], Aramaic paraphrase of the Hebrew Bible. |  | | In the synagogues of talmudic times, Targum Onkelos was read alternately with the Torah, verse by verse, and Targum Jonathan was read alternately with the selection from Nevi'im (i.e. |
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http://www.answers.com/topic/targum
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| | CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Targum |
 | | The Targums mentioned under (a) adhere relatively closest to the text of the Bible. |  | | At a later date the whole Targum was printed in the Rabbinical Bibles of Bomberg and Buxdorf and in the Polyglot Bibles of Antwerp, Paris, and London. |  | | Targum Yerushalmi on the Pentateuch is also called the Fragmentary targum because the Targum on the entire Pentateuch has not been preserved, but only portions of it on numerous longer and shorter passages, frequently only the Targum on individual verses or parts of such. |
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http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14454b.htm
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| | Targum Bibliography |
 | | A Reflection on Midrashic and Targumic Rewording of Scripture', JJS 45.1 (1994), pp. |  | | Somekh, Alberto Moshe, 'Apologia Messianica nel Targum Onqelos a Genesi 49', Augustinianum 28.1-2 (1988), pp. |  | | Anderson, Gary A., 'The Interpretation of Genesis 1:1 in the Targums', CBQ 52.1 (1990), pp. |
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http://faculty.washington.edu/snoegel/targumbiblio.html
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| | Targum - International Standard Bible Encyclopedia |
 | | The main benefit received from the Targums is the knowledge of the views of the Jewish rabbis as to the meaning of certain passages Thus in Genesis 49:10 there is no doubt in the mind of the Targumist that "Shiloh" refers to the Messiah. |  | | The Targums that require most to be considered are the official Targums, those that are given in the rabbinic Bibles in columns parallel with the columns of Hebrew. |  | | Yet more extravagant is the 2nd Targum; it begins by asserting that there are ten great monarchs of whom Achhashverosh was the 6th, the Greek and Roman were the 7th and the 8th, Messiah the king the 9th, and the Almighty Himself the 10th. |
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http://www.studylight.org/enc/isb/view.cgi?number=T8612
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| | The History of the Targum |
 | | In the Talmud (Megillah 3a), the Targum of the Prophets is ascribed to Jonathan ben Uzziel, who was a disciple of Hillel, a contemporary of Jesus. |  | | In the Targum, the command is given in 40:3 to prepare highways, not for "our God", but for "the congregation of our God". |  | | The association between the holy spirit and prophecy in the Targum appears to be typical of early Judaism (cf. |
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http://inside.bard.edu/religion/facultyproj/temple/temple_isaiah/targum.htm
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| | Targum Jonathan -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article |
 | | In talmudic times (and to this day in Yemenite Jewish communities) Targum Jonathan was read as a verse-by-verse translation alternatively with the Hebrew verses of the (A short selection from the Prophets read on every Sabbath in a Jewish synagogue following a reading from the Torah) haftarah in the synagogue. |  | | The Talmud states that "a persion should complete his portions of scripture along with the community, reading the scripture twice and the targum once." This passage may be taken to refer to Targum Jonathan (as well as to (Click link for more info and facts about Targum Onkelos) Targum Onkelos). |  | | Its early origins, however, are western ((Click link for more info and facts about Land of Israel) Land of Israel). |
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http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/encyclopedia/t/ta/targum_jonathan.htm
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| | Targum Bibliography |
 | | The selections from other Targums are then followed by notes, in which the background of the Targum interpretation is explained. |  | | Bowker intends first to provide an introduction to the Aramaic Targums, interpretative translations of the Hebrew text of the Bible, and second to show how the Targums form a part of Jewish exegesis in general. |  | | Note: Includes text of the Targum of Judges in Aramaic and English with commentary. |
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http://www.bible-researcher.com/aramaic5.html
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| | John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible |
 | | and [one] shall slay her before his face; the Targum of Jonathan says, another priest; but it was not necessary that it should be slain by a priest, any man might do it. |  | | Three stalks of hyssop bound together, as the Targum of Jonathan, and this man was to be a clean priest, according to the same; but it does not seem necessary that he should be a priest, but that anyone free from ceremonial pollution might do it: |  | | Another priest, according to the Targum of Jonathan; but it seems to design Eleazar the priest, and so, in later times, the same priest that burnt the cow took these things; the Jews say {h}, when he took them he said, is this cedar wood? |
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http://eword.gospelcom.net/comments/numbers/gill/numbers19.htm
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| | Catholic Culture : Library : Most Theological Collection : Browse |
 | | We are especially concerned with the Targum Jonathan, the official targum to the prophets -- for most of the greatest messianic prophecies are found in that targum, to the prophets Isaiah and Micah. |  | | Bruce Chilton, The Isaiah Targum, in The Aramaic Bible, V1 11. |  | | Neusner's indirect admission that there was distortion in the targum to keep Christians from using the OT is reinforced by statements from other important modern Jewish scholars. |
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http://www.catholicculture.org/docs/most/getwork.cfm?worknum=145
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| | CAL Search Page |
 | | Targum Neofiti was completely collated against the microfilm of the manuscript, and re-read again for marginalia by M. Abegg and S. Kaufman. |  | | The toseftot texts cited separately as "targ toseftot" are taken from Rimon Kasher, Targumic Toseftot to the Prophets, (Sources for the Study of Jewish Culture Volume II, Jerusalem: World Union of Jewish Studies, 1996). |  | | Bernard Grossfeld, The Aramaic Bible, Volume 18: The Two Targums of Esther (Collegeville, Minnesota: Michael Glazier, 1991), p. |
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http://cal1.cn.huc.edu/searching/targum_info.html
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| | On The Sources Of The Story Of Cain & Abel In The Qur'an |
 | | It has already been mentioned that the final redaction of the Targum took place after the advent of Islam and that the the matter of conversation between Cain and Abel in the Qur'an and in Targum Pseudo-Jonathan is strikingly different. |  | | A conversation, or rather argument, between Cain and Abel is mentioned in the Jewish legend both in the Targum of Jonathan and in the Targum of Jerusalem... |  | | Targum Pseudo-Jonathan's late redaction (after the advent of Islam) is discussed on p. |
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http://www.islamic-awareness.org/Quran/Sources/BBCandA.html
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| | KKMS Am 980 - Interactive Christian Talk |
 | | The Targums were authoritative Aramaic paraphrases of the books of the Tenach which were read in the synagogues along with the Hebrew of the Torah and hafTorah readings. |  | | Whenever the Targums come to passages where YHWH is anthropomorphisised or seen, or where two or more YHWHs are indicated by the text, the Targums will often substitute "The Word [Memra] of YHWH" for YHWH. |  | | The Word of YHWH was also the giver of the Mosaic Covenant and the Torah as the Jerusalem Targum (as quoted above) makes the Torah giver "the Word of YHWH" in Ex. |
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http://www.kkms.com/subpage.asp?StationId=KKMS-AM&PageNo=59
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| | ISBN directory - |
 | | 0814654797 Targum Jonathan of the Former Prophets (The Aramaic Bible, Volume 10) |  | | 0814654819 Targum of Jeremiah (The Aramaic Bible, Volume 12) |  | | 0814654827 Targum of Ezeklel (The Aramaic Bible, Volume 13) |
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http://my.linkbaton.com/isbn/0814625673--0814655483
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| | [No title] |
 | | Another important source of knowledge about early Jewish beliefs comes from Aramaic paraphrases of the Bible, known as targums. |  | | The ARAMAIC PARAPHRASE OF THE BIBLE: The TARGUMS |  | | The Targum Onqelos to Leviticus and The Targum Onqelos to Numbers. |
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http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/~kloppen/rabbinic.htm
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| | Passover in Targum Pseudo-Jonathan Genesis |
 | | The aim of this study is to investigate the connection of important events in Genesis with Passover in Targum Pseudo-Jonathan, and to relate this interpretation to the hermeneutic activity in the ancient Synagogue. |  | | The Connection of Early Biblical Events with Passover in Targum Pseudo-Jonathan in a Synagogue Setting |
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http://www.coronetbooks.com/books/pass9278.htm
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| | Table of contents for Library of Congress control number 2002027656 |
 | | Library of Congress subject headings for this publication: Bible, O, T, Former prophets, Aramaic, Targum Jonathan Commentaries |  | | Bibliographic record and links to related information available from the Library of Congress catalog. |  | | Table of contents for Library of Congress control number 2002027656 |
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http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy033/2002027656.html
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| | Dove Booksellers New Books |
 | | Targum Onkelos to the Torah: Leviticus and Numbers |  | | From Subject Category: Aramaic - Texts, Critical Editions - Judaism 14 - Targums |
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http://www.dovebook.com/new/product.asp?code=like'909'
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| | Targum Translations Index |
 | | The Targum to Ruth, translated by Samson Levey. |  | | Targum Pseudo-Jonathan 22, by Etheridge (The Sacrifice of Isaac) |
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http://uwacadweb.uwyo.edu/religionet/ts/tt.htm
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