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| | Baruch Spinoza |
 | | Spinoza's God is not the God of Abraham and Isaac, not a personal God at all, and his system provides no reason for the revelatory status of the Bible or the practice of Judaism, or of any religion, for that matter. | | | Spinoza's God is perfect, which means everything is as it must be and cannot be otherwise. | | | Like Jefferson, again, Spinoza was a kind of Unitarian, for whom the purely religious aspects of the religions were nearly meaningless. |
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http://www.friesian.com/spinoza.htm
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| | Baruch Spinoza |
| | Central to Spinoza's analysis of the Jewish religion -- although it is applicable to any religion whatsoever -- is the distinction between the divine law and the ceremonial law. | | | But Spinoza's ultimate intention is reveal the truth about Scripture and religion, and thereby to undercut the political power exercised in modern states by religious authorities. | | | What Spinoza intends to demonstrate (in the strongest sense of that word) is the truth about God, nature and especially ourselves; and the highest principles of society, religion and the good life. |
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http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/spinoza
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| | Spinoza: the first modern pantheist. |
| | At first Spinoza was reviled as an atheist - and certainly, his God is not the conventional Judo-Christian God. | | | Spinoza believed that everything that exists is God. | | | And Spinoza's starting point is not nature or the cosmos, but a purely theoretical definition of God. |
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http://members.aol.com/Heraklit1/spinoza.htm
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| | Baruch Spinoza - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Known as both the "greatest Jew" and the "greatest Atheist", Spinoza contended that God and Nature were two names for the same reality, namely the single substance (meaning "to stand beneath" rather than "matter") that underlies the universe and of which all lesser "entities" are actually modes or modifications. | | | Spinoza equated God with Nature, and Einstein, too, believed in an impersonal deity. | | | He contended that "Deus sive Natura" ("God or Nature") was a being of infinitely many attributes, of which extension and thought were two. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza
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| | Spinoza |
| | Spinoza disavowed anthropomorphic conceptions of god as both logically and theologically unsound, proposed modern historical-critical methods for biblical interpretation, and defended political toleration of alternative religious practices. | | | Spinoza preferred the designation "Deus sive Natura" ("god or nature") as the most fitting name for this being, and he argued that the its infinite attributes account for every feature of the universe. | | | In Book I Spinoza claimed to demonstrate both the necessary existence and the unitary nature of the unique, single substance that comprises all of reality. |
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http://www.philosophypages.com/ph/spin.htm
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| | Spinoza' Ethics |
| | Spinoza argues that the human mind is a part of the infinite intellect of God (II, Prop. | | | Spinoza begins by describing what can be known about God. | | | Spinoza says that, since the idea of anything actually existing must come from God, the human mind is capable of knowing God (II, Prop. |
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http://www.angelfire.com/md2/timewarp/spinoza.html
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| | The Philosophy of Benedict Spinoza |
| | The methods of government of state and Church, for Spinoza, are not conducive to the elaboration of a rational philosophy. | | | He reduces these two Cartesian substances to two attributes; and to explain their mutual dependence he is obliged to affirm dogmatically the existence of the psycho-physical law, in virtue of which what happens in the "attribute" of the soul automatically finds its correlative in the "attribute" of the body. | | | Of the two problems left unsolved by Descartes (the determination of the relationship God and the world and between the soul and the body), Spinoza answers the first by affirming the unity of substance and reducing the world to a modification of this single substance. |
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http://radicalacademy.com/philspinoza.htm
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| | Spinoza and Late 18th/Early 19th Century Germany |
| | I cling more and more firmly to the reverence for God of the atheist [Spinoza]... | | | Spinoza’s God -- or, if you prefer, absolutely infinite substance -- would be Goethe’s guide to understanding not merely Being itself but all earthly forms or beings that we experience. | | | century German disciples, Spinoza’s philosophy came to be valued as a beloved synthesis between rationalist, atheistic materialism, on the one hand, and the celebration of the divine, on the other. |
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http://www.spinoza.net/TSNMain.htm
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| | CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Spinoza |
| | It must be shown that God's unchangeableness does not involve the necessity of all Divine action; it must be proved that the dependence of the finite upon the infinite does not demand a counter-relation in the infinite, and that there is a metaphysic world of pure possibility and universal conceptions. | | | Only the Being of God is independent; Spinoza calls this Being alone substance. | | | About 1651 Spinoza, unable to see his way clearly, seems for a short time to have abandoned metaphysical studies, and to have fought a hard battle with his passions. |
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http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14217a.htm
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| | Spinoza's Psychological Theory |
| | Spinoza's argument to IIIp6 is uncharacteristically insulated from the rest of the Ethics. | | | There is a basis, in Spinoza's dual aspect theory and parallelism, for thinking that whatever is true about bodies is true about minds also (and see IIIp10 and IIIp11 for Spinoza's account of striving and the mind/body relation). | | | Despite worries that one might have about the validity of Spinoza's argument, the doctrine has at least some claim to plausibility as an account of the nature of particular things. |
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http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/spinoza-psychological
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| | Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677) - By Miles Hodges |
| | To Spinoza this is why the principle of intellectual and spiritual tolerance was of the highest order of things. | | | Existence exists in the form of pure substance--which works out to be Spinoza's definition of God. | | | But it certainly spoke to those souls who were tiring rapidly of the mean spiritedness of the religiously orthodox--a growing number of youthful minds who hoped to rise to truths which were vastly higher than the traditional variety that had brought Europeans to war against each other mercilessly. |
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http://www.newgenevacenter.org/biography/spinoza2.htm
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| | Spinoza: Metaphysics Philosophy of Spinoza, One Infinite Substance (God Nature Space) Spinoza Quotes Ethics |
| | So from Spinoza's Metaphysics, we can understand that humans (and our minds) are necessarily united to the whole, since there is only one substance; reality is a unity which we call God or Nature. | | | From which it follows that men who are governed by reason, that is, men who, under the guidance of reason, seek what is useful to them, desire nothing for themselves which they do not also desire for the rest of mankind, and therefore they are just, faithful and honourable. | | | "The fundamental atheism of Spinoza," said David Hume, "is the doctrine of the simplicity of the universe and the unity of that substance in which he supposes both thought and matter to inhere." (p.vii) |
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http://www.spaceandmotion.com/Philosophy-Spinoza-Philosopher.htm
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| | Spinoza on Mind and Body (Rachel Florence) |
| | He claims that Spinoza’s argument gives the impression that the body is somehow more fundamental than the mind because he tries to explain the mind, or idea, by first explaining its object, the body. | | | The crucial part of Spinoza’s argument according to Lloyd is to be found in the idea of parallelism between thought and extension. | | | Della Rocca analyzes Lloyd’s argument that according to Spinoza human beings are a part of nature. |
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http://www.trinity.edu/cbrown/modern/litrev/Spinoza-mindbody.html
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| | :: BDSweb > Spinoza & Spinozism |
| | Mittleman, A. "Spinoza, Liberalism, and the Question of Jewish Identity" by Steven B. Smith. | | | Morriston, W. How Spinoza establishes that God is the only substance (University of Colorado) | | | Spinoza, Benedict - S. Dunin-Borkowski (The Catholic Encyclopedia) |
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http://bdsweb.tripod.com/en
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| | Philosophers - Spinoza |
| | Descartes led Spinoza to distance himself from orthodox life. | | | we can see Spinoza's system forming in twenty centuries behind him, and sharing in shaping the modern world. | | | and Schleiermacher, the liberal theologian, wrote of "the holy and excommunicated Spinoza." |
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http://www.yesselman.com/Columbia.htm
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| | Benedict de Spinoza |
| | Little is known of Spinoza's early years except that he studied at the Amsterdam Jewish school where he learned Hebrew and was instructed in Jewish Orthodoxy as it was his father's wish for him to become a Rabbi. | | | Joseph B. Yesselleman's Home Page dedicated to Spinoza's insights has a variety of intriguing and enlightening exercises. | | | July 27, Spinoza is excommunicated from the Jewish faith for his unorthodox speculations and association with free thinkers. |
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http://oregonstate.edu/instruct/phl302/philosophers/spinoza.html
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| | Spinoza, Baruch. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 |
| | The universe is a single substance, capable of an infinity of attributes, but known through two of them: physical “extension” and “thought.” God is not the creator of a Nature beyond himself; God is Nature in its fullness. | | | 1964); H. Allison, Benedict de Spinoza (1975); S. Hampshire, Spinoza (1975); L. Strauss, Spinoza’s Critique of Religion (1982). | | | Whereas for Descartes mind and body are different substances, Spinoza holds that the two are different aspects of a single substance, which he called alternately God and Nature. |
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http://www.bartleby.com/65/sp/Spinoza.html
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| | Amazon.com: Books: The Ethics ; Treatise on the Emendation of the Intellect ; Selected Letters |
| | It is not until Ethics 1, Prop.14, that God, by definition, is shown to be identical with the infinite, all-inclusive, unique Substance, and thereafter it is all too easy to lose sight of this, as the religious overtones of the word "God" keep asserting themselves. | | | For Spinoza God is all Being, all Reality, in all its aspects and in all its infinite richness." | | | This volume is a fine translation of Spinoza's _Ethics_ together with some other writings that help to illuminate it -- namely, the _Treatise on the Emendation of the Intellect_ and some well-chosen passages from Spinoza's correspondence. |
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http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0872201309?v=glance
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| | Benedict de Spinoza (1632-77). |
| | As a pantheistic monist, Spinoza was of the belief that there is no dualism between God and the world; we need not go beyond the immediate present experience to seek for a being outside of it. | | | As a young man, Spinoza renounced his allegiance to his Jewish ancestry. | | | While Descartes had declared earlier that man possessed "freewill," a necessary position for any religionist to take, Spinoza "ridiculed" this notion1 and declared that the notion of freewill "is due to the fact that people are conscious of their actions, but not of the causes of their actions." In this regard Spinoza was a determinist. |
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http://www.blupete.com/Literature/Biographies/Philosophy/Spinoza.htm
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| | SPINOZA |
| | Van den Enden was not merely interested in modern scientific developments, but was also notorious as an ‘atheist’ (probably meaning that he had highly unorthodox religious views, rather than that he flatly denied the existence of God). | | | This includes a useful bibliography on the biography of Spinoza. | | | The same year, his friends had most of his unpublished works (including the Ethics) printed, but they were officially banned in 1678. |
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http://www.philosophy.leeds.ac.uk/GMR/hmp/resources/biographies/spinoza/spinoza.html
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| | Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677) |
| | Not yet 24 years old, Spinoza rejected traditional interpretations of Scripture and thus deviated from Jewish orthodoxy. | | | During his lifetime Spinoza was a controversial figure, largely because his philosophical pantheism was not widely appreciated in either Jewish or Christian religious circles. | | | In 1656 he was expelled from the synagogue at Amsterdam on charges of heretical thought and practice, after which he Latinized his name to Benedict. |
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http://spinoza.mine.nu
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| | Philosophers : Baruch Spinoza |
| | Unlike Descartes, however, he regarded mind and body (or ideas and the physical universe) as merely different aspects of a single substance, which he called alternately God and Nature, God being Nature in its fullness. | | | He saw the supreme ambition of the virtuous person as the "intellectual love of God." Spinoza shared with Descartes an intensely mathematical appreciation of the universe: truth, like geometry, follows from first principles, and is accessible to the logical mind. | | | After charges of heretical thought and practice led to his excommunication from the Jewish community in Amsterdam in 1656, he Latinized his name to Benedict. |
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http://www.trincoll.edu/depts/phil/philo/phils/spinoza.html
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| | Tempus Spinozanum |
| | Clara Marie van den Enden marries Dr. Kerckrinck, a wealthy Amsterdam physician and disciple of Spinoza. | | | Spinoza is accused of heresy (materialism and "contempt for the Torah") before the Tribunal of the Congregation. | | | Leibniz sends Spinoza his Notita opticae promoteae; Spinoza sends Leibniz his Tractatus theologico-politicus. |
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http://frank.mtsu.edu/~rbombard/RB/Spinoza/chrono4.html
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| | Welcome to The Spinoza Study |
| | Additions and changes to: "Spinoza Works": Added several letters written by Spinoza which were inadvertently left out. | | | Spinoza's Short Treatise On God, Man, And His Well-Being (referred to here as ST) | | | For Spinoza's Works in other languages see the following sites: |
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http://home.earthlink.net/~tneff
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| | Open Directory - Society: Philosophy: Philosophers: S: Spinoza, Baruch |
| | A Dedication to Spinoza's Insights - Joseph B. Yesselman's tribute to Spinoza as an intellectual source of human joy, love, and peace of mind. | | | Studia Spinoziana - A Spinoza site with links to studies, translations, and other pertinent 17th century figures. | | | Baruch Spinoza - Critical entry on Spinoza by Kelley L. Ross. |
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http://dmoz.org/Society/Philosophy/Philosophers/S/Spinoza,_Baruch
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| | EpistemeLinks.com: Website results for philosopher Baruch Spinoza |
| | Description: includes several great resources including many Spinoza texts and a useful glossary/index. | | | Description: Includes a biography, favorite quotes, and e-texts from Spinoza (in Latin, with some available through split-screen translated feature). | | | Description: Provides The Ethics, the correspondances of Spinoza, and several excerpts from secondary sources about him, as well as links and other resources. |
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http://www.epistemelinks.com/Main/Philosophers.aspx?PhilCode=Spin
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| | Spinoza |
| | "On Jacobi's Letters Concerning the Teaching of Spinoza": Friedrich Hölderlin | | | Spinoza: Hegel - Lectures on the History of Philosophy | | | Introduction: The Chief Works of Spinoza - R.H.M. Elwes (trans.) (1883) |
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http://www.class.uidaho.edu/mickelsen/spinoza3.htm
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| | Glossary of People: Sp |
| | Spinoza denied the immortality of the soul, and believed in a God who manifests himself only in the laws of Nature, rather than in a anthropomorphic entity which creates nature. | | | In reading Spinoza, it is probably correct to substitute the word "Nature" wherever the word "God" is written. | | | In 1665, Spinoza laid aside his work on the Ethics, to write a book defending freedom of speech and religion against the 'strict' Calvinists. |
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http://www.marxists.org/glossary/people/s/p.htm
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| | Baruch Spinoza: Tutte le informazioni su Baruch Spinoza su Encyclopedia.it |
| | La Scrittura viene infatti definita come prodotto storico, come insieme di testi redatti da uomini in diverse epoche storiche, e non come il mezzo privilegiato della rivelazione di Dio all'uomo. | | | Nononostante l'anonimato, Spinoza viene presto riconosciuto come autore dell'opera, che viene messa al bando dalle autorità olandesi a partire dal 1674, insieme con il Leviatano di Thomas Hobbes. | | | Giovanissimo, all'età di 29 anni e dopo la drammatica esperienza dell’espulsione dalla Comunità, Spinoza pubblica i Principi della filosofia di Cartesio e i Pensieri Metafisici, opere che gli danno fama di esegeta della filosofia cartesiana. |
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http://www.encyclopedia.it/b/ba/baruch_spinoza.html
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| | Spinoza, Baruch Philosophers |
| | A Spinoza site with links to studies, translations, and other pertinent 17th century figures. | | | 50) this.border=1' alt='Malaspina Great Books: Benedictus de Spinoza. | | | View ratings : Malaspina Great Books: Benedictus de Spinoza |
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http://philosophers.philosophy.designerz.com/philosophers-spinoza--baruch.php
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| | iansie.com - Spinoza |
| | The Work lists Spinoza's books, together with more detail of their publishing history and content (including, in some cases, links to web versions of the texts.) | | | There is also the beginings of a Bibliography (including hot-links to other Spinoza sites), and About this Site, which gives some of the history behind the making of this project (which is freely adapted from a Hypercard stack first created in the late-1980s.) | | | The Life takes you to a summary of Spinoza's life, plus a more detailed account of his activities in Amsterdam, in Rijnsburg and in the Hague. |
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http://www.iansie.com/spinoza
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| | Welcome to SpinozaWeb |
| | Baruch Spinoza Webliography at The Cooley Science Library. | | | Joseph B. Yesselman's Home Page; Spinozistic insights, calculus and dialogue. | | | Welcome to SpinozaWeb, a resource guide for Spinoza fans around the world. |
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http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Academy/4364/SpinozaWeb.html
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| | Homepage |
| | Named after scientist and rationalist philosopher Benedictus de Spinoza (1632-1677), the institute aims to stimulate research in physics from a unifying perspective. | | | The Spinoza Institute, founded in 1998 at Utrecht University in the Netherlands, hosts a number of selected research programmes. | | | At present, one programme has been set up: Quantum Gravity, Strings and Supersymmetry. |
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http://www1.phys.uu.nl/spinoza
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| | Spinoza Website: Main page |
| | On structural aspects of Spinoza’s Ethica (Essay in preparation) | | | Latin web versions of selected works by Spinoza, edited by the author |
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http://home.tiscali.be/rwmeijer/spinoza
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| | Title Page: Spinoza's Ethics / Elwes Translation |
| | his edition of the Ethics utilizes internal hypertext coding to faciilitate the logical analysis of Spinoza's reasoning; because inferences and explications can be easily scrutinized via clickable links to the definitions, axioms, postulates, and theorems of the system, I hope to have compensated, at least somwhat, for various shortcomings in the Elwes translation. | | | The plain text was scanned on a Hewlett Packard 4c flatbed scanner using OmniPage OCR software; subsequent HTML formatting was entered manually. |
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http://www.mtsu.edu/~rbombard/RB/Spinoza/ethica-front.html
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| | Spinoza |
| | A Dedication to Spinoza's Insights - Joseph B. Yesselman's Home Page | | | Björn's Guide To Philosophy - Spinoza: Good general information and links. | | | Any use is subject to the Terms of Use and |
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http://www.mhhe.com/mayfieldpub/lawhead/chapter3/spinoza.htm
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