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| | Encyclopedia4U - Shudra - Encyclopedia Article |
 | | These four castes are Brahmin (priestly or learned caste), Kshatriya (warrior caste), Vaisya (businessmen and tradesmen), and Shudra. | | | Some Shudras castes are classified by the government as backward castes, meaning those castes are underpriviledged. | | | Shudra caste often had traditional roles providing menial labor, which was not necessarily unclean. |
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http://www.encyclopedia4u.com/s/shudra.html
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| | The Shudra brand of ultra-Hinduism |
| | The Brahmans' Hinduism was more Brahmanical and less religious but the Shudras' Hinduism is both more religious and more Brahmanical. | | | What is clearly visible today is the fact that upwardly mobile Shudras, after having established their Brahman/Kshatriya-like hold over assets, institutions and politics, are also emulating the Brahmans' and Kshatriyas' social and religious practices of the past. | | | Most of the neem leaf-clad women were Shudra. |
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http://www.ambedkar.org/chandrabhan/TheShudra.htm
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| | `The Education Department of the Government,' Part 15 of `SLAVERY (Under the Cloak of BRAHMANISM)' by Mahatma Phule. |
| | Jotirao : It is a fact that the Bhat Joshis dupe the ignorant Shudras by retailing to them the teachings of their wicked religion, whereas the Christian missionaries provide them with authentic knowledge based on their impartial religion and lead them to the path of Truth. | | | What benefits do the Shudras derive from these paragons of scholarship (the so-called 'embodiments of learning?)' A Shudra labourer has to carry baskets full of earth and rubble on his head, on the road from sunrise to sunset, to earn a pittance of four annas a day. | | | I guess the figure would be at least a thousand (families) to qualify for this bounty of God, should it come their way. |
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http://www.dalitstan.org/books/slavery/slavry15.html
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| | Aether: The Varati - Castes |
| | The shudra are a caste of their own within the society, and have their given place. | | | Shudra: Perhaps one of the most common misconceptions about the Varati culture comes directly because of this caste. | | | However, since the Ushasti are not a caste of their own, a particular member's caste is the caste they belong to; a shudra Ushasti is still shudra, though perhaps of slightly higher status than other shudra. |
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http://aether.mux.net/Varati/castes-old.html
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| | shudra |
| | 'Shudra' is a term probably derived from the Sanskrit word 'such', to be afflicted. | | | Because of these strict and harsh social regulations, the Shudras were very supportive of the anti-Brahminical sects that evolved around the 6th century BC, like Buddhism and Jainism. | | | Later, they also converted in large numbers to Islam and Christianity, finding solace in the egalitarianism preached by these faiths. |
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http://www.gurjari.net/ico/Mystica/html/shudra.htm
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| | Caste System and Casteism |
| | In the Chandogya Upanishad, Satyakama (the illegitimate, varnasankra, son of a Shudra woman who did not even remember who her son's father was) went on to be accepted and educated for Brahmin work (the Gita: Ch. | | | Note that the society in this respect remained flexible and allowed people (including the Shudra, who also engaged in menial and ignoble pursuits) the freedom of choice in their undertakings (e.g., Satyakama in the above). | | | Note, the lack of relevant information available in print etc. probably also led to the guru-pupil based disciplic tradition for knowledge/spirituality which would otherwise be not as crucial. |
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http://www.geocities.com/lamberdar/_caste.html
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| | Shudra Dictionary |
| | There are four major castes in Hindu society: Brahmin, kshatriya, vaishya, and shudra. | | | Shudra Dictionary: Spiritual Yoga Dictionary III on Varna | | | True worship and sacrifice cease, and base, or shudra, consciousness is prominent. |
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http://www.experiencefestival.com/shudra_dictionary
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| | Appendix -1 |
| | Secondly, it is also the outcome of the struggle between Buddhists and Brahmins in which after the non-Aryans (opposed to Aryans) were overcome by Aryans, the former were called "Shudras", as mentioned in the Rigveda. | | | There is no mention of Shudra except in "Purush Sookta" of the Rigveda which has been appended only later. | | | History is replete with evidences that because of the legal system based on the Hindu religion lower-caste victims were given more inhuman and stringent penalty than higher-caste ones in similar crimes during Lichhvi, Malla, Shaha and Rana periods (except during kirant period). |
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http://www.hri.ca/partners/insec/Yb1993/Append_1.shtml
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| | Why I Am Not a Hindu |
| | [63] For example, Nishad caste is said to have originated from anuloma relationship between Brahmin male and Shudra female,[64] whereas C handala caste is said to be owing its origin to pratiloma relationship between Shudra male and Brahmin female. | | | Similarly, in Mahabharata, Dronacharya refuses to teach archery to Eklavya, because he was not a Kshatriya by birth. | | | A Brahmin, according to Manu, must not teach the Shudra and woman even if he dies with his knowledge without imparting it to anybody. |
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http://www.infidels.org/library/modern/ramendra_nath/hindu.html
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| | Faith Freedom International :: View topic - Hindus..Hinduism...Hindu Agenda and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar |
| | But let a shudra serve brahmans, either for the sake of heaven or with a view to both this life and the text, for he who is called the servant of a Brahmana thereby gains all his ends. | | | Ancestors of some Shudra tribes must have accepted their status without fight and finally got absorbed in Hinduism.Even till this date vast majority of Hindus are low caste. | | | One occupation only the lord prescribed to the shudra to serve meekly even these other three castes. |
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http://www.faithfreedom.org/forum/viewtopic.php?t=2623&highlight=
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| | Answer to Why I Am Not a Hindu |
| | Again, the verse stating that "he [the Brahmin] who studies from a Shudra teacher or teaches a Shudra student" cannot officiate in funeral ceremonies (3:156) offers evidence that Shudras were teachers, a fact that the Brahmins wished to change. | | | Each of the verses he quotes declaring the inferiority of Shudras and dominance of Brahmins, do exist. | | | Ramendra Nath assumes followers of Manu treated them, say and do this after gaining power (and when the Brahmins were at their nadir), then obviously the Brahmins are a superior race who deserve to rule over a spineless inferior caste. |
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http://www.infidels.org/library/modern/a_hindu_woman/answertohindu.shtml
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| | [No title] |
| | Let them, let him remain a shudra, and if he follows strictly the rules and regulation of shudra, he'll also be as good as a brahmana. | | | Let them do, according to sastra, the work of shudra, or vaishya. | | | Satsvarupa: But in most of our temples, the duties are either Deity worship, brahmana... |
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http://www.angelfire.com/ga/varnadharma108/In.ISKCON.2.html
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| | Proof |
| | He is content with the divine explanation contained in the Purusha Sukta that the Shudra was born from the feet of the Purusha. | | | (2) The Shudras are said not to have the right to study the Vedas How is it then that Sudas, a Shubra, was the composer of the hymns of the Rig Veda? | | | How is it then that the rishis of the Yajur Veda and the Atharva Veda should wish glory to the Shudras and express a desire to be in favour of the Shudras? |
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http://www.saxakali.com/southasia/proof.htm
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| | Punjabi.net discussions chat forums |
| | “You shudra jats seems to talk about caste, but I like to hear why a jat sikh does not marry a ramgharia sikhs and why khatri sikhs looks down on you jat sikhs. | | | I mean how can a guru be a shudra. | | | I am not a Hindu Jat, but here is what they say about it. |
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http://punjabi.net/talk/messages/1/4919.html
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| | Hindu History - Emergence of the Caste System (Chatur-Varna was actually a two-fold division) |
| | In the construction of such grand temples, the unpaid labour of members of the Vaishya and Shudra castes called vishti and balutem was also used. | | | In doing this the clergy firmly rooted in the minds of the masses, ideas about Karma - faithfully carrying out of duties assigned to each person on virtue of being born in any particular caste. | | | A few days passed and the episode was forgotten by Harishchandra, but Vishwamitra was not one to forget so easily. |
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http://www.hindubooks.org/sudheer_birodkar/hindu_history/caste2classes.html
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| | Verdict 2004:Triumph non-Brahmins By Chandrabhan Prasad |
| | And, finally, the joke of the first decade of the 21st Century: Communication and IT has gone to Dayanidhi Maran, overwhelmingly Shudra. | | | His argument in favour of the unique design: Who could have conceptualised this two centuries earlier? | | | That is good for Dalits, as the Parliament is condemned by the massive presence of Shudras, who primarily represent their own caste groups. |
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http://www.countercurrents.org/dalit-prasad300504.htm
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| | Tantra Yesterday Today & Tomorrow |
| | No one was barred from receiving the precious teachings or excluded from the possibility of attaining enlightenment in this lifetime. | | | Tantra provided a home for all those who longed for direct spiritual experience but found orthodox I Hinduism (Smarta Brahmanism) far too restrictive and exclusivist. | | | A brahmin could have a shudra teacher and vice versa. |
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http://www.tantra.uk.com/page8.html
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| | The Shudra: A Philosophical Narrative of Indian Superhumanism |
| | The book in your hand is, in fact, is a post-script to the story of the death of Purusha (the creator God) at the hands of gods and priests as related in the Purusha Sukta of Rig Veda. | | | The Shudra: A Philosophical Narrative of Indian Superhumanism |
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http://www.iosworld.org/book6.htm
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| | The Hindu : Needed, a transformation |
| | Vivekananda who came from the dwija (Kayasta) background asked for spiritual equality for Shudras and for doing so he was never given an integral space within temple-based Hindu thought. | | | Brahminic thought even now sees the Shudras/OBCs only as muscle to be used, not as part of their own spiritual and philosophical tradition. | | | This is true of illiterate Muslim youth and also of Shudra/ OBC youth. |
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http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/2002/04/23/stories/2002042300411000.htm
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| | Politics of power and artificial ideologies |
| | Within the Congress, Kshatriyas and Vaishyas have asserted themselves and sometimes even joined hands with the Shudras to take on the Brahmans. | | | Or, did any political scientist theorise that the Left Front's 1977 triumph in "casteless" West Bengal was a replica of the anti-Brahman movement of Tamil Nadu, where Shudra castes camouflaged their intent under Tamil chauvinism. | | | Left or Congress governments, it is the Ezhvas, Nadars and Thiyyas - the Dalits' main tormentors - who rule Kerala. |
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http://www.ambedkar.org/News/Politicsof.htm
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| | Re: ARTICLE : Shankara's Brahma Sutra Bhashya |
| | 1.6),' no prohibition against his acquisition of illumination > is met with...And in the smritis are mentioned Vidura and others as born in the > Shudra caste but endowed with special knowledge. | | | But the author of > SBSB does have a personality which can at best be described as *orthodox*, > for he scrupulously agrees word for word with the Brahma Sutras even in cases > like animal-sacrifice and prohibition of the Shudra from knowledge of the Vedas. | | | Hence Shudras have competence > for different kinds of knowledge." > > The Vedantin now quotes from smriti to prove that a Shudra is NOT allowed access > to the vedas, ending with "...a born Shudra has no right to knowledge through > the Vedas." But the Vedantin (i.e. |
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http://www.hindunet.org/srh_home/1996_10/msg00029.html
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| | Shudra Era in Developed Society |
| | You see, again it is a matter of if the development of that society is a reflection of the people, or if it is an imposition. | | | But in a shudra society, long periods may pass where there is a gap between the ruling class and the people. | | | But those are pockets amid a massive shudra area. |
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http://www.anandaseva.org/Prout/shudrasindevelopedsoc1194.html
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| | VISHNU PURAN - URDAY.com |
| | A Shudra may also make donations and oblations to appease his dead ancestors. | | | Besides he should also organise Yagyas make donations and study scriptures. | | | A Shudra is expected to earn his livelihood through handicrafts. |
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http://www.urday.com/vishnub8.htm
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| | Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Mahatma Jyotirao Phule |
| | He was assisted in his work by his wife, Savitribai Phule, and together they started the first school for girls belonging to the shudra and atishudra Caste in India in 1848, for which he had to leave his home. | | | He also initiated widow-remarriage and started a home for new-born infants to prevent female infanticide. |
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http://www.reference.com/browse/wiki/Mahatma_Jyotirao_Phule
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| | MANU'S INDIA - Chapter 9 of WHAT IS THIS HINDU RASHTRA ? by Sitaram Yechuri. On the Truth about the Brahmanic Dark Age ... |
| | "A servant (Shudra) should not amass wealth, even if he has the ability, for a servant (Shudra) who has amassed wealth annoys priests" (129, Chapter X).(All these quotations are from Doniger and Smith, 1991). | | | The Manusmriti then proceeds to define the outcasts and untouchables who have no place in society at all and defines their menial activities. | | | "They should give him (Shudra) the leftovers of their food, their old clothes, the spoiled parts of their grain, and their wom-out household utensils" (125, Chapter X). |
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http://www.dalitstan.org/books/yechuri/yech9.html
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| | Chapter Two |
| | This initiates the end of the merchant era and the beginning of a new shudra era. | | | Of course, the shu’dra mind of the modern era is obviously more developed than the shúdra mentality of the dark ages, or of the prehistoric era. | | | Under increased pressure due to market failure and increased difficulty to meet their basic necessities, the people under the leadership of these disgruntled intellectuals and warriors will eventually rise up and begin to take economic and social relations into their own hands. |
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http://www.prout.org/ChapterTwo.html
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| | niraj: MAP: INDIA'S MUSLIM POPULATION |
| | According to him shudras are good for nothing.But he should remember the contribution of Dr B.R.Ambedkar to our constitution which is obeyed by all the varnas in India. | | | He stated that Muslims are backward because of bearing more children.Then what he has to say about our Honourable President,who is a muslim. |
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http://www.nirajweb.net/mt/niraj/archives/001819.html
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| | iBeth: if a Shudra watches dharma and greg . . . . |
| | I can't believe I read as far as Nathan's version of the end of the story, with the tearful Laura K and the nice mom. | | | B, you've seen this, but I cannot resist linking to this ongoing saga myself. | | | Listed below are links to weblogs that reference if a Shudra watches dharma and greg. |
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http://www.bethyoung.org/ibeth/2005/03/if_a_shudra_wat.html
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| | Evening Telegraph: ICE HOCKEY: Shudra is first out of the door@ HighBeam Research |
| | ICE HOCKEY: Shudra is first out of the door | | | After two seasons in the BNL, Shudra returned to Steelers ice the season before last to help out with an injury crisis, and ended up playing more than 20 games. | | | The former NHL player, who was in the legendary Edmonton Oilers team alongside Wayne... |
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http://www.highbeam.com/library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1P1:73765653&refid=holomed_1
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| | Guru Ram Das ji |
| | When they saw Jetha working like a common labourer, they were furious and said to him. | | | "Thou hast shamed the family by performing menial service like Shudra in thy father-in-law's house. | | | Couldn't thou not obtain suitable maintenance to draw water, scrub daity vessels, and shampoo the Guru". |
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http://www.sikh-history.com/sikhhist/gurus/nanak4.html
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