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| | CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Crusades |
 | | The honour of initiating the crusade has also been attributed to Peter the Hermit, a recluse of Picardy, who, after a pilgrimage to Jerusalem and a vision in the church of the Holy Sepulchre, went to Urban II and was commissioned by him to preach the crusade. | | | The Crusades were expeditions undertaken, in fulfilment of a solemn vow, to deliver the Holy Places from Mohammedan tyranny. | | | The Venetians received half the booty; the portion of each crusader was determined according to his rank of baron, knight, or bailiff, and most of the churches of the West were enriched with ornaments stripped from those of Constantinople. |
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http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04543c.htm
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| | Crusade - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | By processions, prayers, and preaching, the Church attempted to set another crusade on foot, and the Fourth Council of the Lateran (1215) formulated a plan for the recovery of the Holy Land. | | | The Fourth Crusade was originally intended to reach the Holy Land, but was re-directed by the Venetians against Constantinople. | | | Like pilgrims, each crusader swore a vow (a votus), to be fulfilled on successfully reaching Jerusalem, and they were granted a cloth cross (crux) to be sewn into their clothes. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crusade
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| | Second Crusade - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | As in the First Crusade, the preaching inadvertently led to attacks on Jews; a fanatical German Cistercian monk named Rudolf was apparently inspiring massacres of Jews in the Rhineland, Cologne, Mainz, Worms, and Speyer, with Rudolf claiming Jews were not contributing financially to the rescue of the Holy Land. | | | Eleanor enjoyed her stay, but her uncle wanted her to remain behind and divorce Louis if the king refused to help him. | | | Louis consulted Bernard of Clairvaux, who referred him back to Eugenius. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Crusade
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| | Rejection of Pascal's Wager: The Crusades |
| | Convinced that God was on their side (apparently one of the crusaders, enlightened by numerous visions, found the holy lance that pierced Jesus side during the crucifixion [John 19:34]), surged out from the city to kill the infidels. | | | The Fourth Crusade (1201-1204) was not fought against the Muslims, instead, the crusaders sacked Constantinople, the capital of eastern Christendom! | | | Yet we can see that the crusades, torn from the myths western Christendom had endowed them with, were prime examples of religious cruelty. |
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http://www.geocities.com/paulntobin/crusades.html
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| | THE CRUSADES TO THE HOLY LAND |
| | One of the positive elements of the Crusade was the restoration of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. | | | The Crusader states lived a fragile existence, for, once the lands were conquered, most of the Crusaders, having fulfilled their vows, went home to Europe. | | | And shortly afterwards, in Jerusalem, referring to the Crusades (as well as other events), he asked God forgiveness for the sins of the Catholic Church. |
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http://www.jesuschristsavior.net/Crusades.html
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| | History of THE CRUSADES |
| | The sixth crusade (1228-1229) is led by a free-thinking eccentric among monarchs, the Holy Roman emperor Frederick II, who shocks Christendom by negotiating with the Muslims rather than fighting them. | | | The entire Muslim world surrounding the crusader territories, from Egypt to Syria, is now united in a holy cause. | | | The legacy of the crusades, conceived in a fit of aggressive idealism, is to embitter relations not only between Muslims and Christians in the Middle East, but also between western and eastern Christians nearer home. |
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http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?groupid=1793&HistoryID=ab54
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| | A Quick Guide to the Major Crusades |
| | Called at the Fourth Lateran Council, the Fifth Crusade was the second attempt by Pope Innocent III to restore Jerusalem to Christian control. | | | The Fourth Crusade therefore attacked Constantinople and raided the surrounding territories. | | | The crossing of the young Emperor Frederick II seemed to be a great boon for the Crusade, although his seemingly impending participation would in fact cast a shadow over the entire enterprise. |
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http://crusades.slu.edu/quick.htm
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| | kingsofjerusalem |
| | The procession was led by the Holy Relic of the Lance. | | | When no one but the Crusaders were left alive, they proceeded to the Holy Sepulchre to give thanks. | | | It was July 17th, and they gathered to choose a leader. |
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http://www.medievalcrusades.com/kingsofjerusalem.htm
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| | The Crusades - Features on thehistorychannel.co.uk |
| | The Sixth Crusade, 1228-29, undertaken by Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II, was simply a peaceful visit, in the course of which the emperor made a truce with the Muslims, securing the partial surrender of Jerusalem and other holy places. | | | Alexius (later Alexius IV), son of the deposed Byzantine emperor Isaac II and brother-in-law of Philip of Swabia, a sponsor of the crusade, joined the army at Zara and persuaded the leaders to help him depose his uncle, Alexius III. | | | There followed the pathetic interlude of the Children's Crusade in 1212. |
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http://www.thehistorychannel.co.uk/site/features/the_crusades-1.php
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| | The Crusades |
| | The Byzantines were in favor of a crusade because they wanted to remain economically independent, and wanted to keep their religion. | | | The Church was also strengthened as a result of its leadership in the Crusades. | | | People joined the crusades for many different reasons. |
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http://members.aol.com/Sktf1111/rs/9/crusades.htm
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| | QueenieChan.com - LiveJournal - Spotlight On: The Crusades (Part 4) |
| | Not only did it fail to make any significant gains in territory for the Frankish kingdoms, but it was also tarred by sordid rumours about the shenanigans of the nobles who led the army. | | | Upon their arrival in Antoich, they were sucked into the factionalism and ambitions of the various Christian lords already there, and ended up attempting an ill-fated siege of Damascus. | | | By the time of the First Crusade, a letter of credit can be drawn up in Islamic Spain, then later cashed in India along the Silk Road. |
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http://queeniechan.livejournal.com/5175.html
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| | The Second Crusade (from Crusades) -- Encyclopædia Britannica |
| | Text of a letter, written by Aymeric, patriarch of Antioch, to King Louis VII of France, describing the condition of Christian forces in the Middle East after the Second Crusade. | | | The movement ended in disaster, but the religious fervour it excited helped to initiate the Fifth Crusade (1218). | | | (originally Bernard of Pisa) (died 1153), pope 1145–53, born near Pisa; member of Cistercian order; forced into exile by reformer Arnold of Brescia; urged Second Crusade to Holy Land, which ended in failure; concluded Treaty of Constance in 1153 with Frederick I Barbarossa; beatified 1872; feast day July 8. |
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http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-25606
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| | Medieval Sourcebook: The Crusades |
| | Aymeric, patriarch of Antioch: The Decline of Christian Power in the Holy Land, 1164, Letter to Louis VII of France. | | | Never again was there a general multinational crusade directed at the Holy Land. | | | Guy, A Knight: Letter from the Sixth Crusade, 1249. |
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http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/sbook1k.html
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| | Crusade Chronology |
| | Jul 15, 1149: Dedication of the Crusader Church of the Holy Sepulchre | | | While by no means complete, this list of significant dates can serve those who start a quest for understanding the crusades. | | | Aug 1198: Pope Innocent III called the Fourth Crusade |
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http://people.westminstercollege.edu/faculty/mmarkowski/sscle/ssclechr.html
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| | A. Dronzek - Hist 3207 |
| | Crusading in the Age of St. Louis: Islamic Sources | | | Scholarly Approaches: Impact of the Crusades on the East | | | The End of the Crusading Kingdoms: Islamic Sources |
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http://cda.mrs.umn.edu/~dronzea/3207/schedule.html
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| | Second Crusade - definition of Second Crusade by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia. |
| | Crusade - any of the more or less continuous military expeditions in the 11-13th centuries when Christian powers of Europe tried to recapture the Holy Land from the Muslims | | | Second Crusade - definition of Second Crusade by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia. | | | This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. |
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http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Second+Crusade
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| | Medieval Sourcebook: St. Bernard: Apologia for Second Crusade |
| | The portents for the future of the Latin East were dark in 1148, but no one then could have foreseen the manner in which these portents were to be fulfilled. | | | I shall not refuse to be made ignominious, so long as God's glory is not attacked. | | | The Second Crusade, in fact, was destined to be the last Crusade in which the armies were accompanied by large groups of pilgrims and other noncombatants. |
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http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/bernard-apol.html
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| | Second Crusade |
| | After Edessa was recaptured by the Muslims in 1144, the Second Crusade was summoned by Roman bishop Eugenius III, and preached by Bernard of Clairvaux in France and Germany. | | | ¶ The Second Crusade had been promoted with great zeal and had aroused high hopes. | | | In consultation with King Baldwin III of Jerusalem and his nobles, the Crusaders decided to attack Damascus in July. |
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http://jmgainor.homestead.com/files/PU/Cru/2cr.htm
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| | Second Crusade |
| | While the Second Crusade didn't directly help the Christian presence in the Mideast, from 1153 to 1169 the Franks were again on the offensive. | | | The crusaders then attacked Damascus, a Muslim city that had been allied to the Christians until the attack. | | | Upon the arrival of Nur al-Din (Nureddin) and his forces, the crusaders gave up their siege, ending the Second Crusade. |
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http://www.umich.edu/~eng415/timeline/summaries/second_crusade.htm
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| | Medieval Sourcebook: Odo of Deuil: The Crusade of Louis VII |
| | In the year of the Incarnation of the Word one thousand one hundred forty-six, Louis, the glorious king of the Franks and duke of Aquitaine, the son of King Louis, came to Vezelay at Easter so that he might be worthy of Christ by bearing his cross after him. | | | The King met, however, with considerable opposition from his advisors, who believed that the welfare of the kingdom required that the King remain at home. | | | By the time the Crusaders reached Adalia, King Louis and his advisors had had their fill. |
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http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/odo-deuil.html
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| | Second Crusade |
| | Jul 15, 1149: Dedication of the Crusader Church of the Holy Sepulchre | | | 1146: Bernard of Clairvaux participates in preaching the crusade | | | " s-target="" i-bordersize="0" u-initialimage="images/dagger_arrow2_small.gif" clientside tag="p" u-linkurl="intro_second_crusade.htm" i-hspace="0" i-vspace="0" s-alternatetext="Introduction to the Second Crusade" u-mouseimage="images/dagger_arrow2_small_rollover.gif" --> |
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http://www.medievaltymes.com/courtyard/second_crusade.htm
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| | Crusades, Unit 2 |
| | And, of course, there will always be those who defend or try to explain away failures. | | | With the Second Crusade, however, there was a powerful precedent. | | | The call for the First Crusade was unprecedented, so there were no expectations. |
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http://crusades.boisestate.edu/Admin/unit2/dquestions.shtml
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| | Female Hero: Eleanor of Aquitaine (Women in World History Curriculum) |
| | At age 15 she married Louis VII, King of France, bringing into the union her vast possessions from the River Loire to the Pyrenees. | | | Within a year, at age thirty, she married twenty year old Henry who two years later became king of England. | | | Only a few years later, at age 19, she knelt in the cathedral of Vézelay before the celebrated Abbé Bernard of Clairvaux offering him thousands of her vassals for the Second Crusade. |
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http://www.womeninworldhistory.com/heroine2.html
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| | The Social Gospel--Part II |
| | But it's lasting significance comes from the fact that this movement provided a place for women to begin to take an active role in society. | | | The idea of compelling everyone to honor the Sabbath was one that received much attention from the churches. | | | A second crusade was centered around Sabbath observance. |
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http://www.wfu.edu/~matthetl/perspectives/twenty.html
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| | Military History: The Second Crusade |
| | The title is simple, but I could do with some help. | | | The first Crusade should never have succeeded and the fact that the 2nd Crusade failed is quite reasonable. | | | The idea that this system might be used to "project force" 1000 miles (or more) from the country of origin is really remarkable. |
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http://experts.about.com/q/Military-History-669/Second-Crusade.htm
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| | Amazon.com: The Second Crusade and the Cistercians: Books: Michael Gervers |
| | praedecessores nostri, crusader art, lost sermon, second crusade, love from afar, distant love, material sword, lower church, iuris canonici, upper church, crusading movement, semicircular apse, crusading army, chivalric ideals | | | Scholars studying the crusades have underemphasized the far-reaching changes that took place in the papacy as a result of the crusading movement in the years 1095-1147. | | | Amazon.com: The Second Crusade and the Cistercians: Books: Michael Gervers |
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http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0312056079?v=glance
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| | eBay - second crusade, Records, Nonfiction Books items on eBay.com |
| | Note: We recently made changes to enable you to view eBay search pages faster. | | | Second Crusade - May The Funk Be With You: Soul Crusade | | | Second Crusade " Love And Happiness " 12" Techno Dance |
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http://search-desc.ebay.com/search/search.dll?query=second+crusade&newu=1&...
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| | The Second Crusade - Saint Bernard |
| | Afterward he laments "We have fallen on evil days in which the Lord, provoked by our sins, has judged the world, with justice, indeed, but not with his wonted mercy." Bernard, convinced that his cause was just, concluded that the failure must have been due to the sinfulness of the crusaders. | | | Bernard himself preached the so-called "Second Crusade." An extraordinary pervasive man, he induced thousands of fighting men to put on the cross. | | | Bernard had to encounter the storm of public indignation; he was stigmatized as a lying prophet, who, by pretended inspiration and false miracles, had lured myriads to a miserable doom.. |
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http://latter-rain.com/crusades/crutwo.htm
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| | World History 1100- 1200 AD |
| | In retaliation, he began a holy war against the Crusaders. | | | This established the second Bulgarian empire which lasted until 1396. | | | The Crusade came to a disastrous end due to a lack of leadership and control. |
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http://www.multied.com/dates/1100ad.html
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| | Sixth Crusade |
| | At the Council of Ferentino in 1223, Frederick renewed his Crusader vow in the presence of the Pope, the King of Jerusalem (John of Brienne, at the time), and the Grand Masters of the Military Orders. | | | Since Emperor Frederick II had failed to fulfill his vow in the Fifth Crusade, he came under papal pressure to do so now. | | | This led to the call for a Seventh Crusade. |
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http://jmgainor.homestead.com/files/PU/Cru/6cr.htm
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| | Second Crusade - History for Kids! |
| | After the First Crusade in 1096 AD set up Christian kingdoms all along the coast of Israel and Lebanon, of course the Fatimid caliphs who had ruled that area before were very upset. | | | In Europe, people were very upset to learn that the Turks had taken Edessa. | | | The Pope ordered Bernard of Clairvaux (in France) to preach a second crusade to take it back and defeat Zangi. |
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http://historyforkids.org/learn/medieval/history/highmiddle/secondcrusade.htm
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| | Find in a Library: The Second Crusade and the Cistercians |
| | Find in a Library: The Second Crusade and the Cistercians | | | WorldCat is provided by OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. on behalf of its member libraries. |
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http://worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/ow/24f355c397e1aba0a19afeb4da09e526.html
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| | Church History: The Second Crusade: Scope and Consequences.(Book Review)(Brief Article)@ HighBeam Research |
| | The Second Crusade: Scope and Consequences, is a compilation of essays gathered from the 1998 International Medieval Congress held at the University of Leeds. | | | This compilation provides a broad analysis of the crusade in the Levant, the Baltics, and the Iberian Peninsula, and due to its scope, this collection will advance the debate and urge further discourse on the subject. | | | This material is published under license from the publisher through the Gale Group, Farmington Hills, Michigan. |
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http://www.highbeam.com/library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:95910545&refid=holomed_1
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| | Ending 'Sharecropper Math': The Second Crusade of Bob Moses |
| | The goal of his first one was to break the back of segregation in Mississippi. | | | His second aims to break through the barrier to higher math that has kept so many Black youths from succeeding in higher education and the technological world of today. | | | Bob Moses has spent most of his life running revolutions. |
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http://www.blackengineer.com/artman/publish/article_101.shtml
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| | New Catholic Dictionary: Second Crusade |
| | (1145-1147) The fall of the principality of Edessa into the hands of the Moslems, 1144, produced the second expedition which was preached by Saint Bernard, Abbot of Clairvaux, and supported by Louis VII of France, his wife Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine, and Emperor Conrad III of Germany. | | | These crusaders besieged Damascus, 1148, but never reached Edessa. |
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http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/ncd02482.htm
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| | Crusade - The Second Season |
| | Please do not copy any information off of this site without the express permission of those involved. | | | We are making no profit on this site and are simply using these items for the entertainment of the fans (and ourselves). | | | All characters, terminology, and episodes created specifically for The Crusade Virtual Seasons are the property of the writers, staff, and directors of the site. |
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http://www.pvtonline.com/crusade/second
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| | Second Crusade - Eduseek |
| | The Second Crusade, the Siege of Damascus - | | | Subjects > History > 12+ Years > Conflict and War > Medieval Wars and Conflicts > The Crusades > Second Crusade | | | Contact us : Comments and Suggestions : Map |
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http://www.eduseek.com/navigate.php?ID=108
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