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| | No. 1926: Rhetoric |
 | | Aristotle brilliantly clarifies his position in the very first sentence of his book, The Art of Rhetoric, where he refers to rhetoric as the counterpart to Plato's logic. | | | Sophist rhetoric was attacked by Plato, who believed in arguments based on logic. | | | The term used by the Greeks was rhetoric, which today not only refers to persuasive communication, but communication that is overly complex or pretentious. |
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http://www.uh.edu/engines/epi1926.htm
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| | Rhetoric |
| | Another possibility is that a rhetorical question needs no answer because the preceding discussion has already covered it: | | | Rhetoric has been studied for very many years as a result of its crucial importance, and a number of divisions have been made. | | | Now the rhetorical effect is one of trying to put into a few words something that is far bigger and too complex to capture in a single sentence. |
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http://www.galilean-library.org/int21.html
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| | Rogerian Rhetoric: An Alternative to Traditional Argumentation |
| | Traditional rhetoric as envisioned by Aristotle and by most modern textbooks on argument is typically triadic; that is, it is aimed at a third party who will judge the case on the basis of the arguments presented by competing advocates, politicians, researchers, advertisers, or other partisan arguers. | | | Rogerian rhetoric, because it privileges co-operative construction of meaning over goal-directed persuasion, the building of relationships over the winning of an argument, seems to fit neatly into the feminist perspective. | | | But the more important news is that the power of rhetoric, Rogerian or not, to heal is as powerful as its ability to persuade. |
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http://www.ucalgary.ca/~dabrent/art/rogchap.html
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| | 10140-0.txt |
| | In the second place, even in his day there were many text-books of rhetoric with which Aristotle finds fault for their incomplete and unphilosophical treatment. | | | Rhetoric as Part of Poetic Implicit in Aristotle and throughout classical literary criticism there is a clear-cut distinction between poetic and rhetoric. | | | Aristotle's rhetorical theories superseded those of the early text-books, and through the influence of his _Rhetoric_ and the teaching of his pupil Theophrastus set their seal on subsequent rhetorical theory. |
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http://www.gutenberg.org/files/10140/10140-0.txt
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| | NodeWorks - Encyclopedia: Rhetoric |
| | The rhetoric developed by Plato's student, Aristotle, presents an answer to Plato's criticisms. | | | Rhetoric thus evolved as an important art, one that provided the orator with the forms, means, and strategies of persuading an audience of the correctness of the orator's arguments. | | | Today the term rhetoric is generally used to refer only to the form of argumentation, often with the pejorative connotation that rhetoric is a means of obscuring the truth. |
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http://pedia.nodeworks.com/R/RH/RHE/Rhetoric
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| | Arachnion n. 1 - Toohey: speech-making and persuasion ... |
| | Yet, in the case of the Alexandrian writer of epic, Apollonius of Rhodes (composing after Aristotle and the major orators), the absence of speech-making, thus the absence of "primary" rhetoric is striking. | | | [1] Rhetoric may manifest itself on matters pertaining to the oratorical occasion ("primary" rhetoric) or it may also embrace the «generic and stylistic commonplace» (I take the phrase from William H. Race, Aspects of Rhetoric and Form in Classical Greek Hymns, «GRBS», 23(1982), 5-14). | | | We have seen the usefulness of rhetorical classification for this speech: it emphasizes the deliberation of its structure. |
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http://www.cisi.unito.it/arachne/num1/toohey.html
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| | Aristotle |
| | Although the surviving works of Aristotle probably represent only a fragment of the whole, they include his investigations of an amazing range of subjects, from logic, philosophy, and ethics to physics, biology, psychology, politics, and rhetoric. | | | Gordon L. Ziniewicz on the physics and metaphysics and the ethics of Aristotle. | | | Although Aristotle rejected the Platonic theory of forms, he defended his own vision of ultimate reality, including the eternal existence of substance. |
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http://www.philosophypages.com/ph/aris.htm
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| | Rhetoric and Poetry in the Renaissance |
| | In the second place, even in his day there were many text-books of rhetoric with which Aristotle finds fault for their incomplete and unphilosophical treatment. | | | But this was too philosophical for his contemporaries and successors, who saw in their own environment that in practice rhetoric was almost entirely concerned with persuading a jury that certain things were or were not so, or persuading a deliberative assembly that this or that should or should not be done. | | | “Rhetoric,” says Thomasin, “clothes our speech with beautiful colors,”[117] and he gives as his authority, “Tulljus, Quintiljan, Sidônjus,” although Apollinaris Sidonius seems to be the only one of the trio he had ever read.[118] This theory lived to a vigorous old age. |
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http://www.blackmask.com/thatway/books136c/rhetren.htm
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| | CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Homiletics |
| | The work shows an easy grasp of rhetoric, founded on the principles of Aristotle, Demetrius, and Cicero. | | | Even Gibbon, while not doing him justice, had to praise him; and his teacher of rhetoric, Libanius, is said to have intended John as his successor, "if the Christians had not taken him". | | | The last-named says that the great difference may be summed up in this: that the orator seeks personal glory, the preacher practical good. |
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http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07443a.htm
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| | Political Speech in Ancient Athens |
| | Aristotle used written rhetoric to state his ideas on government and his method of political speech, analytic speech. | | | Through studying rhetoric and political speech in Athens it becomes apparent that these language skills were so effective in government that all of its great teachers could not avoid involvement in politics. | | | Rhetoric was thought of as an art because it allowed men to express themselves through more than just facts and solid knowledge but also through emotions. |
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http://www.richeast.org/htwm/Greeks/porter/Rhetdos.html
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| | NOTES |
| | (These are issues that Aristotle takes up in a markedly different fashion in the Rhetoric.) In addition, Plato charged: (1) rhetoric is the simple knack of producing pleasure; (2) it is merely a species of flattery; and (3) the power to move minds is evil since it often feeds on the ignorance of the audience. | | | To illustrate the point that rhetoric is an inherent part of our everyday lives, we considered how accumulation, the first term in our glossary, tends to occur in a rhetorical situation in which one person passes judgment on another by cataloging his or her failures or achievements (the former is a type of | | | In a rhetorical analysis, of course, the "details" will include the rhetorical strategies and stylistic devices identified in our course text and in our glossary. |
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http://www.nt.armstrong.edu/RNOTESAR1.htm
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| | Philosophers : Aristotle |
| | Aristotle held philosophy to be the discerning, through the use of systematic logic as expressed in syllogisms, of the self-evident, changeless first principles that form the basis of all knowledge. | | | Aristotle's work was lost following the decline of Rome but was reintroduced to the West through the work of Arab and Jewish scholars, becoming the basis of medieval scholasticism. | | | His extant writings, largely in the form of lecture notes made by his students, include the Organum (treatises on logic); Physics; Metaphysics; De Anima [on the soul]; Nicomachean Ethics and Eudemian Ethics; Politics; De Poetica; Rhetoric; and works on biology and physics. |
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http://www.trincoll.edu/depts/phil/philo/phils/aristotle.html
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| | Aristotle |
| | Although the surviving works of Aristotle probably represent only a fragment of the whole, they include his investigations of an amazing range of subjects, from logic, philosophy, and ethics to physics, biology, psychology, politics, and rhetoric. | | | Gordon L. Ziniewicz on the physics and metaphysics and the ethics of Aristotle. | | | Although Aristotle rejected the Platonic theory of forms, he defended his own vision of ultimate reality, including the eternal existence of substance. |
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http://www.philosophypages.com/ph/aris.htm
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| | A Handbook of Rhetorical Devices |
| | Aristotle says in his Rhetoric, "It is metaphor above all else that gives clearness, charm, and distinction to the style." And Joseph Addison says of it: | | | Sometimes the desired answer to the rhetorical question is made obvious by the discussion preceding it: | | | Rhetorical question (erotesis) differs from hypophora in that it is not answered by the writer, because its answer is obvious or obviously desired, and usually just a yes or no. It is used for effect, emphasis, or provocation, or for drawing a conclusionary statement from the facts at hand. |
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http://www.virtualsalt.com/rhetoric.htm
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| | News letter |
| | Now, regarding the "structure" of the classical oration--if you consult Aristotle's _On Rhetoric_, Quintilian's _Institutio Oratoria_, or [pseudo-Cicero's] Rhetorica ad Herennium, you'll find different discussions of structure, all of which fell under the classical canons of Arrangement and Style (and occasionally under Delivery). | | | However, if you look at Aristotle's Rhetoric, Book 3, Chapter 13, you will see a list of four basic parts of any oration: | | | For classical orators, it was the art of rhetoric that allowed the orator to discover the best means of arrangement. |
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http://mypage.siu.edu/billkim1/englishtips.htm
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| | COMS 327 Interactive Research Database |
| | 3 Kinds of Rhetoric According to Aristotle by Jacob Goldstein, 2001, Mar 17 | | | Aristotle, Empedocles, and the Notion of Rhetoric by R. Enos by Ligia Toutant, 2001, Mar 04 | | | More notes on Rhetoric by Carol Kayed, 2001, Feb 25 |
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http://hyper.vcsun.org/HyperNews/battias/get/cs327/ird.html
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| | The Art of Rhetoric: Ethos, Logos, and Pathos |
| | According to Aristotle, rhetoric is "the ability, in each particular case, to see the available means of persuasion." He described three main forms of rhetoric: Ethos, Logos, and Pathos. | | | To learn more about rhetorical appeals see the Rhetoric Collection from Carnegie-Mellon University | | | ---> Rhetoric (n) - the art of speaking or writing effectively. |
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http://www.rpi.edu/dept/llc/webclass/web/project1/group4
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| | Rhetoric: Classical Rhetoric |
| | An online version of Aristotle's Rhetoric is based on the translation of noted classical scholar W. Rhys Roberts. | | | The Sophist is not merely a teacher of rhetoric for a fee, but an ideal of Plato's in which the falsehood of all mankind is reflected. | | | A website with primary texts, criticism and discussion of Cicero's rhetorics. |
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http://rhetoric.eserver.org/categories/history/classical
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| | << Journals Division of UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO PRESS >> |
| | Plato had denigrated rhetoric as counterfeit philosophy, and Aristotle is hardly less flattering, striking in his delivery the posture of magisterial fastidiousness that Zeus might assume while acknowledging a distasteful but undeniable love-child by Apollo out of Fraud. | | | Rhetoric is the alternative to logic necessitated by open systems; ones not amenable to the certainties of logic where a closed system allows premises to undergo systemic proof of their truth or falsehood within fixed procedures that deliver a conclusion imbued with the certainty of a priori definition. | | | Specifically, I should like to take issue with his limiting the methods of rhetorical proof, predictably, inevitably to three: ethos, pathos, and logos. |
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http://www.utpjournals.com/jour.ihtml?lp=product/utq/614/614_dixon.htm
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| | Bibliography : Aristotle's Rhetoric |
| | Aristotle's Organon in Epitome, the Poetics, the Rhetoric, the Analytics: Aristotle's Tool-Kit | | | Gabin, Rosalind J. "Aristotle and the New Rhetoric: Grimaldi and Valesio. | | | Counterpoint: Kenneth Burke and Aristotle's Theories of Rhetoric |
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http://www.public.iastate.edu/~honeyl/Rhetoric/cite.html
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| | MSN Encarta - Search View - Rhetoric |
| | The Greek philosopher Aristotle, in his work Rhetoric, defined the function of rhetoric as being, not that of persuasion, but rather that of “discovering all the available means of persuasion,” thereby emphasizing the winning of an argument by persuasive marshaling of truth, rather than the swaying of an audience by an appeal to their emotions. | | | The Lectures on Rhetoric (1783) by the Scottish clergyman Hugh Blair achieved considerable popularity in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, as did the Philosophy of Rhetoric (1776) by the Scottish theologian George Campbell and the Elements of Rhetoric (1828) by the British logician Richard Whately. | | | The actual founder of rhetoric as a science is said to be Corax of Syracuse, who in the 5th century bc defined rhetoric as the “artificer of persuasion” and composed the first handbook on the art of rhetoric. |
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http://encarta.msn.com/text_761574514__1/Rhetoric.html
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| | Classical Greek Rhetoric: Leadership Essay -- Aristotle |
| | In chapter two, he defines rhetoric as, “Let rhetoric be [defined as] an ability, in each [particular] case, to see the available means of persuasion” (Aristotle. | | | Kennedy, George A., Aristotle On Rhetoric: A theory of civic discourse. | | | I have memorized this definition in the past as, rhetoric = all the available means of persuasion. |
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http://spcm4210.blogspot.com/2005/04/leadership-essay-aristotle.html
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| | Aristotle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | In philosophy, Aristotle wrote on aesthetics, ethics, government, metaphysics, politics, psychology, rhetoric and theology. | | | Aristotle was born at Stageira, a colony of Andros on the Macedonian peninsula of Chalcidice in 384 BC. | | | Aristotle was probably influenced by his father's medical knowledge; when he went to Athens at the age of 18, he was likely already trained in the investigation of natural phenomena. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle
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| | abstract.php?id=299 |
| | Indeed, in the passage from the Rhetoric quoted above, Aristotle makes that connection explicit when he asserts that an ability to aim at commonly held opinions (dio pros ta endoxa stochastikos) is characteristic of one who also has a similar ability with regard to truth. | | | While the target/telos distinction impinges on various senses of practical wisdom, I suggest that it involves a different line of argument concerning rhetoric's character as an art and relationship to moral philosophy. | | | This paper traces the idea of a stochastic art in Aristotle and the Stoics. |
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http://www.keeline.com/rhetoric/review/abstract.php?id=299
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| | Nicomachean Ethics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | This concentration on ethics probably started as a response to sophism, which was a popular school of thought at the time that emphasized rhetoric, moral relativism and argument against traditional Greek religion (they used rhetoric to argue against many other traditions too). | | | Scholars assume that the Nicomachean Ethics and the Eudemian Ethics were either edited by or dedicated to Aristotle's son and pupil Nicomachus, and his disciple Eudemus respectively. | | | It is thought that the Eudemian Ethics represents Aristotle's early ethical theory, and the Nicomachean Ethics appears to build upon its counterpart. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicomachean_Ethics
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| | Resources |
| | Aristotle: Notes on On Rhetoric, Book I, by J. Comas | | | Rhetoric and the Idea of Dialectical Reasoning in Aristotle, | | | University of Nebraska at Lincoln: PhD in Rhetoric |
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http://www.nt.armstrong.edu/resources.htm
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| | Preliminary Exams, Visual Rhetoric, 24-hour |
| | Unlike Halloran, who seems to work against Aristotle in this respect, she argues that her approach is actually reviving Aristotle’s treatment of figures of speech and lines of argument in Rhetoric. | | | Thus rhetoric is used in this study to illuminate scientific arguments, but more important here, scientific arguments are used to illuminate rhetoric.&; (viii) | | | Fahnestock devotes most of her ambitious and careful scholarship in Rhetorical Figures in Science to documenting a copia of instances in which antithesis, incrementum and gradatio, antimetabole, and ploche and polyptoton are constitutive of argument. |
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http://www.tc.umn.edu/~hanga001/Prelims/RhetoricofScience-24hr-2.htm
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| | Rhetoric Society Quarterly: Logos and Power in Isocrates and Aristotle |
| | To study philosophia, as denned by Isocrates, is to acquire a working knowledge of culture and to develop one's practical wisdom, both activities that Aristotle places outside the scope of rhetoric. | | | In Logos and Power in Isocrates and Aristotle she employs every ounce of her considerable scholarly acumen in the most systematic attempt yet made to effect a regime change in the kingdom of classical rhetoric. | | | Isocrates' brand of education apparently did not focus on the theoretical precepts of rhetoric, but instead immersed students in Athenian political and ceremonial oratory and encouraged creative mimesis. |
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http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa4142/is_200410/ai_n9464002
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| | The Rhetorical Art of Fencing With Humor |
| | According to Aristotle, “rhetoric is the art of discovering the means of persuasion available for any occasion” (Bizzell and Herzberg 30). | | | There are specific rules a rhetorician must follow when using humor lest he or she misuse the rhetorical device and have it backfire from the intended purpose. | | | Misuse of humor by a rhetorician could be disastrous to the point that not only is the ethical appeal, gained through pathos, lost but the audience will see that, according to Edward Corbett, “their wit is merely a cloak for a weak or specious argument” (Corbett 305). |
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http://students.uwsp.edu/tcedo167/the.htm
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