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| | Medieval Theories of Practical Reason |
 | | When Kant describes practical reason as a necessary law for all rational beings, whose actions are always to be judged according to maxims completely bound to the concept of the will of a rational being, one may see parallels to the Franciscan doctrine of the autonomy of the will. | | | Since the goal of practical reason is action not knowledge, the truth attained by the intellect must be caused by its conformity to right desire. | | | In operative reasoning there is not the same truth or practical rectitude according to its proper , but only according to its common principles. |
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http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/practical-reason-med
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| | Objectivism and Thomas Jefferson: Reason-1 |
| | What this says, then, is that reason as an abstract entity, unrelated to anything practical and experienced in the real world, is absolute. | | | Only the best, most convincing arguments of reason can bring us to a decision on such vital questions, and even then, a generally agreed conclusion can be overturned by better more convincing reason. | | | Reasoning is not just an individual, but a group effort when employed in politics, and it frequently requires some individuals to compromise on the conclusions reached by their own reason. |
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http://www.geocities.com/Athens/7842/otj10.htm
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| | critique-of-practical-reaso.txt |
| | This work is called the Critique of Practical Reason, not of the pure practical reason, although its parallelism with the speculative critique would seem to require the latter term. | | | The critique, then, of practical reason generally is bound to prevent the empirically conditioned reason from claiming exclusively to furnish the ground of determination of the will. | | | But reason must cognise causality with respect to the actions of the will in the sensible world in a definite manner; otherwise, practical reason could not really produce any action. |
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http://eserver.org/philosophy/kant/critique-of-practical-reaso.txt
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| | Medieval Theories of Practical Reason |
| | When Kant describes practical reason as a necessary law for all rational beings, whose actions are always to be judged according to maxims completely bound to the concept of the will of a rational being, one may see parallels to the Franciscan doctrine of the autonomy of the will. | | | Since the goal of practical reason is action not knowledge, the truth attained by the intellect must be caused by its conformity to right desire. | | | In operative reasoning there is not the same truth or practical rectitude according to its proper , but only according to its common principles. |
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http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/practical-reason-med
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| | Greek Philosophy [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy] |
| | Like Stoicism, it is also practical in its ends, proposing to find in reason and knowledge the secret of a happy life, and admitting abstruse learning only where it serves the ends of practical wisdom. | | | It emanates from itself, as if from the reflection of its own being, reason, wherein is contained the infinite store of ideas. | | | Anaxagoras of Clazomenae (born about 500 BCE) also maintained the existence of an ordering principle as well as a material substance, and while regarding the latter as an infinite multitude of imperishable primary elements, qualitatively distinguished, he conceived divine reason or Mind (nous) as ordering them. |
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http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/g/greekphi.htm
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| | Reason |
| | Critique of Practical Reason The Critique of Practical Reason is the second of Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic... | | | Fellowship of Reason The Fellowship of Reason is a supernatural, he nonetheless thinks that churches serve a useful func... | | | Rite and Reason Rite and Reason is the weekly religious column in Jewish leaders, theologians from all faiths and journa... |
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http://www.brainyencyclopedia.com/topics/reason.html
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| | SECTION VII. Critique of all Theology based upon Speculative Principles of Reason |
| | In this view, the theoretical employment of reason is that by which I cognize a priori (as necessary) that something is, while the practical is that by which I cognize a priori what ought to happen. | | | We shall at some future time show that the moral laws not merely presuppose the existence of a Supreme Being, but also, as themselves absolutely necessary in a different relation, demand or postulate it- although only from a practical point of view. | | | For this reason its condition cannot be regarded as absolutely necessary, but merely as relatively necessary, or rather as needful; the condition is in itself and a priori a mere arbitrary presupposition in aid of the cognition, by reason, of the conditioned. |
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http://www.rbjones.com/rbjpub/philos/classics/kant/kant131.htm
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| | CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Ethics |
| | Practical philosophy, on the other hand, concerns itself with what ought to be, or with the order of acts which are human and which therefore depend upon our reason. | | | Ethics is pre-eminently practical and directive; for it orders the activity of the will, and the latter it is which sets all the other faculties of man in motion. | | | Logic and ethics are normative and practical sciences, because they prescribe norms or rules for human activities and show how, accordng to these norms, a man ought to direct his actions. |
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http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05556a.htm
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| | Reason |
| | Critique of Practical Reason The Critique of Practical Reason is the second of Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic... | | | Rite and Reason Rite and Reason is the weekly religious column in Jewish leaders, theologians from all faiths and journa... | | | Fellowship of Reason The Fellowship of Reason is a supernatural, he nonetheless thinks that churches serve a useful func... |
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http://www.brainyencyclopedia.com/topics/reason.html
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| | Philosophy: hot major at two-year college csmonitor.com |
| | It thrives at a two-year community college in an era when students are increasingly practical-minded and career-oriented, perhaps for good reason. | | | But on the third floor of the serpentine structure that houses most of the college, George Cronk, head of Bergen's philosophy and religion department, is joined in his office by two colleagues. | | | In 1972, when Cronk arrived on this 167-acre campus with its lush golf course, philosophy and religion were obscured within another department. |
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http://www.csmonitor.com/2004/0831/p12s02-legn.html
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| | SECTION III. Of the Arguments employed by Speculative Reason in Proof of the Existence of a Supreme Being |
| | The equilibrium of doubt would in this case be destroyed by a practical addition; indeed, Reason would be compelled to condemn herself, if she refused to comply with the demands of the judgement, no superior to which we know- however defective her understanding of the grounds of these demands might be. | | | Such is the argument by which reason justifies its advances towards a primal being. | | | As regards the order in which we must discuss those arguments, it will be exactly the reverse of that in which reason, in the progress of its development, attains to them- the order in which they are placed above. |
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http://www.rbjones.com/rbjpub/philos/classics/kant/kant126.htm
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| | Dissent Magazine - Winter 2004 |
| | Does it matter that the secular and religious proponents of the Alabama tax plan might not necessarily have recognized one another's reasons as persuasive? | | | It in no way diminishes the public character of the state's fiscal policy that Riley and conceivably a significant portion of Alabama voters viewed his tax plan as a practical expression of the biblical injunction to succor the poor. | | | But theists do not violate the functional separation of church and state merely by explaining their own political stance in terms of their conscientious beliefs. |
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http://www.dissentmagazine.org/menutest/articles/wi04/newman.htm
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| | Thomistic Institute 1999: Martin |
| | In the first place, the phrases quoted from Hume relate more to practical reason than to speculative reason - though we could have a nice little argument about "scientia speculativa de practicis", if we wanted - while the encyclical seems to relate more obviously to speculative reason. | | | Which reason?" I will leave faith on one side and speak of reason. | | | There is no doubt in my mind that the work of the middle Kripke can be a starting place for the establishment of true first principles of reason. |
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http://www.nd.edu/Departments/Maritain/ti99/martin.htm
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| | Amazon.com: Critique of Pure Reason: Books: Immanuel Kant,Werner S. Pluhar,Patricia Kitcher |
| | Buy this book with Critique of Practical Reason (Hackett Classics... | | | CAPs: Critique of Judgment, Norman Kemp Smith, Heinz Heimsoeth, Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science, Critique of Practical Reason (more) | | | Critique of Judgment, Norman Kemp Smith, Heinz Heimsoeth, Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science, Critique of Practical Reason, Karl Ameriks, Analytic of Principles, David Hume, Gerd Buchdahl, New York, Hans Vaihinger, Kants Kritik, The Antinomy of Pure Reason Section, Clarendon Press, Also Gottfried Martin, Concluding Comment, Immanuel Kant, New Haven, Yale University Press |
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http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0872202577?v=glance
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| | Security of the Believer #10: Characteristics of Fellowship: Communication, Contribution, and Companionship |
| | The reason we are discussing this matter of fellowship at this particular time is that we have been pointing out to you from the Word of God the impossibility of losing our salvation which God so graciously gives. | | | Fellowship is the thing which makes our salvation worthwhile, the thing that makes our salvation practical, and the thing that makes us joyful in the Lord. | | | The word fellowship was translated ``communication" in Philemon, verse 6, where the apostle was praying that Philemon's faith might be communicated, that it might be effective. |
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http://livingbiblestudies.org/study/JT25/010.html
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| | Iraq, War, and Oil, Lynne Kiesling |
| | Through practical and innovative approaches to complex problems, Reason seeks to change the way people think about issues, and promote policies that allow and encourage individuals and voluntary institutions to flourish. | | | if you have questions about the Reason Foundation. | | | REASON HAS MOVED TO RPPI.org is no longer being updated. |
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http://www.rppi.org/isitabouttheoil.html
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| | Recommended Reading & Resources - Apologetics Resource Center (ARC) |
| | Reasoning from the Scriptures with the Jehovah's Witnesses | | | Reasonable Faith, William Lane Craig, Crossway Books, 1984. | | | The Death of Truth: Responding to Multiculturalism, Rejection of Reason, and the Postmodern Diversity |
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http://www.arcapologetics.org/reading.htm
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| | Critique of Pure Reason - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | It is often referred to as Kant's "first critique", and was followed by the Critique of Practical Reason and the Critique of Judgment. | | | The Critique of Pure Reason is an attempt to answer two questions: "What do we know?" and "How do we know it?". | | | The Critique of Pure Reason (Kritik der reinen Vernunft), first published in 1781 with a second edition in 1787, is widely regarded as the most influential and widely read work of the German philosopher Immanuel Kant and one of the most influential and important in the entire history of Western philosophy. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critique_of_Pure_Reason
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| | CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Age of Reason |
| | This, as a rule, happens at the age of seven, or thereabouts, though the use of reason requisite for moral discernment may come before, or may be delayed until notably after, that time. | | | The obligation of Easter Communion literally understood applies to all who have reached "the years of discretion"; but according to the practical interpretation of the Church it is not regarded as binding children just as soon as they are seven years old. | | | At this age Christians come under the operation of ecclesiastical laws, such as the precept of assistance at Mass on Sundays and holydays, abstinence from meat on certain days, and annual confessions, should they have incurred mortal sin. |
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http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01209a.htm
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| | MinistryWatch Summary Report |
| | Stand to Reason (STR) is a Christian organization whose vision is to provide the training to build a new generation of confident, courageous, yet winsome and attractive ambassadors for Christ capable of restoring credibility to the Christian world view. | | | Public Speaking and Seminars: STR will offer talks, courses and seminars (Master's Series, annual conference, etc.) geared towards helping Christians gain the practical tools they need to make a difference in their world, giving them both the knowledge and the confidence to be players again in the world of ideas. | | | Outposts: STR outposts are small groups of Christians who want to cultivate the intellect in the study and defense of their faith who gather together in study groups. |
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http://www.ministrywatch.com/mw2.1/F_SumRpt.asp?EIN=000001492
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| | the logic of ethics - abelard; with commentary on Abelard's ethical teaching |
| | He distinguishes moral virtues determined by the irrational, from intellectual virtues determined by the rational soul (Nichomachian ethics of Aristotle*); what we would perhaps call instinct and reason. | | | That does not mean that religions have not provided a useful and valuable service to the advance of humanity. | | | the logic of ethics - abelard; with commentary on Abelard's ethical teaching |
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http://www.abelard.org/ethics.htm
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| | Practical reason - Art History Online Reference and Guide |
| | In philosophy, practical reason is the application of reason to deciding what to do (reason involved in decision-making or action), as opposed to, for example, deciding whether Isaac Newton 's physics is superior to the continental vortex physics; that would be theoretical reason (sometimes called speculative reason). | | | Practical reason - Your Art History Reference Guide! | | | Practical reason - Art History Online Reference and Guide |
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http://www.arthistoryclub.com/art_history/Practical_reason
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| | Speculative reason - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Practical reason, on the other hand, is that power of the mind engaged in ethical matters, and is therefore also referred to as moral reason, because it involves action, decision, and particulars. | | | Speculative reason is theoretical (or logical, deductive) thought (sometimes called theoretical reason), as opposed to practical (active, willing) thought. | | | Speculative reason provides the universal, necessary principles of logic, such as the principle of contradiction, which must apply everywhere, regardless of the specifics of the situation. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speculative_reason
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| | Glossary of Terms: Re |
| | In Hegel's system, Reason is the unity of Consciousness-as-such and Self-Conciousness (and so negates itself as the Theoretical Spirit and the Practical Spirit) and becomes Objective Spirit – all the phenomena of history, politics, culture and so on – all, according to Hegel, the work of Reason. | | | Reason is often contrasted with Experience (as in the dispute between Rationalism and Empiricism) and with Intellect, which in this context refers to the aspect of cognition in which concepts remain stable and provide the basis for interpretation of experience. | | | Philosophers commonly debate: is the knowledge reasoning creates independent of the material world, or derivative from it? |
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http://www.marxists.org/glossary/terms/r/e.htm
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| | BCC Internet Threads- Broward Community College |
| | All the interests of my reason, speculative as well as practical, combine in the three following questions: | | | The Metaphysics of Virtual Reality is a cooperative philosophical endeavor initiated by Michael Heim. |
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http://www.broward.edu/threads/socsci.jsp
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| | Hammer Rite |
| | There are also some good practical reasons, such as announcing, "We are now in business, please stop chatterin g and pay attention!" And doing a grand hammer rite is good theater, which should not be underestimated. | | | And there is no reason to not to use a different version each time, according to the needs of the occasion. | | | There are several good symbolic reasons to include it in a larger ritual, such as for warding or hallowing (depending on your preferences). |
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http://www.reeves-hall.org/hammer.htm
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| | Principle of Sufficient Reason |
| | Condition (2) detaches the intelligibility of our actions from their having been caused—if an action is intelligible in the light of character and practical reason, then the issue of whether it is causally determined need not concern us. | | | Perhaps a sufficient cause would be a sufficient reason, but are all sufficient reasons sufficient causes?] | | | Since human actions are themselves events, PSR would entail that every action has a sufficient reason, and PS, that every action has a sufficient cause. |
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http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~loyhc/ph109/Principle_of_Sufficient_Reason.html
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| | AskOxford: reason |
| | 5 what is right, practical, or possible: I’ll answer anything, within reason. | | | it stands to reason it is obvious or logical. | | | listen to reason be persuaded to act sensibly. |
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http://www.askoxford.com/concise_oed/reason?view=uk
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| | Philosophical Dictionary: Ramsey-Reification |
| | Also see SEP on medieval theories of practical rationality and historicist theories of rationality, and CE. | | | Reason and Nature: Essays in the Theory of Rationality | | | Reason and Culture: The Historic Role of Rationality and Rationalism |
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http://www.philosophypages.com/dy/r.htm
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