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| | The Inquisition |
 | | The popes claimed that they were doing God a service and by putting to death those who would not convert to the Roman Catholic religion they fulfill the words of Jesus who had foretold. | | | Pope Innocent III first sent out the monks of Citeaux among the Albigenses but their manifold attempts to convert the Christians by portraying the life of the dead saints before them failed so the pope from his Vatican dispatched two more pious ambassadors to the Albigenses mission field. | | | Of The inquisition was one of the cruel weapons in the hands of popes who sanction torture in an attempt to force the conversion of bible believing Christians and Torah believing Jews to bow down to all of the pagan impregnated creeds of the Roman Catholic church. |
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http://www.compusmart.ab.ca/rprince/murders.htm
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| | Encyclopedia: Pope Innocent II |
| | The Pope is the Catholic Bishop and patriarch of Rome, and head of the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Catholic Churches. | | | September 24, 1143), was Pope from 1130-1143, and was probably one of the clergy in personal attendance on the antipope Clement III (Guibert of Ravenna). | | | The second Lateran, and tenth ecumenical council was held by Pope Innocent II in April 1139, and was attended by close on a thousand clerics. |
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http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Pope-Innocent-II
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| | CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Bl. Urban II |
| | This time the pope took up his residence in the fortress of the Frangipani, a family which had remained faithful to him and which was entrenched under the Palatine near the Church of Sta. | | | Those who were unfitted for the expedition were forbidden to undertake it, and the faithful were exhorted to take the advice of their bishops and priests before starting. | | | The synod met in the Church of Notre-Dame du Port and began by reiterating the Gregorian Decrees against simony, investiture, and clerical marriage. |
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http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15210a.htm
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| | CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Pius II |
| | As rumours had been circulated that the sultan doubted the faith of Islam, the pope attempted to convert him to the Christian faith. | | | Not only was he constantly solicitous for the peace of Christendom against Islam, but he also instituted a commission for the reform of the Roman court, seriously endeavoured to restore monastic discipline, and defended the doctrine of the Church against the writings of Reginald Peacock, the former Bishop of Chichester. | | | But in vain did he address to him in 1461 a letter, in which were set forth the claims of Christianity on his belief. |
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http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12126c.htm
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| | History of the Mass (16histot.htm) |
| | It was Calixtus who had approved the foundation of the Knights of St. John, known to many as the Hospitallers, the Order of Knights-Templars both of which would carry out many of the duties of the Crusaders along with the Teutonic Knights who were known for their fearlessness. | | | This last concession, which Calixtus agreed to, would come back to haunt future popes, but for the present, it sufficed for it brought to closure the long-standing battle between the empire and the Church over the lay investiture issue. | | | After clearing the air, Henry met Calixtus at Worms to draw up a concordat or diet which agreed to a settlement between the Holy Roman Emperor and Holy Mother Church whereby the former would agree to all the Church asked for while not demeaning the prestige of the emperor. |
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http://www.dailycatholic.org/16histot.htm
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| | CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Callistus II |
| | Here it was agreed that a general truce should be proclaimed between the emperor and his rebellious subjects; that the Church should have free use of her possessions; that the lands of those in rebellion should be restored, and peace with the Church permanently established with the least possible delay. | | | As to the great influence of the reign of Callistus II on the policy of the Church there can be no dispute. | | | He established the Church of Vienne as the metropolitan church of the adjoining ecclesiastical provinces (1120), thereby ending in favour of the former (that he still held as pope) the ancient controversy between Vienne and Arles. |
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http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03185a.htm
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| | Pope Pius Ii |
| | The failings of other popes have most frequently been those of the priest, and therefore in the true sense of the term inhuman. | | | The pope did his best: he addressed an eloquent letter to the sultan urging him to become a Christian. | | | The papal states were at this time greatly troubled by rebellious barons and marauding condottieri, but these evils graually abated. |
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http://www.wikiverse.org/pope-pius-ii
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| | Calixtus II- WordWeb dictionary definition |
| | Pope who in 1122 forced the Holy Roman Emperor Henry V to sign a concordat that recognized the right of the church to choose its own leadership (died in 1124) | | | Type of: Bishop of Rome, Catholic Pope, Holy Father, pontiff, pope, Roman Catholic Pope, Vicar of Christ |
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http://www.annlewis.net/en/CALIXTUSII
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| | Chapter 8: Saint James's Catapult |
| | The case was rather that the popes commanded an arsenal of weapons which they might be brought to share with those who had need of them, who asked for them and who (not least) could pay for them. | | | The pope's allusion to the [215] abuse of the pallium might suggest that Diego had worn it on feasts other than those laid down in the bull by which the distinction had been granted to him twenty years earlier. | | | Not only was bishop Maurice a protégé of archbishop Bernardo of Toledo, but in addition pope Urban II had in 1088 granted the archbishop of Toledo metropolitan powers over any restored bishopric in Christian Spanish territory whose metropolitan church remained in Islamic hands. |
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http://libro.uca.edu/sjc/sjc8.htm
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| | © Hesso Scholasticus's account of the negotiationsbetween Calixtus II and Henry V (1119) |
| | I Calixtus the second, by God's grace catholic bishop of the Roman church give true peace to H. the emperor of the Romans and augustus, and to all who were or are with him against the church. | | | I, H. by the grace of God emperor of the Romans and augustus for the love of God and St Peter and the lord pope Calixtus renounce all investitures of all churches and grant true peace to all who have been on the side of the church since this quarrel began. | | | For the lord pope does not seek to diminish the status of the empire or the crown of the kingdom, as some sowers of discord claim. |
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http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/~jfec/cal/papacy/document/doc_414x.htm
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| | Beears' Presentation |
| | Rodrigo was elected Pope in 1492, at the death of Innocent VIII. | | | Interestingly, however, is the fact that since the 14th century, rulers in Spain had been going by the titles "Patron of the Holy Places" and "King of Jerusalem". | | | He was known as a very religious man, odd in those days of the Popes. |
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http://muweb.millersville.edu/~columbus/papers/beears.html
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| | 3rd Elijah/Elisha-figures: Abelard & Arnold (continued) |
| | But he has been faulted for holding only the individual church leadership but not the church itself responsible for the atrocities committed under its auspice, that is, he made no apology for the church itself, which he holds blameless. | | | There was a very significant and symbolic incident during this period in which he, at the behest of former students who desired his instruction, left his monastery and set up a camp "in the wilderness", a regular Succoth (Feast of Tabernacles) habitation, which he called | | | He is, of course, the golden cup in the hands of the whore church represented in the vision |
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http://www.urantiagate.com/abelard-arnold2.html
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| | 2000 Years: Relations Between Catholics and Jews Before and After Vatican II |
| | POPE PAUL VI 1.In our time, when day by day mankind is being drawn closer together, and the ties between different peoples are becoming stronger, the Church examines more closely he relationship to non- Christian religions. | | | Conversely, he contends that the "Catholic faith is rooted in the eternal truths of the Hebrew Scriptures and in the irrevocable covenant made with Abraham" (Fisher Klenicki On Jews and Judaism 13). | | | In October 1974, Pope Paul VI instituted the "Commission for the Catholic Church's Religious Relations with the Jews," with Johannes Cardinal Willebrands as its President. |
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http://www.arthurstreet.com/2000YEARS.htm
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| | Concordat of Worms -- Encyclopædia Britannica |
| | Paschal II (originally Raniero) (died 1118), pope 1099–1118; continued First Crusade and the reforms of Pope Gregory VII; embroiled in Investiture Controversy, struggle over whether popes or secular rulers should appoint bishops; fought bitterly with Holy Roman Emperor Henry V; concessions made to Henry enraged bishops; privilege of investiture was granted, then later revoked; issue... | | | His conflict with Pope Gregory VII over which of them could appoint high clergy was not resolved until 1122 at the Concordat of Worms, during the reign of Henry's son, Henry V. worm | | | This judgment is certainly fair, but it does not do justice to the impact that the settlement had on the church as well as on civil society. |
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http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?eu=79589
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| | The Investiture Controversy |
| | And I grant true peace to our master pope Calixtus, and to the holy Roman church, and to all those who are or have been on its side. | | | For the wisdom of the holy fathers committed even Julian the apostate not to themselves, but to God alone, to be judged and to be deposed. | | | For himself the true pope, Peter, also exclaims: "Fear God, honour the king." But thou who does not fear God, dost dishonour in me his appointed one. |
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http://history.hanover.edu/courses/excerpts/211inv.html
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| | Concordat - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | A concordat is an agreement between the pope and a government or sovereign on religious matters. | | | Concordat of 1925 between the Holy See and the Republic of Poland | | | Reichskonkordat (1933) between the Holy See and the Third Reich |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concordat
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| | History of the Mass (17histot.htm) |
| | They were in the majority, but they were being threatened by the younger group of red hats who sought inner reform within the Church and felt the older cardinals were an obstacle to their liberal agenda. | | | This is not unlike today when there are many cardinals and bishops with an even more liberal bent who oppose the conservative prelates and Pope John Paul II. | | | The Holy See had gained greatly in prestige throughout all of Europe. |
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http://www.dailycatholic.org/17histot.htm
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| | Pope Callixtus I : Pope Calixtus I |
| | It was ably the Divine Right of Kings by the James I.; and a Spanish monk who Inquisition to retract it publicly in the place where he had sanctioned it. | | | A spot on which he had built an oratory was claimed by tavern keepers, but the Emperor decided that the worship of any god was better than a tavern. | | | Callixtus established the practice of the absolution of all repented sins. |
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http://www.explainthis.info/po/pope-calixtus-i.html
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| | Pope Paschal-II (d. 1118) |
| | The problem remained unsolved until 1122, when Pope Calixtus II concluded the Concordat of Worms, which secured peace between the church and the empire. | | | Although Paschal fostered the First Crusade and followed Gregory's great policies of church reform, his pontificate was dominated by the Investiture Controversy—the long conflict between popes and secular rulers over control of ecclesiastical appointments. | | | He entered a monastery as a boy and was made cardinal by Pope St. Gregory VII. |
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http://www.hfac.uh.edu/gbrown/philosophers/leibniz/BritannicaPages/PopePaschal-II/PopePaschal-II.html
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| | A Translation of the Chronicle of the Abbey of Morigny, France, C. 1100-1150 |
| | It also discusses the intrigues and scandals of churches and churchmen vying for money, power, and influence both locally and as far as Rome where a pope and an antipope grappled for control of the Roman Church. | | | [The Shield of Faith: The Election of Pope Calixtus II at Cluny, 1119] | | | [Sword of the Church: Innocent II Annuls the Decrees of Peter Leo] |
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http://www.booksmatter.com/b0773466371.htm
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| | Reli 137 lecture 5 |
| | The name of the Codex comes from a fictitious letter of Pope Calixtus II on folio 1 (Guido of Burgundy: Concordat of Worms, 1122) | | | Name from Fictitious Letter of Pope Calixtus II on folio 1 | | | A compilation in five Books, preceded by a pseudepigraphal letter. |
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http://www.unc.edu/courses/2004fall/reli/137/001/lecture5.html
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| | CALIXTUS II |
| | Thus while the principle of spiritual independence was saved, the legitimate rights of civil rulers to some control over fiefs was safeguarded. | | | An able spiritual ruler, Calixtus proved also a capable king. | | | The Concordat of Worms was hailed as a victory for the Church and sent papal prestige skyrocketing. |
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http://www.cfpeople.org/books/pope/POPEp160.htm
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| | 1999 HISTORY OF THE MASS AND HOLY MOTHER CHURCH: (1999hist.htm) |
| | installment 25: Pope Saint Stephen IV to Pope Marinus I: The Ripening of and Rips in the Holy Roman Empire in the first half of the Ninth Century | | | installment 39: Pope Pashcal II: The 12th century dawns in the shadows of emperors & antipopes throwing the Church into discord | | | installment 33: Pope Gregory V to Pope Benedict VIII: The Beginning of the Second Millennium |
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http://www.dailycatholic.org/issue/99Nov/1999hist.htm
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| | The Third Party Page 5 |
| | The struggle over "lay investiture" by noblemen restricted those who became pope, the same as it does in politics today, as the Church restricted who attained positions of power to only their kind. | | | Then Catholics conceiving that some day people would be able to date the age of their murder cover-up over Jesus' body of "Christ" to the tomb in the 11th century, when up until the 11th century "Jesus the Christ" was a mythical man, seeking to become pope? | | | Pope "Paschal II condemned lay investiture." Which meant Henry V could not be crowned emperor until he captured Paschal and forced him to allow himself to practice lay investiture in order to become emperor of Germany, when no prayers or god or scholarly written Bible argument and Italian armed forces could stop him. |
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http://www.mrinbetween.com/thirdparty/page5.htm
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| | The Pilgrims Guide to Santiago - Book Reviews on The Pilgrimage to Santiago from Telegraph Online Newspaper |
| | The French priest from Poitou, Aymeric Picaud, has left us the valuable account of his pilgrimage to Compostela in the form of a collection of documents relating to St James, which he, for the glory of the apostle, attributed to Pope Calixtus II. | | | Holy Years occur when the feast day of the apostle -25 July- falls on a Sunday. | | | The scallop shell, which the pilgrims wore soon, became the symbol of the Jacobean pilgrimage. |
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http://dspace.dial.pipex.com/telegraph/04camino/040009d2.htm
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| | Encyclopedia: Pope Calixtus II |
| | Nevertheless, Calixtus II was not himself a war-monger pope, being somewhat moderate in his policies and, among other things, enforcing the Church's mandate against excessive feudal violence, the Truce of God. | | | Calixtus II (also spelled Callistus), was instrumental in the recovery of the papacy from the concessions made to the Holy Roman Empire by his twice-removed predecessor, Paschal II (r. | | | By conciliating his own reforming party's anxieties with promises that he was conceding things to the secular power only for the sake of peace and not by any agreement in principle, Calixtus II exhibited the beginnings of the inflexible, domineering spirit which would animate the papalist polemicists all throughout the later controversies. |
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http://www.societaschristiana.com/Encyclopedia/C/CalixtusII.html
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| | Pope Calixtus II - definition of Pope Calixtus II in Encyclopedia |
| | In 1122 he concluded with the Emperor Henry V the important treaty of Metz, by which the mutual rights of the church and the empire were definitely settled. | | | December 13, 1124), was elected Pope on February 2, 1119, after the death of Gelasius II. | | | March 1123 First Lateran Council (also known as the Ninth General Council) held. |
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http://encyclopedia.laborlawtalk.com/Pope_Calixtus_II
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| | Lateran Council, First |
| | Lateran Council, First, 1123, 9th ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic Church, summoned by Pope | | | Great saints, two councils led wayward church back towards Jesus the reformer.(Paul and Francis of Assisi, Councils of Constance and Second Vatican)(Transcript) (National Catholic Reporter) | | | Many of the council's decrees became part of the evolving corpus of medieval Latin canon law. |
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http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/society/A0828959.html
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| | CALIXTUS II - Online Information article about CALIXTUS II |
| | February 1119 he was chosen pope at See also: | | | pope from II19 to 1I24, was Guido, a member of a See also: | | | German princes negotiations between pope and emperor were renewed, and the important See also: |
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http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/CAL_CAR/CALIXTUS_II.html
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| | Concordat of Worms - Wikipedia |
| | By the terms of the agreement signed on September 23 1122 near Worms, the emperor guaranteed bribe-free election of bishops and abbots and renounced the right to invest them with ring and crosier, the symbols of their spiritual power. | | | Following efforts by Lamberto Scannabecchi (later Pope Honorius II) and the Diet of Würzburg (1121) in 1122, Pope Calixtus II and Holy Roman Emperor Henry V agreed to end to the struggle over investiture. | | | The pope granted Henry the right, in Germany, to be present at elections and to invest those elected with their lay rights. |
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http://nostalgia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concordat_of_Worms
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| | Calixtus II -- Encyclopædia Britannica |
| | He became well known as a spokesman of a reform party within the church and as a foe of the policy of the Holy Roman emperor Henry V. | | | The greatest of the Renaissance popes was Julius II. | | | Mohammad II (Mehmed the Conqueror) (1432–81), Ottoman sultan, born in Adrianople (now Edirne); during rule (1444–46 and 1451–81), captured Constantinople and thus completed the Ottoman destruction of the Byzantine Empire; fourth son of Murad II; restored and repopulated Constantinople after capture in 1453; reorganized Ottoman administration, codified laws, encouraged scholarship... |
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http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9018685
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| | Innocent II (d. 1143) |
| | On July 22, 1139, Roger captured Innocent and on July 25 forced the Pope to recognize him as king of Sicily. | | | A cardinal by 1116, Innocent was appointed in 1122 by Pope Calixtus II. | | | Innocent was hastily consecrated, but by June 1130 Anacletus forced him to flee to France. |
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http://www.hfac.uh.edu/gbrown/philosophers/leibniz/BritannicaPages/PopeInnocent-II/PopeInnocent-II.html
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| | Pope Calixtus III: Proceedings of the Conclave that led to his election. |
| | Thus they defeated Bessarion, who was gaining ground on both sides, as they could not risk having a Pope who had only recently been converted from the Greek schismatic Church, and was therefore zealous as all neophytes are. | | | Calixtus III was therefore elected, and the Borgias descended upon the Church of Rome, across whose history they were to leave such a sinister trail of blood-stained magnificence. | | | Cardinal Alfonso Borgia seemed the very man. A Spaniard: pleasantly cynical and making no mystery of his licentiousness or of his illegitimate children, in fact a pope after their own hearts. |
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http://www.pickle-publishing.com/papers/triple-crown-calixtus-iii.htm
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| | Popes |
| | At the Concordat of Worms (1122) he helped to end the investiture controversy, a conflict flourishing in the 11th and 12th centuries over whether the papacy or the Holy Roman emperor had the right to appoint the clergy to clerical offices. | | | When Count Roger II of Sicily and Calabria (later king of Sicily) had himself created duke of Apulia, Honorius raised a league of cities and barons in rebellion against Roger, who defeated Honorius' army and forced the pope to invest him as duke in return for his oath of fealty. | | | Honorius' death was followed by a schism in which Roger supported Antipope Anacletus II against Honorius' successor, Innocent II. |
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http://gallery.euroweb.hu/database/glossary/popes/honori2.html
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| | Pope Callixtus II -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article |
| | December 13, 1124), the son of William I, (Click link for more info and facts about Count of Burgundy) Count of Burgundy, was elected (The head of the Roman Catholic Church) Pope on February 2, 1119, after the death of (Click link for more info and facts about Gelasius II) Gelasius II. | | | The future pope (Click link for more info and facts about Honorius II) Honorius II was one of the papal negotiators. | | | In 1088, he became the (Click link for more info and facts about Archbishop of Vienne) Archbishop of Vienne. |
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http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/encyclopedia/p/po/pope_callixtus_ii1.htm
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| | British history articles |
| | Bernard's initiative, combined with the rave review from Pope Calixtus II, placed St Davids firmly on the religious map. | | | Unlike many other centres of pilgrimage, St Davids did not display the bones of its namesake. | | | A vast income was raised by visiting pilgrims." |
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http://www.history.uk.com/articles/index.php?archive=14
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| | iqexpand.com |
| | church and as a foe of the policy of the Holy Roman emperor Heinrich V. When Pope Gelasius II. | | | Pope Gelasius II German pope Pope Gregory I Pope Gregory II Pope Gregory III Pope Gregory IV Pope Gregory V Pope Gregory VI Pope Gregory VII Pope Gregory VIII Pope Gregory IX Pope Gregory X Pope Gregory XI Pope... | | | 1119) died at Cluny, Calixtus was elected by the cardinals there to succeed him. |
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http://pope_gelasius_ii.iqexpand.com
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| | Vol I File 9: The Paternal Ancestry of Homer Beers James |
| | The following is all in the House of Poitiers. | | | In 1235 she married Jaime (James I.), King of Aragon, who was born in 1208, and died in 1276, son of Pedro II. | | | William I of Aquitaine, the Pious, Duke of Aquitaine from the House of Auvergne, 909. |
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http://homepages.rootsweb.com/~pmcbride/james/f009.htm
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| | Ancestors of Guy of Burgundy Pope Calixtus II |
| | He supported Pope Paschal II in his campai gn against lay investiture, the practice of bishops receiving their appoin tments and power from prices. | | | Guy of Burgundy Pope Calixtus II Died: 13 Nov 1124 | | | Ancestors of Guy of Burgundy Pope Calixtus II Renaud I of Burgundy 1st Count of Burgundy |
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http://www.glenn-cook.com/Family%20Data/4579.htm
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| | Paradox Interactive Forums - - ARCHIVE - Royal Court of Navarra |
| | With Apostolic authority and the power divinely bestowed on us we graciously grant to all those fighting firmly on this expedition the same remission of Sins that we conceded to the defenders of the Eastern Church | | | A letter arrives from King Juan II of Castille. | | | It pleases me to hear from you once again as it has been a long time since we last engaged in correspondence, and I must apologise for my late reply. |
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http://www.europa-universalis.com/forum/showthread.php?s=a70531ee1d282d888c3697be620d6f8e&threadid=91986
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| | Concubinage in Lateran I and II |
| | We absolutely forbid priests, deacons, or subdeacons to live with concubines and wives and to cohabit with other women. | | | Adhering to the path trod by our predecessors the Roman pontiffs Gregory VII, Urban and Paschal, we prescribe that nobody is to hear masses of those whom he knows to have wives or concubines. | | | Concubinage in Lateran I and II Concubinage in Legislation of the First and Second Lateran Councils |
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http://faculty.cua.edu/pennington/GratianCausa19English/ConcubinageLateran1.html
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| | Calixtus II(1119-1124 : A Pope born to rule |
| | Subjects : Biography & Autobiography : Religious : Popes | | | Add this book to your wish list | | | Calixtus II(1119-1124 : A Pope born to rule |
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http://www.allbookstores.com/book/9004139877
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| | Prester John - Cunnan |
| | He had 3 archbishops and 20 bishops at his court every day, and his equivalent of the pope was the patriarch of St.Thomas. | | | The legend of Prester John began in 12th century with two reports of visits of an archbishop of India to Constantinople and of a Patriarch of India to Rome at the time of Pope Calixtus II (1119-1124). | | | Prester John (also Presbyter John) was a legendary Christian ruler in India, combining the roles of patriarch and king. |
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http://cunnan.sca.org.au/wiki/Prester_John
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| | First Council of the Lateran - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The First Council of the Lateran was summoned by Pope Calixtus II in 1123. | | | twenty-two canons, pope's right to invest bishops, condemnation of simony, "Truce of God" (war allowed only Monday-Wednesday, and only in the summer and fall) |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Council_of_the_Lateran
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| | Pope Innocent II |
| | Innocent II, given name Gregorio Paparesci dei Guidoni, Roman Catholic Pope from 1130 to 1143, was originally a Benedictine monk. | | | Calixtus II appointed him one of the ambassadors who made peace with the Empire and drew up the Concordat of Worms (1122), and in the following year, with his later enemy Cardinal Peter Pierleoni, he was papal legate in France. | | | The Lateran council of 1139 restored peace to the Church, excommunicating Roger of Sicily, against whom Innocent undertook an expedition which proved unsuccessful. |
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http://www.nndb.com/people/163/000094878
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| | HONORIUS II |
| | Paschal II made him cardinal-bishop of Ostia and Calixtus II sent him as legate to the famous Diet of Worms. | | | But while the cardinals, Lambert among them, were singing the Te Deum, the irritated Frangipani began to shout, "Lambert Pope!" and without more ado hustled Lambert off to a throne and proclaimed him Honorius II. | | | A rumor of his death brought Pierleoni swarming around the monastery, and they dispersed only when the sick Pope showed himself at a window. |
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http://www.cfpeople.org/Books/Pope/POPEp161.htm
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| | FIRST COUNCIL OF THE LATERAN FACTS AND INFORMATION |
| | Documents and statementstwenty-two canons, pope's right to invest bishops, condemnation of simony, "Truce of God" (war allowed only Monday-Wednesday, and only in the summer and fall) |
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http://www.redabacus.com/First_Council_of_the_Lateran
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| | Pope Callixtus II - Wikipedia |
| | In 1122 he concluded with the Emperor Henry the important treaty of Metz, by which the mutual rights of the church and the empire were definitely settled. | | | Pope Callixtus II, Guido of Vienne, was elected in 1119, after the death of Gelasius II. | | | Pope Callixtus II (Redirected from Pope Calixtus II) |
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http://nostalgia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Calixtus_II
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