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| | Papal States - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | The Papal States comprised those territories over which the Pope was the ruler in a civil as well as a spiritual sense before 1870. | | | When in the fifth century the Italian peninsula passed under the control of first Odoacer and then the Ostrogoths, the church organization in Italy, and the bishop of Rome as its head, submitted to their sovereign authority while beginning to assert spiritual supremacy. | | | While the Bishops of Rome–now beginning to be referred to as the Popes–remained de jure Byzantine subjects, in practice the Duchy of Rome, an area roughly equivalent to modern-day Latium, became an independent state ruled by the Church. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papal_States
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| | Pope - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Therefore, such definitions of the Roman pontiff are of themselves, and not by the consent of the church, irreformable. | | | It is the pope's ecclesiastical jurisdiction (the Holy See) and not his secular jurisdiction (Vatican City) which conducts international relations; for hundreds of years, the pope's court (the Roman Curia) has functioned as the government of the Catholic Church. | | | Other non-Catholic Christian denominations do not accept the doctrine of Apostolic Succession, or do not understand it in hierarchical terms, and therefore do not accept the claim that the pope is heir either to Petrine primacy of honour or to Petrine primacy of jurisdiction or they reject both claims of honor or jurisdiction as unscriptural. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope
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| | NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF PAPAL HONOREES IN THE UNITED STATES - INTRODUCTION |
| | The Grand Cross, the highest Papal award given to lay men and women, is also given to Ambassadors accredited to the Holy See after two years in post and, exceptionally, to leading Catholics in the wider world for particular services, mainly in the international field and for outstanding deeds for Church and society. | | | It is customary, however, for them to be invited to participate in major events of their diocese, such as the consecration of Bishops, the ordination of Priests, and the introduction of a new Bishop into his diocese. | | | Like all the Papal Orders, it was reformed in 1905, and is given for conspicuous service to the Church and society, regardless of religious allegiance. |
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http://www.papalhonorees.org/intro.htm
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| | CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: States of the Church |
| | Pius IX excommunicated all participants in and authors of the occupation of the States of the Church. | | | Innocent thus became the restorer of the States of the Church. | | | Charlemagne acknowledged the sovereignty of Adrian in the Duchy of Rome and in the States of the Church founded by Pepin's donations of 754-56. |
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http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14257a.htm
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| | The Israelites in the Papal States |
| | Among others, the Israelites are obliged every year, the first day of the Carnival, to send to the Holy Father a deputation to ask him formally for permission to remain another year in the country. | | | The same day the installation of the new pontiff gave rise to troubles in the states of the Church. | | | We will add a few more words on the condition of the principal communities in the States of the Church. |
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http://www.jewish-history.com/Occident/volume1/june1843/papal.html
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| | Papal Heraldry |
| | The Papacy, or the Holy See, that is, the institution which stands at the head of the Catholic Church. | | | The Holy See, as governing body of the Church, has the following arms, since the 16th century: Gules, two keys in saltire or and argent, interlaced in the rings or, beneath a tiara argent, crowned or. | | | In the tapestry, William the Conqueror (to whom we know from elsewhere that a papal banner was given) is shown with a banner of Argent, a cross or between four objects (cots? |
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http://www.heraldica.org/topics/pope.htm
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| | Papal States -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - Your gateway to all Britannica has to offer! |
| | Pope Innocent III (1198–1216) took advantage of the dispute between the Hohenstaufen and their rival Otto IV for the imperial crown to promote his claims, notably in the march of Ancona; and in 1201 Otto acknowledged the church's right to the duchy of Spoleto. | | | Although not particularly effective as spiritual leaders, the nobles sought to preserve the papal territories. | | | In the early part of the 18th century, however, the papacy struggled against the great secular powers of the north and lost territory or rights in various regions. |
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http://concise.britannica.com/ebc/article-9058317
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| | Papal Transition: On papal conclave & election of the next pope by Thomas J. Reese, S.J. |
| | The date for the funeral and burial is set by the college of cardinals, but Universi Dominici Gregis states it is to "take place, except for special reasons, between the fourth and sixth day after death." The funeral is arranged by the camerlengo in accordance with instructions left him by the pope. | | | If he concludes that it is necessary for the good of the church for him to resign, then he will. | | | This followed the pattern of other dioceses where the clergy elected the bishop. |
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http://www.americamagazine.org/papaltransition.cfm
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| | Backgrounds to the Italian Renaissance |
| | At the instigation of Ferdinand of Aragon, King of Sicily and Spain, the League of Venice was formed in 1495 consisting of Spain, Sicily, Venezia, the Papal States, and the Holy Roman Empire. | | | It was Julius II who inspired open criticism by the humanists of the Northern Renaissance, including Erasmus, who questioned the spiritual authority of a person and an office that was so overwhelmingly and disgustingly secular. | | | The Papal States and France cut a deal which gave the King of France control over his clergy and the pope control over church councils. |
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http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/REN/BACK.HTM
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| | Paradox Interactive Forums - Crusaders of the Holy Cross: A Papal States AAR |
| | Soon Siena was inudcted as a Papal state and Eugene could focus on religious matters. | | | Crusaders of the Holy Cross: A Papal States AAR | | | Martinus showed great forsight in this endevor for the Turks had expanded at the expense of the Duchy of Athens, who called on its allies Modena and Tuscany. |
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http://www.europa-universalis.com/forum/showthread.php?s=&threadid=90876
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| | Assassination of President Lincoln |
| | May the Lord preserve the days of Your Holiness, and keep you under His divine protection. | | | Last portrait of Lincoln taken a few days before the Great Emancipator went home to Glory on APRIL 15, 1865. | | | The Pope's poison pen letter caused massive Roman Catholic desertions from the Union army |
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http://www.reformation.org/lincoln.html
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| | Life and Times of Giuseppe Garibaldi |
| | The Fall of the Papal States was a GREAT fulfillment of Bible Prophecy!! | | | And all that dwell upon the earth shall worship him, whose names are not written in the book of life of the Lamb slain from the foundation of the world" (Rev. chapter 13). | | | This "little horn" was the Papal States or Papal Dynasty, the Man of Sin of St. Paul's Epistles and the Antichrist of the Apostle John. |
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http://www.reformation.org/garibaldi.html
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| | EIPS - The Popes at War and the Fall of the Papal States |
| | De Merode, a fanatical and wealthy Belgian papist, had been a soldier before entering the priesthood. | | | In a letter from Odo Russell to Lord John Russell dated January 16 | | | Most of the people who considered themselves ‘Italians’ were found in the Papal States which at that time divided the Italian peninsula into north and south. |
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http://www.ianpaisley.org/article.asp?ArtKey=papalstates
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| | Papal States |
| | Papal States Pre-1849 For over a thousand years, the states of the church had been a unique religious enclave. | | | The church provided the rationale for the existence of the state, to allow the pope freedom of action without owing loyalty to any secular prince. | | | The population was nearly three million in 1846, of which only 15% lived in towns of a thousand or more. |
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http://www.ohiou.edu/~Chastain/ip/papalsta.htm
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| | The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition: Papal States @ HighBeam Research |
| | After the Counter Reformation (16th cent.) the spiritual power of the papacy grew while its political power waned. | | | Pius IX was liberal at his accession and granted his states a constitution, but the events of 1848 turned him against the revolutionists. | | | Lo Stato della Chiesa, from 754 to 1870 an independent territory under the temporal rule of the popes, also called the States of the Church and the Pontifical States. |
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http://www.highbeam.com/library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1E1:PapalSta&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf
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| | MSN Encarta - Papal States |
| | They were also known as the States of the Church or Pontifical... | | | Papal States, territory of Italy formerly under direct temporal rule of the pope. | | | Become a subscriber today and gain access to: |
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http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761555561/Papal_States.html
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| | The Papal States |
| | Like the Council of Trent, this struggle helped the Catholic Church to harden its attitudes and fight against every new discovery that could be interpreted as defying the Church's authority. | | | The religious wars of the European kings were also paid for by the Papal states, which caused a deficit in the papal treasury. | | | As the center of the Papal States, Rome expressed the struggle of the Catholic establishment for complete control of Christians worldwide. |
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http://muse.tau.ac.il/museum/galileo/rome_eng.html
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| | Papal States Rome 2 1/2 Baiocchi - 1796 |
| | Peter holds keys, presumably to heaven and has a halo above his head. | | | Beyond this simple imagery only the legend would indicate who this is from among the panoply of Catholic saints. | | | The Copper Coinage of the Papal States lists this as No. 810 on page 24. |
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http://www.napoleonicmedals.org/coins/papal96-1.htm
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| | Papal States: Exiles and Political Prisoners |
| | When Pius IX was elected pope in 1846, he granted amnesty to nearly a thousand of these unfortunates. | | | The Romagna at the far northern end of the Papal States had long been its most turbulent region. | | | This discontent among many local leaders supports the theory that fewer opportunities were open to them than to landowners in other Italian states. |
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http://www.ohiou.edu/~Chastain/ip/papstaex.htm
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| | Papal states |
| | The Monastic Response to Papal Reform: Summi Magistri An essay on Papal attempts at reform of the Benedictine rules in the fourteenth century. | | | Acclamation (in Papal Elections) One of the forms of papal election. | | | Office of Papal Liturgical Celebrations: Ignatius of Santhià Biography, portrait, and papal homily on his canonization. |
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http://www.serebella.com/encyclopedia/article-Papal_states.html
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| | End of Europe's Middle Ages - Italy's City-States |
| | In the mid-thirteenth century, those states were administered by Manfred, the illegitimate son of Frederick II (1215-1250). | | | The situation worsened during the residence of the papal court in Avignon during the Avignonese Captivity (1308-1378) and the attitude of resentment was especially evident in the Papal States of central Italy. | | | The conflict between the papal Guelphs and the imperial Ghibellines was to the benefit of many cities and by playing these two factions against one another, civic governments were able to organize and squirm out from under the direct control of either. |
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http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/endmiddle/c-states.html
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| | Roman States |
| | For secular rulers of the city, see Latium. | | | Nevertheless, it is a fair record of what people in Imperial times believed regarding the origins of the state, and as such, it very likely preserves some genuine recollection of early tribal rulers. | | | A significant garrison along a major road since Roman times, mention might be made of the heroic (but ultimately unsuccessful) defense of the town by Cia, wife of the Lord of Forli, against beseiging Papal troops in 1357. |
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http://www.hostkingdom.net/rome.html
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| | Italian States / Papal States Bank Notes |
| | Papal States was an idependent territory under the temporal rule of the popes from 754 to 1870. | | | Italian States, consisted of a number of independent states and kingdoms including the Papal States, ruled Italy from the fall of Roman Empire to 1870's when they were unified under the Kingdom of Italy and Victor Emanuele was installed as king. | | | The territory varied in size at different times; in 1859 it included 16,000 square miles extending north-south on the Italian Peninsula, from the Adriatic Sea and the lower course of the Po River to the Tyrrhenian Sea. |
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http://www.tomchao.com/eu/eu35.html
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| | Papal States PPS 00 |
| | During the Ostrogothic period the lands were certainly not ruled by the popes, nor during the protracted Byzantine interlude following the conquests of Belisarius in the early sixth century. | | | Comments: The Papal States or, more correctly, the States of the Church, occupy the central part of Italy, in a broad belt from the east to the west coast, centered on Rome. | | | Despite the efforts of several popes to impose central authority over their lands, the region is a cosmos of petty feudatories and communes, most paying no more than lip service to Papal suzerainty. |
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http://www.hyw.com/hywdocs/fiefs/Other/PAPA0203.HTM
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| | Papal States |
| | The central Italian states under papal sovereignty between 756, when Pepin the Short presented Ravenna to Pope Stephen II (reigned 752-57), and 1870. | | | The popes refused to recognize their loss of temporal power until the Lateran Treaty (1929) established the Vatican City as an independent papal state. |
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http://www.orbilat.com/Encyclopaedia/P/Papal_States.html
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| | Papal States - 1802 - Baiocco |
| | This thin coin is quite worn, especially on the obverse. | | | The 'AN SECVNDO' refers to the second year of Pius VII's time wearing the papal crown. |
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http://www.napoleonicmedals.org/coins/pst021.htm
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| | Westfalen - Papal states |
| | Papal could be called as "Chruch states" also. | | | If you are interested of costs of units, please look at the "Unit costs". |
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http://www.westfalengame.com/papalstates.html
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| | Paradox Interactive Forums - Papal States |
| | I am trying to start a new game as Papal States. | | | Is there a kind of a "Natural Allied" that I should look for? | | | Anybody has played before as the Papal States? |
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http://www.europa-universalis.com/forum/showthread.php?t=126753
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| | Pontificio |
| | It was made in small quantities for the Papal States (the Vatican, which was autonomous at the time) prior to their absorption into Italy and Italian unification in 1870 after the defeat of the Vatican forces in the battle at Porta Pia in Rome. | | | Many of the captured rifles were re-issued to the Italian Army and later, after the widespread fielding of the M1870 Vetterli, most were issued to Italian allies in North Africa, accounting for the scarcity of these rifles. | | | Markings are distinctive to this rifle including, on the left side of the receiver, "Brevet Remington" (Remington’s Patent) Liege proof marks on the barrel, and stamped into the,left side and, on the top of the knoxform, the wholly dispositive Papal States proofs of consisting of St. Peter’s two "crossed keys" under the Papal tiara. |
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http://www.militaryrifles.com/PapalStates/Pontificio.htm
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| | [No title] |
| | Diplomatic Procedure became fundamental to relations among Italian States during Renaissance | | | Most of rest of States = mountainous and uncontrollable | | | Decline of Republics/rise of Signorie was due to many factors |
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http://www.harding.edu/USER/jmfortner/WWW/ITALCITYSTATES.HTML
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