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| | The Destruction of the Second Bet Hamikdash Chabad.org > Holidays > The Three Weeks and Tisha B'Av |
 | | Onkelos, the son of Kalonikus, was the son of Titus' sister. | | | Onkelos asked: "Is it worthwhile to join them?" He said to him: "Seek their welfare but do not seek to do them harm, for all who harm them, it is as if they have harmed the apple of His eye." | | | Onkelos asked: "Is it worthwhile to join them?" Bilam said: Do not seek their peace nor their welfare all of your days (Deuteronomy 23:7). |
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http://www.chabad.org/holidays/3weeks/history/article.asp?AID=144773
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| | Onkelos |
| | 2nd centurya.d.,author of a Targum of the Pentateuch known as the Targum of Onkelos. |
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http://www.factmonster.com/ipd/A0566997.html
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| | View Auction Listing |
| | Targum Onkelos and Rashi for Genesis and Exodus. | | | Kalonymus] the son of the sister of Titus." He became converted to Judaism, but before doing so he raised the spirits of Titus that the people of Israel are held in the highest repute in the world to come (Git. | | | 41a, Mishpatim 3) also refers to him as the son of the sister of Hadrian, although the Babylonian Talmud refers to him as "Onkelos the son of Kalonikus [v. |
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http://www.virtualjudaica.com/VJScripts/PublicViewVJAuctionItem.asp?ScriptAction=View&ID=7918
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| | Onkelos |
| | Then Onkelos went and, with the aid of a necromancer, raised Jesus from the dead. | | | Regarding the text: "[For the Lord your God] befriends the ger, providing him with food and clothing" (Deuteronomy 10:18), the ger Onkelos asked Rabbi Eliezer: "Is that the reward for the ger, food and clothing?" "Is then that a small thing in your eyes?" replied Rabbi Eliezer. | | | But when Onkelos won them over by citing verses from scripture, and they too became converts…. |
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http://www.shavuot.org/journeys_four.htm
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| | Targum "Onkelos" to the Torah |
| | Targum Onkelos is for the most part a literal, word-for-word translation of the Hebrew. | | | The Aramaic dialect of Targum Onkelos seems to be that of second-century Israel, though many scholars believe that it underwent subsequent development in Babylonia during the Talmudic era. | | | As the use of Aramaic declined, the practice of reciting the Targum in the synagogue fell into disuse in most Jewish communities. |
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http://www.acs.ucalgary.ca/~elsegal/TalmudMap/MG/MGOnkelos.html
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| | Onkelos: Information From Answers.com |
| | Onkelos cited verses from the Tanakh to the first Roman legion, who then converted. | | | Onkelos is mentioned several times in the Talmud. | | | His conversion is the subject of a story whereupon he first consulted with the spirits of three deceased enemies of Israel to see how Israel fared in the next world (Gittin 56b). |
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http://www.answers.com/topic/onkelos
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| | Torah Stories |
| | Onkelos visited them and begged them to accept him as their disciple. | | | Being a clever, handsome, well mannered young man, he had grown up to be one of the most promising future leaders of the mighty Roman Empire. | | | Still more dangerous would it have been, had he openly stated his intention of changing to the Jewish religion. |
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http://www.torahstories.com/kedoshim5763.htm
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| | Targum Onkelos: Information From Answers.com |
| | In Talmudic times (and to this day in Yemenite Jewish communities) Targum Onkelos was recited by heart as a verse-by-verse translation alternatively with the Hebrew verses of the Torah in the synagogue. | | | The Talmud states that "a persion should complete his portions of scripture along with the community, reading the scripture twice and the targum once." This passage is taken to refer to Targum Onkelos. | | | Mechon Mamre (http://www.mechon-mamre.org/) has the entire Aramaic text of Targum Onkelos with vowels according to Yemenite manuscripts. |
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http://www.answers.com/topic/targum-onkelos
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| | Morsels of Hebrew Grammar |
| | Targumim (Aramaic paraphrases): 1) Onkelos (two versions): The Ashkenazi (A) (Chumash Ha’amek Davar and others): la yista’ev raba be’amei le’achalutei, (‘a great man/husband [who is a priest] shall not defile himself among his people as this is his desecration’); The Yemenite (Y) (Chumash Torat Haim, ed. | | | R’ A. ibn Ezra explains that the verse means: ‘A priest shall not defile himself among either priests or Israelites as this is his desecration.’ While in explaining ba’al, R’ A. ibn Ezra is following Onkelos A, his interpretation of be’amav (‘priests or Israelites’) is original. | | | R’ Y. Kapah - from manuscripts), widely regarded as the more accurate, (perhaps because Yemenites maintain the ancient custom of reading Onkelos alongside the Torah in the synagogue) is: la yista’ev beraba be’amei le’achalutei (‘he [the priest] shall not defile himself for a great man among his people as this is his desecration’). |
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http://www.shemayisrael.co.il/parsha/klarberg/archives/emor63.htm
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| | Judaism 101 - Onkelos - A Glossary of Basic Jewish Terms and Concepts - OU.ORG |
| | At this time in history, Rome was a persecutor of Israel, but at the same time, many thousands of Romans, impressed with the religion of the Jews, and with their fierce devotion to it, were converting to Judaism. | | | In the same Gemara, we find, “Onkelos, son of Kalonykos, was the son of Titus’ sister, and he wished to convert to Judaism. | | | He asked his uncle, ‘Who is on top in the World-to-Come?’ Titus answered, ‘Israel.’ Onkelos asked further, ‘I am thinking of converting to Judaism. |
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http://www.ou.org/about/judaism/rabbis/onkelos.htm
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| | JewishGates.org |
| | Now the reason that Onkelos literally translated the verse, And 'Elohim' spoke all these words, saying, [rather than render it "and the Glory of God spoke," as he usually does wherever Elohim is mentioned] is that it is said, Face to face the Eternal spoke to your whole assembly. | | | So Onkelos should not have been apprehensive of expressions of "hearing" as they only indicate acceptance of a matter by God and His being pleased with it, for he does not avoid literal translations of expressions of sight any place, but translates it literally in all cases even when seeing alone is involved. | | | Similarly he said that Onkelos never translated expressions of "hearing" literally [when the Scriptural references were to God], but instead explained them as expressing that a certain matter reached the Creator, or that He accepted a prayer. |
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http://www.jewishgates.com/file.asp?File_ID=1377
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| | The Jewish Journal Of Greater Los Angeles |
| | Onkelos supplies an answer by implying that signs from heaven aren't what a religious man looks for. | | | In saying that "the matter stemmed from God," Laban and Bethuel offered a religious reply which was totally out of character for them. | | | Laban and Bethuel were men of little faith, so they put great emphasis on the miracles and were overwhelmed by them. |
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http://www.jewishjournal.com/home/print.php?id=3806
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| | CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Targum |
| | The labours of Onkelos are referred to in "Meg.", 3a, in the following words: "Rab Jeremiya, according to others Rab Hiya bar Abba says: 'According to the statement of Rab Eliezer and Rab Josua, Onkelos the proselyte has said, that is, has orally formulated, the Targum of the Torah'". | | | The Targum to the Prophets (priores, historical books; posteriores, the actual Prophets) now in existence is ascribed to Jonathan ben Uzziel, who is said on the authority of the Babylonian "Megillah", 3a, to have formulated it orally, in accordance with the instructions of Haggai, Zachariah, and Malachi. | | | In Arabia the old synagogal custom of reciting the Targum at the religious services had been retained, and consequently more interest was felt there in the pronunciation. |
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http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14454b.htm
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| | Anecdotes on Holiness |
| | Onkelos, whose translation and commentary on the Torah are universally well known, became a proselyte - a convert to the Jewish religion. | | | This angered Caesar who dispatched a company of soldiers to persuade Onkelos to give up his new religion. | | | The soldiers couldn't help themselves but ask for an explanation of his actions. |
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http://www.hasofer.com/page.pl?p=anecdotes
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| | Print Version - Lively Parsha Kedoshim |
| | Upon hearing these words from his uncle, Onkelos the Roman (not to be confused with Uncle Louis) immediately converted to Judaism. | | | Onkelos begins to discuss Jewish philosophy with them, pointing out certain verses in the Torah. | | | He became a great sage, eventually authoring the Aramaic translation of the Bible bearing his name - and studied till this day by hundreds of thousands of Jews. |
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http://www.aish.com/SSI/articleToPrint.asp?PageURL=/torahportion/livelyparsha/Lively_Parsha_Kedoshim.xml&torahportion=
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| | Aramaic Versions (the Targums), by Eberhard Nestle |
| | According to the Babylonian Talmud (Megillot 3a), Onkelos delivered it orally in Palestine; but this is the result of confusing Onkelos with Aquila, who translated the Old Testament into Greek, and "Judaic Pentateuch-Targum" is a better name than "Targum of Onkelos," which has been in use since Bomberg's Rabbinic Bible of 1517. | | | In the third century its text seems to have been considered fixed, and manuscripts are mentioned several times, but Origen and Jerome apparently did not know a Targum, and hence we may conclude that it did not find official recognition before the fifth century. | | | On the person of Onkelos consult: D. Lussatto, Philoxemus, Cracow, 1895; M. Friedmann, Onkelos und Akylas, Vienna, 1896; JE, ii, 36-38, ix, 405, xii, 58-59. |
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http://www.bible-researcher.com/aramaic2.html
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| | [No title] |
| | When they were leading Onkelos away, Onkelos placed his hand on the mezuza and said, "What is that?" "You tell us," the soldiers said. | | | This idea is related by the Talmud in the following most unusual episode: Onkelos, the brilliant nephew of the Roman Emperor Titus, converted to Judaism and became a disciple of the Sages. | | | But when Onkelos engaged the soldiers in discussion and showed them the beauty of Torah, they converted to Judaism. |
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http://www.ohr.org.il/ask/ask136.txt
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| | Angel of the Lord - Grant Jeffrey quote |
| | As I mentioned in an earlier chapter, the Targums were a series of paraphrases and commentaries on the Jewish Bible written in the Chaldean language that were read in the synagogue every Sabbath day. | | | The Targum of Jonathan was written by Jonathan ben Uziel, a famous scholar who was a student of the great Jewish scholar Hillel the Great during the decades before the birth of Christ. | | | Both Targums were considered virtually as inspired as the Bible itself and were read in the synagogue after the reading of the Torahin Hebrew. |
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http://www.ourchurch.com/view?pageID=74744
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| | Shnayim Mikra |
| | Tosafot then rejects this opinion stating that Onkelos is special because Onkelos not only translates the Chumash but also explains many obscure words and passages. | | | The Gemara (Berachot 8a) teaches, "one should always finish the Parshiot with the community [by studying] Shnayim Mikra V'echad Targum (the Parsha twice and Targum Onkelos once)." The Aruch Hashulchan (O.C. 285:2) notes that this is a rabbinical obligation. | | | The Mishna Berura and the Aruch Hashulchan also do not seem to indicate a preference between Onkelos and Rashi. |
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http://www.koltorah.org/ravj/shnayimmikra.htm
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| | TARGUM - LoveToKnow Article on TARGUM |
| | It naturally follows from the character of the original that the rendering of this Targum is less literal than that of Onkelos, especially in the prophetic books, but, when due allowance is made for the difficulty of the Hebrew, it may be described on the whole as a faithful reproduction of the original text. | | | The official Targum on the Prophets is stated by the Babylonian Talmud7 to have been said by Jonathan hen Uzziel, the disciple of Hillel, and is usually known, therefore, as the Targum Jonathan. | | | Yet it is impossible to hold that the Targum of Onkelos was the only representative of Targum tradition that existed among the Jews down to the 7th century A.D., the period to which the internal evidence compels us to assign the Targum Jerushalmi as used by the Fragmentary Targum and the pseudo-Jonathan. |
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http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/T/TA/TARGUM.htm
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| | Chancellor's Commentary Parashat Parashat Terumah 5765, The Jewish Theological Seminary |
| | At the meal which concluded the covenant at Sinai, the Torah reports that the leaders of the Israelites "beheld God, and they ate and drank" (Exodus 24:11). | | | It appears early on in the second-century Aramaic translation of this verse by Onkelos: "And you should make before Me (rather than for Me) a sanctuary that I may cause My Presence (Shekhinah) to dwell among them." Clearly, Onkelos was prompted to soften the unsettling concreteness of our verse with a degree of separation. | | | The verb to dwell, shakhon, gave rise in rabbinic Judaism to a new name for God, Shekhinah, the One Who Is Indwelling. |
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http://www.jtsa.edu/community/parashah/archives/5765/terumah.shtml
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| | Morsels of Hebrew Grammar |
| | Perhaps Onkelos is teaching that Divine acknowledgement of the individual by name makes a person significant. | | | 35:30) Here Onkelos translates the word kara which he regularly translates as 'called', by the term 'raby', apparently meaning 'made great' (yes, it is related to the word for 'Rabbi' and could have been transliterated that way, but that would not have been helpful). | | | Hence here, there is no place for Onkelos' other translation. |
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http://www.shemayisrael.co.il/parsha/klarberg/archives/vp62.htm
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| | Mishpatim |
| | Onkelos explains, the verse should be understood literally. | | | The Torah states in Exodus Chapter 23 Verse 5, "If you see the donkey of him that hates you lying under its burden, and you shall forbear to help him, you shall surely help him." The language of the verse is difficult, “ve,chadalta me,azov”, “you will cease from helping him”. | | | Leave what is in your heart and help him. |
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http://www.mesora.org/mishpatim.html
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| | Kolel's Parasha Study |
| | Onkelos was a 2nd century C.E. translator of the Hebrew Bible into Aramaic. | | | Composed in the Land of Israel, Targum Onkelos became the standard version of the Hebrew Bible that was used in Babylonian synagogues during the Talmudic era. | | | A convert to Judaism, Onkelos gained the respect of the leading Hebrew scholars of his day. |
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http://www.kolel.org/pages/parasha/commentator.html
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| | The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah Appendix 2 |
| | The former indicates, as we think, the inward and upward, the latter the outward and downward, aspect of the revealed God. | | | Class III., which consists of those passages in which the term Memra bears undoubted application to the Divine Personality as revealing Himself, comprises 79 passages). | | | As stated in the text of this book (vol. |
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http://www.biblestudy.org/bibleref/ltjesus/appen02.html
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| | Catholic Culture : Library : Most Theological Collection : Browse |
| | We are especially concerned with the Targum Jonathan, the official targum to the prophets -- for most of the greatest messianic prophecies are found in that targum, to the prophets Isaiah and Micah. | | | We must also add Targum Onkelos, because of the great prophecies of Genesis 3:15 and 49:10, which Onkelos recognizes as messianic. | | | that the official targums (which include those of Onkelos and Jonathan) are likely to come from the second century B.C., since they are cautious about using the full title "King Messiah" -- they omit the word King -- because in Maccabean times, hope for restoring the Davidic kingship might sound like treason to the Hasmoneans. |
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http://www.catholicculture.org/docs/most/getwork.cfm?worknum=145
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| | 0salt-pinchas |
| | Thus, just as Onkelos explained the verse regarding the Rosh Chodesh offering as, "the month's offering at its renewal," we may understand this phrase as, "the week's offering at its 'shabbat,'" meaning, at its point of cessation ("li-shbot" means to cease, as in Bereishit 2:2). | | | The word "Shabbat" often means "week," rather than the day of Shabbat, the most prominent example perhaps being the verse in the context of sefirat ha-omer, which refers to the counting of seven "shabbatot" - weeks (Vayikra 23:15). | | | However, Onkelos himself does not translate the verse in this way. |
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http://www.vbm-torah.org/archive/salt-bemidbar/41-4pinchas.htm
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| | Targum Bibliography |
| | Grossfeld, Bernard, 'Targum Onkelos and Rabbinic Interpretation to Genesis 2:1-2', JJS 24 (1973), pp. | | | Sperber, Alexander, 'The Targum Onkelos and its Relation to the Massoretic Hebrew Text', PAAJR 6 (1934-1935), pp. | | | Kasovsky, Chayim Yehoshua, Otsar Leshon Targum Onkelos: Konkodantsyah: Meyusedet alha Targum she-Nidfas be-Berlin (Jerusalem, Israel: Hotsaat Sefarim a. |
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http://faculty.washington.edu/snoegel/targumbiblio.html
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| | MEMRA: The Word of YHVH |
| | The Word of YHWH was also the giver of the Mosaic Covenant and the Torah as | | | YHWH." It was, according to Targum Onkelos, this Word of YHWH that Abraham | | | The Word also made the Abrahamic covenant as Targum Onkelos also |
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http://www.hebroots.org/hebrootsarchive/0208/0208d.html
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| | FORWARD : Arts & Letters |
| | Of course it is possible, as University of California and University of Michigan linguists James Matisoff and Sarah Thomason told Newhouse, that the contextually similar presence of "selah" in the religious texts of two apparently unrelated traditions is a matter of pure coincidence. | | | Yet as was already pointed out in the 12th century by Abraham Ibn Ezra, this is on the face of it an extremely strange and even incomprehensible interpretation. | | | This reason is the fact that the second-oldest Bible translation in our possession, the Jewishly canonical second-century C.E. Aramaic rendition of Onkelos, translates selah as le'almin or "eternally," a meaning that is also accepted by a number of medieval commentators such as Rashi. |
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http://www.forward.com/issues/2002/02.08.30/arts4.html
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| | RavFrand List - Rabbi Frand on Parshas Acharei Mos - 5757 - Torah.org |
| | The Targum Onkelos translates this verse as: "and you should live through them in the World to Come." In other words, the verse is not telling us to stay alive and neglect the mitzvos, because life is more precious than mitzvos. | | | The pasuk is telling us that the most precious thing in life is keeping mitzvos, because they bring us to olam haba, the World to Come. | | | That is not what the pasuk is saying, and this is as basic as a Targum Onkelos. |
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http://www.torah.org/learning/ravfrand/5757/achareimos.html
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| | MIKEITZ - RASHI COMMENTARY |
| | He, thus, explained the thing so that it fits, but was not meticulous to translate it literally. | | | [I.e.,] "You will not see me without your brother with you." Onkelos translates it: "Only when your brother will be with you." | | | means] that he may release to you, as Onkelos translates it--- may he release him from his imprisonment. |
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http://www.tachash.org/metsudah/b10r.html
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| | Shemot - Chapter 25 Chabad.org |
| | And you shall make the poles of acacia wood, and you shall overlay them with gold, and the table shall be carried with them. | | | And you shall cast four golden rings for it, and you shall place them upon its four corners, two rings on its one side, and two rings on its other side. | | | But Onkelos, who rendered [מְנַקִּיוֹתָיו as] מְכִילָתֵיהּ, understood it in a similar way to the words of the one [Sage] who says [that] מְנַקִּיוֹת are branches. |
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http://www.chabad.org/library/article.asp?AID=9886&showrashi=true
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| | Jesus In The Talmud |
| | [Onkelos] asked: Who is honored in that world? | | | 23:7) "You shall not seek their peace or welfare all your days." [Onkelos] asked: What is your punishment? | | | Here we see a story of the famous convert Onkelos who, prior to converting, used black magic to bring up famous villains of history and ask them whether their wickedness saved them in the world to come. |
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http://talmud.faithweb.com/articles/jesus.html
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| | Gematria: Parshas Mikeitz: JewishPath: Genesis 41:1 - 44:17 " The Essence of Yosief's Name as Spoken by Pharaoh... ... |
| | The Torah says, "Pharaoh gave Yosief the name 'Tzafnas Paneiach'..." Genesis 41:45 Rashi and Onkelos indicate that this name means, 'the explainer of hidden things.' The Septuagint indicates it means 'salvation of the world'. | | | {Genesis Chapter 41} This second word certainly is in agreement with both Rashi and Onkelos' understanding. | | | This study of mysticism in Hebrew Gematria is dedicated in the loving memory of Mr. |
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http://www.jewishpath.org/gematriayosief'sessence.html
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| | RABBI 3 |
| | This interpretation is very important, as it furnishes not only the individual opinion of Onkelos, but of the whole Jewish people, who held this targum in almost as great veneration as the Hebrew Scriptures themselves. | | | Another Chaldee version of the Pentateuch, the Jerusalem Targum, likewise interprets this passage of the coming Messiah, and renders it: "Kings shall not fail from the house of Judah, nor skillful teachers of the law from his children's children, until the time that the King Messiah come, and whom the nations shall serve." | | | The rendering given in the Authorized Version is supported by the best and most esteemed Jewish authorities. |
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http://www.realmiracles.com/rabbiwrit3.htm
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| | Mail-Jewish Volume 25 Number 78 |
| | The question is what if anything should anybody do about it, and the answer there is clear. | | | As I already mentioned, from different lines of evidence/testimonies there is already little doubt that the Ben Asher text read "vayihiyu". | | | For some period of time in some communities, Ben Naftoli style torahs continuued to be used and there is a tishuva hundreds of years after the time of ben Asher from the Mahari Mintz (#8) which defends the right of those communities which did. |
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http://www.ottmall.com/mj_ht_arch/v25/mj_v25i78.html
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| | Life and Times of Jesus (vi.iv) |
| | It is curious that, as our present Hebrew text of this verse consists of three words, so does the rendering of Onkelos, and that both end with the same word. | | | Now this divergence of Onkelos from the Hebrew text seems unaccountable. | | | A critical analysis shows that in 82 instances in Onkelos, in 71 instances in the Jerusalem Targum, and in 213 instances in the Targum Pseudo-Jonathan, the designation Memra is not only distinguished from God, but evidently refers to God as revealing Himself. |
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http://www.ccel.org/ccel/edersheim/lifetimes.vi.iv.html
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| | Rabbi Frand on Parshas Acharei Mos- Kedoshim - Torah.org |
| | Parshas Acharei Mos contains the very famous pasuk [verse] "And you shall keep my laws and my commandments that a person shall do, and you shall live by them, I am HASHEM " [Vayikra 18:5]. | | | Onkelos Gives Us a New Perspective on "You Shall Live By Them" | | | (Targum) Onkelos -- Interpretive Aramaic translation of Chumash; written by Onkelos (c. |
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http://www.torah.org/learning/ravfrand/achare96.html
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| | TERUMAH - RASHI COMMENTARY |
| | is a term for casting metal as Onkelos translates it [ | | | [quoted above from Onkelos] [means] its supports, as in: "I am exhausted from ( | | | with which Onkelos translates is from the word |
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http://www.tachash.org/metsudah/s07r.html
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| | Bible and Torah Mile Chai Jewish Books and Judaica |
| | Hebrew/Aramaic texts of Rashi and Onkelos, newly set according to the most accurate texts. | | | Haftaros with new translation, and introductory comments introducing the haftarah and relating it to the Torah reading. |
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http://www.milechai.com/product/stone_chumash.html
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| | Universal Torah: VAYECHI |
| | And he conquered the territories of the nations and destroyed their inhabitants and those who remain of them will serve him and pay him taxes." Onkelos translates the blessing of Benjamin (v. | | | Onkelos' Targum is the first and most authoritative "commentary" on the Torah. | | | It is noteworthy that Onkelos, author of the best-known Aramaic Targum (= "translation") of the Five Books of Moses, departs here from his usual practice of giving the simplest, clearest PSHAT (= "simple meaning") of the Biblical text except where DRUSH, Midrash, "searching out" beneath the surface is absolutely indispensable. |
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http://www.azamra.org/Universal/VAYECHI.htm
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| | Jewish Studies - Translating Conference |
| | Translating Jewish texts has been a Jewish practice from antiquity — with the Septuagint, the Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible, along with the Onkelos translation into Aramaic as paradigmatic examples — and continues to our own day. | | | Jewish multilingualism and multicultural participation in neighboring majority cultures has meant that the Jewish community needed translations of its classic works for its own understanding. |
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http://humwww.ucsc.edu/jewishstudies/translating.html
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| | For Every Jew. |
| | It is the equivalent of "they will judge." Bought it is rendered by Onkelos, "They were judging." The earlier verses (v.22) are expressions of command, looking ahead to the future, therefore they are rendered in the future by Onkelos, "and they shall judge... | | | This is as Onkelos renders it, "And they were judging the people." | | | This is as Onkelos renders it, "they were bringing." |
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http://www.foreveryjew.com/chumash/shemot18-24-27.html
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| | Onkelos - definition of Onkelos by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia. |
| | Onkelos - definition of Onkelos by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia. | | | This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. | | | You may also use the word browser links: |
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http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Onkelos
(84 words)
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| | Targums |
| | Aramaic Bible: Targums in Their Historical Context (Journal for the Study of the Old Testament - Supplement Series, 166). | | | Aramaic for 'interpretations', the name given to the various Aramaic (Chaldean) interpretations and translations of the Old Testament, made in Babylon and Palestine when Hebrew was ceasing to be the everyday speech of the Jews. | | | The targums were transmitted orally and the oldest, that of Onkelos on the Pentateuch, is probably of the 2nd century AD. |
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http://www.occultopedia.com/t/targums.htm
(597 words)
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