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| | Nyaya - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | The Nyaya philosophy's another most important contribution was proving the existence of God (one Supreme God, called Ishwara), mostly by logic, in answer to repeated attempts by Buddhists (which is an atheistic or agnostic philosophy) to disprove the existance of God. | | | Nyaya is the name given to one of the six orthodox or astika schools of Hindu philosophy - specifically the school of logic. | | | According to the Nyaya school, there are exactly four sources of knowledge (pramanas): perception, inference, comparison and testimony. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyaya
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| | Библиотека Luksian key Suhotra Swami. Six Systems of Vedic Philosophy. |
| | Nyaya claims that there are three kinds of extraordinary (alaukika) perceptions: perception of classes (samanya laksana); perception based on association (jnana laksana); and intuitive perception (yogaja). | | | A third Nyaya argument for the existence of God is based on scriptural testimony. | | | For example, it is the doctrine of Nyaya philosophy that there is a God (Nimitta Karana) who is the operative cause of the universe and who organizes and regulates the atoms. |
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http://lib.luksian.com/texte/phil_rel/088
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| | Philosophy |
| | The Nyaya, The Vaiseshika, The Sankhya, The Yoga, | | | Some of the doctrines of the Nyaya, the Vaiseshika, the Sankhya and the Yoga are opposed to the teaching of the Vedas. | | | By practice of Vedanta, one reaches the highest rung of the ladder of spirituality or the pinnacle of divine glory, oneness with the Supreme Being, by the destruction of ignorance (Avidya). |
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http://www.hinduism.co.za/philosop.htm
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| | Astika Schools Orthodox Schools, |
| | Nyaya was composed of two branches, the debate on religion and the theory of logic and debate. | | | This is distinct from the Buddhist school which believes the flow of perception to be responsible for knowledge and ignorance: this is the atmakhyati doctrine. | | | The Nyaya, Vaisesikha and Yoga believe in anyatakhyati or viritakhyati: that ignorance steam from the faulty connection between observation of only the similarities between the object perceived and the object it is thought to be. |
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http://www.indiaprofile.com/religion-culture/astikaschools.htm
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| | Padarthas from the Chapter "Nyaya", in Hindu Dharma : kamakoti.org: |
| | Nyaya also says that the Paramatman is all-pervading, but it does not speak of the to being the same, the Atman and the Paramatman. | | | The Vedas proclaim the existence of Isvara; Nyaya establishes it with anumana or inference. | | | The reason for this is that, according to Nyaya, knowledge exists independently in each individual as a separate factor. |
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http://www.kamakoti.org/hindudharma/part13/chap2.htm
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| | nyaya |
| | The Nyaya Sutras attributed to Gautama, which are the traditional basis for the school, begin by asserting that right knowledge of the means of knowledge and their elements brings one supreme happiness. | | | The Nyayas recognized four such pramanas: perception (pratyaksha), inference (anumana), analogy (upamana), and authoritative testimony (shabda). | | | They believe that all things are composed of nine fundamental substances--the five elements, space, time, mind, and selves, and that whatever exists is both knowable and nameable. |
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http://www2.carthage.edu/~lochtefe/nyaya.html
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| | Indian Logic and Ontology. Bibliography: Advanced Works |
| | The Nyaya and the Buddhist logicians worried over the logical and the epistemological problem connected with the issue. | | | A study of the conflict between the Nyaya-Vaisesika and the Buddhist Dignaga school. | | | Such bare, nonverbalizable perception is called "indeterminate perception" (nirvikalpaka pratyaksa) in Nyaya. |
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http://www.formalontology.it/indian-philosophy-3.htm
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| | Theories of Language and Navya-Nyaya |
| | Indian philosophers of the Nyaya School agree that Sanskrit is a divine language and is created by God. |
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http://www.indianscience.org/essays/t_es_navya_nyaya.shtml
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| | 20th WCP: Cognitive Scepticism Of Nagarjuna |
| | Nagarjuna's main concern here is not to say that what we know about the world is false; rather he maintains that the knowledge claims made by the cognitivists (Naiyayikas and others) are not supported by adequate logical grounds. | | | Gradually the very tradition of questioning the truth-claims with regard to metaphysical and moral matters led to the development of sceptical arguments against the possibility of any 'knowledge-claim'. | | | Nagarjuna devoted 20 verses from 31st 51st in Vigrahavyavartani in order to refute the Nyaya concept of pramana. |
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http://www.bu.edu/wcp/Papers/TKno/TKnoMoha.htm
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| | Indian Logic and Ontology. A survey of Contemporary Readings |
| | (5) New Nyaya, the final phase of Hindu logic, both challenged by Buddhist logic and substantially enriched by it. | | | Some branches of Buddhist logic laid a foundation for formal logic and began to exclude extraneous considerations of ontology, epistemology, and psychology. | | | (4) Buddhist logic, partly a reaction against the old Nyaya. |
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http://www.formalontology.it/indian-philosophy.htm
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| | Encyclopedia: Nyaya Sutras |
| | According to the Nyaya Sutras, there are four means of attaining valid knowledge: perception, inference, comparison, and verbal testimony. | | | Jatis (the word literally means births) comprise the subcastes found within the four major castes, or varnas, of the Indian caste system. | | | Statues of Buddha such as this, the Tian Tan Buddha statue in Hong Kong, remind followers to practice right living. |
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http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Nyaya-Sutras
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| | Ethics of Hindu Philosophy by Sanderson Beck |
| | In India there are six orthodox schools of philosophy which recognize the authority of the Vedas as divine revelation, and they generally function as pairs - Nyaya and Vaishesika, Mimamsa and Vedanta, and Samkhya and Yoga. | | | The Nyaya school formed about the fourth century BC with the Nyaya Sutras by Gautama. | | | The first sentence declares that supreme happiness is attained by knowledge of the sixteen categories which are right knowledge, objects of knowledge, doubt, purpose, example, tenets, inference, confutation, ascertainment, discussion, sophistry, cavil, fallacy, quibble, futile rejoinder, and losing arguments. |
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http://www.san.beck.org/EC11-Hindu.html
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| | assignment8 |
| | Specifically, they are thought to be unacceptable in the context of the Nyaya five-stage form of argument. | | | The argument illustrates the fault of “saying too much” because two reasons are given in stage 2 of the argument, whereas only one is required. | | | Construct an argument that follows the five-stage structure developed by the Nyaya. |
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http://spot.colorado.edu/~harrisov/assignment8.html
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| | Madhurima's Page |
| | They are Gautama’s Nyaya, Kaanada’s Vaiseshika, Kapila’s Samkhya, Patanjali’s Yoga, Jaimini’s Purva Mimasa and Badarayana’s Uttara Mimamsa (or Vedanta). | | | Nyaya believes in the existence of a supreme God who initiates the process of world creation. | | | The oldest existing book on Nyaya is the ‘Nyaya sutra" by Gautama, is based on the theme of knowledge and logical analysis. |
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http://www.geocities.com/fisik_99/philosophy.htm
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| | SriPedia nyaya_siddhanjana |
| | In NyAya Parisuddhi, PramANAs are discussedin detail and PramEyAs are introduced in concised form. | | | NyAya and VaisEshikA (systems) took birth to give us the correct knowledge about them. | | | Apart from these two schools of philosophy, other schools like Saankya, Yoga, MeemAmsa and VedAntA also were born. |
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http://www.ibiblio.org/sripedia/ebooks/vdesikan/nyaya_siddhanjana/index.html
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| | AdvaitaVedanta.co.uk - Science of the Absolute Introduction to Part 2 (b) |
| | These historical prejudices have to be brushed aside by us in our attempt to restate the wisdom of the Absolute in a scientific form. | | | Narayana Guru in the Darsana Mala will be seen in Chapter 7 (jnana-darsanam) to use strictly speaking only four items which are pratyaksha (perception), taken together with aparoksha (self-evident reasoning), anumiti (inferential data) and upamiti (certitude by analogy). | | | In both these sets enumerated above it is not hard to see that the tallying of two aspects in one-one correspondence is important for Nyaya reasoning. |
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http://www.advaitavedanta.co.uk/content/view/56/0
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| | The Advaita Vedânta Home Page - Indian Philosophies |
| | The nyAya school makes these texts to be the compositions of a Creator God, but the existence of this Creator is itself established only through the inferential arguments proposed by the logicians. | | | Another one of the important features of nyAya thought is that it offers a number of cosmological, teleological and anthropic arguments for the existence of a Creator God. | | | When the nyAya authors say that the vedas also offer evidence for the existence of a Creator God, they commit the fallacy of arguing in a circle - the veda is valid because it was composed by a Creator God, and the Creator God exists because the veda says so. |
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http://www.advaita-vedanta.org/avhp/ind-phil.html
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| | Six Philosophies - Histrorical Perspectives |
| | The Nyaya recognizes four sources of knowledge: perception (pratyaksha), inference (anumanA), analogy (upamana), and credible testimony (sabda). | | | The main systems of philosophy are: Nyaya, Vaiseshika, Samkhya, Yoga, Purva MimAmsa and Vedanta. | | | There were various critics of the Nyaya school,and the critics more often than not used the methods of reasoning of the Nyaya school to dispute the claims. |
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http://www.geocities.com/advaitins/SixPhilosophies.html
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| | 20th WCP: Professor Matilal’s Nåvya-Naive Realism vis-a-vis Dummett-Putnam-Mimamsa Anti-Realisms—Some ... |
| | Language only comes into play or into the foreground when judgements are being formed or about to be formed: this is the structured perception; and language should be banished from having concerns with the pre-linguistic, uninterpreted and unstructured or pre-structured data. | | | I am intrigued by all this and so I wish to trace this line of thinking in Matilal's work, which I believe awaits a fuller response from the Buddhist dialectical CRITIQUE OF LANGUAGE, which Matilal chastises as 'linguaphobia'! | | | Why not, however, go all the way and take seriously the Buddhist dialectical argument that even this partial linguisticality, as conceded in the Nyaya cognitive theory, is an imaginative construction, that indeed language is a figment of our desires, intentionalities, which cover up the absence of real causal connections. |
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http://www.bu.edu/wcp/Papers/Asia/AsiaBili.htm
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| | Shruti, Smriti and Nyaya |
| | The Upanishads are known as shruti-prasthana, the scriptures following the principles of six limbs vedic knowledge (Vedangas) as well as Mahabharata, Bhagavad-gita, and Puranas a re known as smriti- prasthana and Vedanta-sutras which present the vedic knowledge on the basis of logic and arguments is known as nyaya-prasthana. | | | All scientific knowledge of transcendence must be supported by shruti, smriti and a sound logical basis (nyaya). | | | Smriti and nyaya always confirm that which is said in the shruti. |
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http://www.indiadivine.com/shruti-smriti-nyaya1.htm
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| | 302finexreview |
| | If you choose perception, be sure to explain the definition given in the Nyaya-sutra. | | | What would Nyaya say and what is your own opinion? | | | Be sure to outline all four of Nyaya's "knowledge sources." Can a person know something by more than one means? |
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http://menic.utexas.edu/asnic/phillips/pages/00F302/302finexreview.html
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| | Classical Indian Philosophy Of Mind: The Nyaya Dualist Tradition; Author: Chakrabarti, Kisor Kumar; Paperback |
| | This view is challenged by other Indian schools, especially the Buddhist and Carvaka schools.Chakrabarti brings out the connections between the Indian and the Western debates over the mind-body problem and shows that the Nyaya position is well developed, well articulated, and defensible. | | | Dualism is important to many world religions which promote personal immortality and to morality which promotes free will. | | | Classical Indian Philosophy Of Mind: The Nyaya Dualist Tradition |
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http://www.netstoreusa.com/phbooks/079/0791441725.shtml
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| | [Ornet] SOS/OWOD for April & "DO IT ANYWAY" by Mother Theresa |
| | My knowledge in Sanskrit compared to their knowledge is like fireflies compared to the Sun. | | | Did Karna do any "nyAya" by joining Duryodhan and supporting him knowing Duryodhan's true nature? | | | But, as a common human being I have (I always had) these questions on "nyAya": 1. |
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http://lists.cs.columbia.edu/pipermail/ornet/2002-April/003591.html
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| | Nyaya Philosophy |
| | His treatises on nyaya or logic are known as Advayasiddhi, Tattvaprabodh, Tattvasangvadinisangrahatika etc but the manuscripts of these works are no longer extant. | | | In the 12th century, many mimamsa and nyaya scholars adorned the court of King laksmanasena. | | | Nyaya philosophers of the 11th century included Sriharsha, author of Khandankhandakhadya and Bhavadev Bhatta, minister of the Radha king, Harivarmadev. |
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http://banglapedia.net/HT/N_0228.HTM
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| | Toward dualism: The Nyaya-Vaisesika way |
| | The difference between the Nyaya view and the Buddhist view on this point is clear. | | | I According to Gotama,(n1) the founder of the Nyaya school, desire (iccha), aversion (dvesa), volition (prayatna), pleasure (sukha), pain (duhkha), and cognition (jnana) are the linga of the self (atman). | | | It may further be asked what kind of mental states could be plausibly said to be uninterruptedly generated (and destroyed) during dreamless sleep. |
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http://ccbs.ntu.edu.tw/FULLTEXT/JR-PHIL/chakrab.htm
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| | [No title] |
| | However, they who study nyaya-sastra only to attain skill in debate do not repeat the true fruit of nyaya. | | | Please tell me." The new student said that some days before in Nabadwip there was a great person named Nimai Pandita. | | | Scholars who understand that grasp the truth of the nyaya-sastra. |
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http://www.mandala.com.au/jaiva_dharma/ch12.htm
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| | Brahma Sutras : the Nyaya Pasthana |
| | We have sutras of all the basic texts of grammar, dharma, bhakti, yoga, sankhya, nyaya, or vedanta. | | | Brahma Sutra is called the Nyaya or Yukti Prasthan, because it logically reconciles and explains the various questions and doubts which may possibly come while going through the Upanishads, the basic pramana granthas. | | | Study of these three is the basic goal of all the students of Vedanta. |
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http://www.vmission.org/vedanta/shastras/bsutras.htm
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| | The Hindu : Karnataka / Hubli-Dharwad News : Eight-day `Nyaya Sudha Mahotsava' in Hubli from November 1 |
| | The Hindu : Karnataka / Hubli-Dharwad News : Eight-day `Nyaya Sudha Mahotsava' in Hubli from November 1 | | | The senior and junior swamijis of Kudli Arya Akshobhya Mutt; Vidyasimhacharya, the Kulapati of the Satyadhyana Vidyapitha, Mumbai; Guttal Rangacharya, Kusanur Ramacharya, Pandharinathacharya Galagali, and Malagi Jayatirthacharya will participate. | | | "Sriman Nyaya Sudha" is a commentary on the "Anu Bhashya" written by Madhwacharya, the founder of Dwaita philosophy. |
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http://www.hindu.com/2005/06/28/stories/2005062808950300.htm
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| | Nyaya -- Encyclopædia Britannica |
| | Like the other systems, Nyaya is both a philosophy and a religion; its ultimate concern is to bring an… | | | The major contribution of the Nyaya system is its working out in profound detail the reasoning method of inference (see anumana). | | | "Nyaya." Encyclopædia Britannica from Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service. |
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http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9056567?tocId=9056567
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| | Lord Gauranga (Sri Krishna Chaitanya Mahaprabhu) |
| | Raghunath spoke out the truth: "Brother Gauranga, I have a strong ambition that I should attain the first place in the whole world as a professor of Nyaya. | | | Anyhow Raghunath requested Gauranga to show him his commentary on Nyaya. | | | With this hope I have written a book on Nyaya thinking that it will beat out all the existing books. |
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http://www.sivanandadlshq.org/saints/gauranga.htm
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| | DARSANA - Electronic Journal of Indian Philosophy Articles, Forums, Book Reviews |
| | A registration form has been set up on http://nyaya.darsana.org for all colleagues who will be wishing to take part in the future Indian Logic Forum either as participants and reading members, or as moderators of panel discussions and special seminars. | | | Main topical forums will cover Pracina Nyaya, Navya Nyaya, Nyaya-Vaisesika, Buddhist logic, Jaina Tarka, Indian skepticism, Comparative and Transcendental logic, Object Theory, Indian Rhetoric, Theory of Argumentation, Theory of Error, Eristic Wheels, Theory of Negation, Indian Terminology and Categoriology, Translation Practices. | | | The Indian Logic Forum is scheduled to open on October 3, 2005 at |
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http://www.darsana.org
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| | Nyaya - definition of Nyaya by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia. |
| | Nyaya - definition of Nyaya by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia. | | | This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. | | | You may also use the word browser links: |
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http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Nyaya
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| | Best Book Buys - Nyaya Books |
| | Inference and Fallacies Discussed in Ancient Indian Logic, with Special Reference to Nyaya and Buddhism | | | Books > Browse > Subject Category > Philosophy > Eastern / General > Nyaya | | | Subject Category > Philosophy > Eastern / General > Nyaya |
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http://www.bestwebbuys.com/Philosophy-Eastern-General-N_10027968-books.html
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| | Nyaya. - Philosophy - What's Been Published |
| | Perspectives on Nyaya logic and epistemology / Sukharanjan Saha. | | | Influence of Nyåaya philosophy on Sanskrit poetics / Sweta Prajapati. | | | Meaning, truth, and prediction, a reconstruction of Nyaya semantics / Sukharanjan Saha. |
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http://www.pitbossannie.com/rps-b-nyaya.html
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| | Nyaya Sutras of Gotama |
| | That the Nyaya Sutra was an important work is also evident from the numerous commentaries on the texts which were written throughout the centuries. | | | Originally, this system only propounded the rational system of philosophy as means of valid knowledge, entirely shown of scriptural dogmas. | | | Written in the aphoristic style, it is believed to have been comprised by Gotama, Gautama or Aksapada who is also considered to be the founder of the Nyaya system of philosophy. |
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http://www.coronetbooks.com/books/nyay0961.htm
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| | NYAYA |
| | NYAYA, the name of one of the six principal systems of Hindu philosophy, and devoted to the dialectics or metaphysics of philosophy. |
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http://simplestartpage.com/2305N_NYAYA.HTML
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| | CONK! Encyclopedia: Philosophy |
| | For instance, the ancient Nyaya school of Hindu philosophy explores logic as some modern Analytic philosophers do; similarly the school of Carvaka was openly atheistical and empirical. |
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http://conk.com/search/encyclopedia.cgi?q=Philosophy
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| | Jay Shaw |
| | Recently, his books, 1) The Nyaya on Meaning: A Commentary on Pandit Visvabandhu and 2) Some Logical Problems Concerning Existence were published by Punthi Pustak, Calcutta. | | | In 1998, his book Cognition of Cognition: A Commentary on Pandit Visvabandhu was published by the Ramakrishna Mission Institute of Culture, Calcutta. | | | 'Knowledge: Some Contemporary Problems and Their Solutions from the Nyaya Perspective', in the edited volume Concepts of Knowledge: East and West, 2000, The R.K.Mission Institute of Culture, Calcutta, pp.244-261. |
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http://www.vuw.ac.nz/phil/staff/shaw.aspx
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| | History of Indian Science and Technology: History of Physics and Chemistry |
| | An intuitive understanding of kinetic energy appears in the texts of Prasastapada and the the Nyaya-Vaisesikas who believed that all atoms were in a state of constant activity. | | | The Pitharapakavada theory offered by the Nyayikas (of the Nyaya school) disagreed, suggesting that the molecular changes/transformations took place without a breakdown of the original molecules into basic atoms, arguing that if that happened, there would also have to be a disintegration of the pot itself, which remained intact, but only changed color. |
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http://india_resource.tripod.com/physics.htm
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| | Vasubandhu [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy] |
| | During the formative years of his life, Vasubandhu may have been introduced by his father not only to the Brahmanical tradition but also to the postulates of classical Nyaya and Vaisheshika, both of which had influence on his logical thought. | | | As a young student, he amazed his teachers with his brilliance and ready wit. | | | In all probability, he officiated at the court of the Shaka princes of the Shilada clan, who at that time ruled from Purusapura. |
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http://www.iep.utm.edu/v/vasubandhu.htm
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| | Nyaya |
| | Arguments constructed according to this method have the following five-stage structure: | | | Nyaya philosophers developed a unique form of syllogistic reasoning. | | | Finally, the respondent offers a formal proof of the refutation in inferential form. |
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http://spot.colorado.edu/~harrisov/nyaya.html
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| | Indian Logic Forum :: Index |
| | Topical discussions on TCM and the New Logic of Nyaya. | | | Discuss articles and entries from Nyaya-kosa as well as the semantic power of individual terms not covered by NK, but used in the technical language of Nyaya. |
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http://nyaya.darsana.org
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| | Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies - Volume II: The Tradition of Nyaya-Vaisesika Up To Gandesa |
| | This volume provides a detailed resume of current knowledge about the classical Indian Philosophical Systems of Nyaya and Vaisesika in their earlier stages, covering the literature from their inception in the Sutras of Gautama and Kanada up to the time of Gangesa - AD 1350. | | | This volume provides a detailed resume of current knowledge about the classical Indian Philosophical Systems of Nyaya and Vaisesika in their earlier stages, i.e. |
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http://www.indiaclub.com/html/9464.htm
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| | Re: Question on English Translations of books on NyAya |
| | Re: Question on English Translations of books on NyAya | | | Is there a English translation of SwAmi DESikan's "NyAya > Parisuddhi" ? | | | Adiyen Alwar ----- Original Message ----- From: Venkat Nagarajan To: Sent: Thursday, April 27, 2000 3:05 AM Subject: Question on English Translations of books on NyAya > Dear Baghavatas, > > I would very grateful if someone can answer the following > two queries. |
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http://ramanuja.org/sv/bhakti/archives/may2000/0001.html
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