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| | Patron Saints Index: Heresy: Manichæism |
 | | Manichæism is a religion founded by the Persian Mani in the latter half of the third century. | | | Manichæism professed to be a religion of pure reason as opposed to Christian credulity; it professed to explain the origin, the composition, and the future of the universe; it had an answer for everything and despised Christianity, which was full of mysteries. | | | Manichæism, like Gnosticism, was an intellectual religion, it despised the simplicity of the crowd. |
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http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/heresy03.htm
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| | Religions in China - Manicheism (www.chinaknowledge.de) |
| | Manicheism is a religion founded by the Parthian (Persian) Mani in the 3rd century CE. | | | As a foreign religion (Chinese: Monijiao æ‘©å°¼æ• or Mingjiao ææ• "Teaching of the Light") it was suppressed together with Buddhism in the 8th century and escaped to the southeastern area of Fujian where Manicheism survived as a Daoist-Synchretist religion until the 15th century. | | | Mani was incarcerated by the Persian ruler - he died in prison, and the center of the Manichean religion shifted to Mesopotamia (modern Irak) and Central Asia. |
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http://www.chinaknowledge.org/Literature/Religion/manicheism.html
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| | Observations on Gnosticism and Manicheism, Howard F. Vos - Free Online Sermons, Christian Writings, Stories, Letters, ... |
| | Manicheism helped to foster the ascetic spirit in the churches and was in large measure responsible for the division of church members into clergy and laity. | | | It left lasting effects on the church, however, negatively in asceticism and the division of Christians into higher and lower orders (clergy and laity) and positively in forcing the church to a clearer definition of her doctrine and the limits of her canon. | | | Some of its teachings survived in Manicheism; and a Gnostic or Manichean type sect, the Mandaeans, still exists in Mesopotamia south of Baghdad. |
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http://articles.christiansunite.com/article3519.shtml
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| | World Religions: Comparative Analysis |
| | Marcionism, Gnosticism, Manicheism, Bogomilism and Catharism (as well as other dualistic religions that swept through the medieval world) all acknowledge the God of the Old Testament as creator but deny his goodness, and see the physical world as the product of his ignorance of higher spiritual deities (the Aeons). | | | This is the case with Gnosticism, Manicheism and the polytheistic religions (see also the Hindu mythology). | | | A similar stand was adopted by Manicheism, a new religion that appeared in Persia in the 3rd century AD. |
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http://www.comparativereligion.com/evil.html
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| | Manicheism |
| | Manicheism is the religion of the followers of Manes, a slave who was sold to a widow who freed and adopted him, thus making him the "son of the widow" a name which after him passed to all his followers and is still used in Masonic Lodges. | | | Of Manicheism, C.W. Oliver, considered an authority on all masonic matters, writes: "Manicheism was one of the most important attempts to found a universal religion and to reconcile the Christian, Buddhist, and Mazdean with the Greek philosophy. | | | It presented the same synergetic ideas found later among Moslem Druzes and among Sikhs. |
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http://christianparty.net/wm/wm0176a.html
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| | 20th WCP: Teaching the Confessions, Books 1-8: Theme and Pattern |
| | As committed as he was to the study of Manicheism, and as many years as he devoted to its teachings, ultimately he could not assent to its doctrines because he could not convince himself of their veracity. | | | But there is no doubt-and this falls under the category of "God works in mysterious ways"-there is no doubt that the one person most responsible for Augustine's break with Manicheism was that sect's most famous spokesperson, the bishop Faustus. | | | For years, Augustine had had doubts and questions concerning many of the Manichean teachings, and for years he had been told to wait for the arrival of Faustus, the Manichean's most renowned apologist. |
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http://www.bu.edu/wcp/Papers/Teac/TeacColg.htm
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| | Iranica.com - MANICHEISM IN CHINA |
| | Manicheism arrived in China in the sixth cent., but its history in there was little known until the first decade of the 20th century when a genuine Manichean text in Chinese, known to scholars as the Traite‚ (see paul pelliot), was discovered in the Cave of Thousand Buddhas in Tun-huang (Dunhuang). | | | But even then the discovery of a well-preserved Manichean text came as a surprise to many scholars, especially to those Sinologists who believed that traditional China was highly impervious to foreign religious influences other than those of Buddhism and Islam. | | | MANICHEISM IN CHINA, the spread of Mani's teaching in China and its literary achievements. |
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http://www.iranica.com/articles/sup/Manicheism_in_China.html
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| | Ms. Taylor History |
| | Beyond the dualism of Manicheism, this sect was anathema to the Roman Catholic Church for its more direct opposition to accepted orthodox doctrine. | | | Their theosophy reflected a disgust with the physical world, especially human reproduction which, according to Manicheism, traps human souls within the realm of matter. | | | His spiritual struggle with his own sexuality is revealed in Augustine’s writings which have left a lasting mark on Christian thought about such concepts as sin, salvation and free will. |
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http://www.sidwell.edu/us/history/taylor/augustine.html
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| | Mani: Gnostic Prophet of Dualism |
| | Manicheism was most successful among the nomads of Central Asia, where it was declared the official religion by the king of the Uigur Turks in 762, and survived until the sixteenth century. | | | At its height in the sixth and seventh centuries, Manicheism was probably the most widespread religion in the world, with members found from Spain to India and China. | | | Today only a few followers of neo-Gnostic New Age movements still revere the writings of Mani as scripture. |
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http://www.ldsmag.com/ideas/040712mani.html
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| | Chapter 3: Priscillianism and Pagan Survivals in Spain |
| | These charges were a belief in the teachings of Manicheism and the practice of magic. | | | Some of these pagan doctrines of Manicheism are to be found in a more or less modified form in the teaching of Priscillianism. | | | Morin's arguments are in brief as follows: the first and longest of these tracts is addressed to an assembly of bishops (beatissimi sacerdotes), and the writer refuted certain specific charges that had been brought against him and the group whom he represented. |
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http://libro.uca.edu/mckenna/pagan3.htm
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| | Azadan Iranian history and religion publication |
| | Even though Buddhism, Christianity and Manicheism made some converts, Zoroastrian communities were in no danger of disapearing completely and continued down to the Islamic conquest. | | | While some writers believe beyond a doubt that these sects are but offshoots of isolated Zoroastrian communities that absorbed elements of other ancient faiths-such as Mithraism, Manicheism and other gnostic ideas-others insist-perhaps for nationalistic purposes-that the religion of the Kurds is an ancient Iranian faith that evolved independently and parallel to Zoroastrianism. | | | These communities however are forced to "pass" as muslims and the many countries they inhabit in the Middle East-the core of Islam-recognize them not as members of a separate faith but rather as "extreme Shiites", as is the case for the followers of the Ahl e Haq in Iran and Afghanistan. |
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http://www.ardyco.com/sample2.htm
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| | Nicene Council |
| | In debate were Monoyphysites, Nestorius, Pelagianism, Manicheism, all in battle against the orthodox position of the divinity of Christ. | | | Here we have a collective church speaking by its authentic voice with a presumption of divine guidance, part of the new world that the church had become. | | | Constantine knew that the dissension could not be bridged by means of reason for there were logical arguments on both sides. |
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http://latter-rain.com/eccles/nicene.htm
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| | Tolkien, Islam, & Manicheism |
| | Christianity defeated Manicheism, which was a very powerful rival in the third, fourth, and fifth centuries. | | | This is why the Islamic Civilization in its glory days seemed to be generally free from a temptation to Manicheism. | | | The victory was due in part because Christianity is a more patient faith and has more staying power. |
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http://www.renewamerica.us/columns/hutchison/040105
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| | Tarim Basin |
| | The Uigurs adopted Manicheism as their religion and developed an alphabet of their own based on Sogdian writing ultimately derived from Aramaic. | | | They contain translations from Sanskrit to the Tarim languages and are mostly Buddhist, but they have also preserved the earliest known Manicheist texts from Sasanid Persia, where Manicheism had been persecuted by the official Zoroastrian religion. | | | Despite being then the most culturally advanced of the many Turkic peoples at that time, the Uigurs did not manage to create an unified state, although the Tarim after their occupation became known as Uiguria or Uiguristan and is still referred to as Chinese Turkestan. |
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http://www.worldhistoryplus.com/t/tarimBasin.html
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| | Religions in China - Zoroastrianism (www.chinaknowledge.de) |
| | While the two other "Persian" religions, Nestorianism and Manicheism are Christian or have at least a Christian base, Zoroastrianism (Zoroastrism, Parsism, Mazdaism, Chinese: Suoluoyasidejiao ç‘£ç¾
äºæ—¯å¾·æ•) is a pure Persian religion that has influenced Manicheism and Buddhism - at least in the belief in the Amitabha Buddha, the Light Buddha. | | | The dualism of bad and evil that is reflected in the teachings of Mani, the founder of Manicheism, as well as in Buddhist teachings of heavens and hells, originates in the Persian dualism of the two gods Hormuzd and Ahriman. | | | The pantheon of Zoroastrianism comprises angels and demons ("devils") like Mithras, a belief that influenced late Judaism and Christianity. |
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http://www.chinaknowledge.de/Literature/Religion/xianjiao.html
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| | Mani and the Pure Ones |
| | At its peak, Manicheism could be found from Spain to China, although it was denounced as heretical by three other religions to which it was related -- Christianity, Buddhism, and Zoroastrianism. | | | Such usage is a secondary meaning of the word, and many who use the term have forgotten that originally Manicheism was a widespread world religion, founded in the third century A.D. It was a threatening rival to early Christianity. | | | Like all other "alien" religions in China, Manicheism was the target of the Great Persecution in the mid-ninth century, but five centuries later Ming emperors still had to take measures against "the religion of the venerable light." |
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http://www.webcom.com/gnosis/thomasbook/ch11.html
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| | East Asian Studies 210 Notes: Turkic Minorities in China |
| | The Yugurs converted from Manicheism, the religion of the 9th century Uighur Empire, to Lamaist Buddhism, and many have been able to preserve that faith. | | | During this time they were converted to Persian Manicheism (a religion which viewed the world as an arena of opposing good and evil forces) and adopted a Sogdian script from Southwest Asia (see the chart of Central Asian writing systems in this packet). | | | These Uighur are the ancestors of the ten thousand or so Yugur, who are also known as the Yellow Uighur after their own self designation. |
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http://pandora.cii.wwu.edu/vajda/ea210/turkic.htm
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| | ENG 251 Patristic Apocalypticism--St. Augustine's City of God |
| | He converted to Christianity in 387, returned to Africa to found a monastic community, and was ordained as priest in 391 and became bishop of Hippo in 395. | | | Augustine's early life was not auspicious of his later career: the son of an ambitious mother (St. Monica) who wanted him both to convert to Christianity and to enjoy a successful career and advantageous marriage, he dabbled in a variety of philosophical and religious beliefs, most notably Manicheism and neo-Platonism. | | | No single figure (outside of Jesus of Nazareth himself) has had such an enduring and far-reaching influence on the beliefs and practices of those communities calling themselves "Christian" as has Augustine of Hippo (354-430). |
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http://www.tncc.cc.va.us/faculty/longt/e251/Tutorial7.htm
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| | Christianity Before St. Augustine |
| | (I mentioned Manicheism: The Persian prophet Mani invented a form of Christianity that was more like a hybrid of Christianity and Zoroastrianism. | | | So Paul found himself trying to explain to Christianity-newbies: (a) there is only one Godde in the entire Universe. | | | On the one hand, up until about 650 BCE, Judaism taught that everything comes from Godde, both the good and the bad. |
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http://www.extremelysmart.com/nokidding/qanda/earlyxty.htm
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| | Introduction |
| | Perhaps there is almost as great a need now-a-days of impressing the great doctrine of the Incarnation on the popular mind as in the days of that great regenerator. | | | In such a religion the Incarnation had no real place; and we find, accordingly, that the Flesh-taking of the Word was formally denied by all the sects of Manicheism throughout Europe. | | | His great community, ramifying through every class, by means of the Third Order, caught all earnest religious souls, and bound them by enthusiasm to his Rule. |
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http://www.hymnsandcarolsofchristmas.com/Hymns_and_Carols/Images/Chope/introduction.htm
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| | Concupiscence In Augustine and Aquinas |
| | After the beginning of his disillusionment with Manicheism, Augustine began to cast about searching once again for wisdom and answers to questions that Faustus could not provide. | | | Thus, it would seem that although there might be some evidence to support the argument that Augustine never abandoned the anti-body tendencies of Manicheism, his position is sufficiently different from the Manichee's. | | | That is, if all existing things are good, then human bodies can not be evil in and of themselves since they were created by God. |
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http://www.studyworld.com/newsite/ReportEssay/SocialIssues/Religion\Concupiscence_In_Augustine_and_Aquinas-32145184.htm
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| | Registan.net :: Central Asia News » Yezidi |
| | Theirs is a mix of any number of religions including Islam, Manicheism, Zoroastrianism, Mithraism, and even ancient buzzard worship. | | | As this description of Yezidism suggests, it’s best to say no one is exactly certain of the origins of the religion. | | | Tantalizing clues point in every direction- rituals involving fire and prayers recited in the direction of the sun are distinctly Zoroastrian; taboos against eating lettuce and beans, baptisms, and the belief that Christ is a prophet hint at Manicheism. |
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http://www.registan.net/?p=3801
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| | Manicheism from LiveJournal |
| | Manicheism was a religion founded by Mani in Mesopotamia in the third century, a syncretic combination of Zoroastrianism, Christianity, Gnosticism, Buddhism and Mani’s own ideas. | | | Hassan I Sabbah’s faith seemed to be a Gnostic dualistic similar to Islam in a Manicheism ideal. | | | 2) Manicheism (present one side as 100% good, the other as 100% bad and evil). |
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http://www.ljseek.com/search/Manicheism
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| | Iranian & Persian Studies |
| | Requirements are adjusted to the interests of the students, but basic language skills are expected of all, whether concentrating in languages, religions, or history. | | | For entry into this program, a knowledge of Persian is assumed and some undergraduate work in Arabic and in the history and culture of the Islamic world is recommended.. | | | Teaching covers all the known pre-Islamic languages spoken by Iranians, as well as several modern languages and dialects not covered by the Persian program, but also the pre-Islamic religions of Iran: Zoroastrianism and Manicheism, as well as history and general civilization. |
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http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~nelc/iranian_persian.html
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| | Nel Mezzo: Chesterton on Neoconservative Manicheism |
| | “This error [Manicheism] had many forms; but especially like nearly every error, it had two forms, a fiercer one which was outside the Church and a subtler one, which was inside the Church and corrupting the Church. | | | There has never been a time when the Church was not torn between that invasion and that treason. |
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http://nelmezzo.typepad.com/nel_mezzo/2004/09/chesterton_on_n.html
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| | Oxford Scholarship Online: Augustine's Commentary on Galatians |
| | Although a first reading of Augustine's Commentary suggests that his purpose was simply to expound the meaning of the Letter to the Galatians line by line in a clear and concise manner, closer reading uncovers implicit polemic against Manicheism, Donatism, Arianism, and paganism. |
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http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/oso/public/content/religion/0199244391/acprof-0199244391-chapter-3.html
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| | A General History of the Near East, Chapter 8 |
| | More to the point, Manicheism turned Zoroastrianism inside out; it argued that the king's support of righteousness was doing more harm than good, and redemption would only come when king and commoner alike accepted a harsh, celibate lifestyle that was the very antithesis of Persian luxury. | | | The Paulician movement in the Byzantine Empire rejected Manicheism, but resembled it in its views on the struggle between light and darkness. | | | The heretical groups that existed in Medieval Europe and Asia Minor may have gotten some of their beliefs from the Manicheans. |
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http://xenohistorian.faithweb.com/neareast/ne08.html
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| | St. Dominic |
| | Manicheism was an ancient Mideast religion that saw the world as a battleground between two opposing principles, good and evil. | | | They associated this evil with all material things, and the good with spiritual things alone. | | | These were Catholics who had lately become infected with Manicheism. |
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http://www.stthomasirondequoit.com/SaintsAlive/id287.htm
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| | [No title] |
| | And if that isn't enough, I want to get into the more arcane and enlightening aspects that, hopefully, evoke in you an awareness of the incredible depth that is intrinsic within this material. | | | I will also mention two later movements: the Cathars and the Troubadours. | | | BROAD RELIGIOUS TRENDS The Hellenistic religious movements I want to review (and we could consider many more) include: that broad category called Gnosticism, as well as Hermeticism, Mithraism and Manicheism. |
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http://www.tomworrel.com/images/The_Rosicrucian_Phenomenon.doc
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| | Mac.ency-Z |
| | Mani was a scholar and theologian born in Iran (Persia) in Ecbatana, at about 215 a.D. His general background was that of Zoroastrianism, but it is believed that he also was a Mithraist. | | | It is Significant that in their Bulls and Encyclicals against those Sects the Popes gave them one and all the name of Manichees; this was because each of them had as its central tenet the doctrine of Dualism. | | | This sect moved westward, and by the Third and Fourth Centuries A.D, had become powerful in the Roman Empire, especially in North Africa. |
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http://www.dancing.org/tsmr/.books/mackey/ZMAP/Zmac-03.htm
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| | Contents |
| | Role of "Five Members of Mind." Based mainly on Christianity, with elements of Buddhism and Zoroastrianism; regarded as heresy by all three. | | | Mani (216-277), "Apostle of Christ," "Paraclete," establishes own religion in Mesopotamia (then under Persian rule) Basic myth of Manicheism: perpetual conflict of Light and Dark, Good and Evil. | | | His Dialogue on Fate -- role of nature, fate, and free will; customs of foreign countries; interest in astrology; knowledge of Hindus and Buddhists. |
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http://members.aol.com/didymus5/toc.html
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| | The Philosophy Resource Center: Mini-Course - Development |
| | The Fathers of the Church (that is, Patres Ecclesiae, whence comes the adjective Patristic) were those holy and leaned men of the first Christian centuries who wrote notable treatises in explanation or defense of the Catholic faith. | | | He taught a mixture of doctrines taken from Zoroaster, the Neoplatonists, the Gnostics, and the Christians. | | | Manicheism holds the theory of two first principles, one of goodness and light, the other of evil and darkness. |
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http://radicalacademy.com/prcminicoursedevelopment3.htm
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| | The Gospel According to George W., by Bill King - Democratic Underground |
| | When Manicheism began in the 200s AD to infect the Christian communities, the church fathers rejected it as heresy. | | | This black vs. white, God's people vs. the "axis of evil" notion which divides reality into two distinct and separate sides conforms to the dogma of an ancient religion called Manicheism. | | | Founded by a fellow named Mani, Manicheism was attractive to those who recognized no gray areas when it came to right and wrong. |
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http://www.democraticunderground.com/articles/04/01/p/20_gospel.html
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| | EVIL IN ANCIENT IRANIAN RELIGIONS - (The Circle of Ancient Iranian Studies - CAIS)© |
| | In the ancient Iranian religious world evil was a fact, a condition of existence, as is apparent not only in so-called "orthodox Zoroastrianism" but also in Zurvanism and the various mystery religions and gnostic tendencies connected with it, notably Mithraism and Manicheism. | | | In the eminently dualistic Zoroastrian religion the need to defeat evil was emphasized, and it was not by chance that Ahriman (q.v.) was one of the prototypes of the enemy. | | | The problem of evil was thus omnipresent, and the solutions to it took as many forms as the conceptions of dualism developed throughout ancient Iranian history. |
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http://www.cais-soas.com/CAIS/cosmology/evil.htm
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| | Augustine |
| | He soon tired of the contradictions within the religion and began to explore Platonic philosophy; it was in the midst of that project that he was converted to Christianity. | | | He began his career as a profoundly successful orator, but soon fell into Manicheism, a mystical relgion that combined Christianity and Mithraism, a Zoroastrian religion older and very similar to Christianity in its basic outlines. | | | In his early adulthood, Augustine struggled with his ambitions, his sexuality, and with competing philosophies and mystical religions, not even accepting baptism until he was thirty-three. |
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http://www.wsu.edu:8000/~dee/CHRIST/AUG.HTM
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| | James Lewis - afterlife religious beliefs |
| | St Augustine, the most influential of the church fathers, converted to Christianity from Manicheism, and some have said that Christianity's antagonism toward the flesh was influenced by Augustine's former religion. | | | Although this movement died out during the Western Middle Ages, the term Manichaeism continued to be used to refer to any sect or teaching that seemed to overemphasize the struggle between good and evil. | | | Its central teaching was a severe dualism between spirit and matter, soul and body. |
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http://www.near-death.com/religion.html
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| | Course Content and Detailed Study Guides |
| | Augustine influenced Western Christianity for over a thousand years. | | | beliefs derived from Manicheism that still influence Christian viewpoints? |
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http://www.clevelandstatecc.edu/Courses/rfitzgerald/HUM2780/chapters/chapter_nine.htm
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| | TULP's sites for Religion |
| | Includes a biography of Mani, an superb archive of manichean texts (psalms, hymns, prayers and even anti-manichaean polemics), a bibliography of classical and recent books on Manicheism and links to other resources on Manicheism |
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http://www.let.leidenuniv.nl/tcimo/tulp/topical/religi.htm
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| | math lessons - Yugur |
| | Here, they converted from Manicheism to Tibetan Buddhism, which is still practiced in Yugur communities to this day. | | | The Yugur are an exception amongst people of Turkic descent, as they did not convert to Islam. |
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http://www.mathdaily.com/lessons/Yugur
(120 words)
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| | The Oud |
| | Ibn Shihnah added that the development of the 'ud was linked to the spread of Manicheism, and its invention to Manes himself, a plausible theory because the disciples of Manes encouraged musical accompaniments to their religious offices. | | | Two authors of the end of the 14th century (Abu al-Fida, or Abulfedae, and Abu al-Walid ibn Shihnah) place it in the reign of the Sassanid King Shapur I (241-72). | | | Reaching China, their apostolate left traces of relations between West and East, seen in a short-necked lute similar to the 'ud. |
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http://www.oud.eclipse.co.uk/history.html
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| | moustache.diaryland.com |
| | In the modern world, most people have never heard of Manicheism. | | | You don't get that in the Story of Job, nor in Noah. | | | Anyway, Manicheism is basically the idea that the supernatural powers for evil and good are fighting for ascendancy in the world, and that neither is more powerful than the other. |
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http://moustache.diaryland.com/030619_30.html
(673 words)
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| | Oktor Skjaervo: Harvard University Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations |
| | I have also worked on developing teaching material for the old Iranian languages (Old Persian, Avestan, Pahlavi, Sogdian) and religions (Zoroastrianism and Manicheism). | | | My current approach to Old Iranian studies by far exceeds my original interests: I teach to whoever may be interested the Old (pre-Islamic) Iranian languages, religions (Zoroastrianism and Manicheism), and history. | | | My work over recent years has been centered on Avestan literature and the foundations of Zoroastrianism, as well as the application of Oral Literary Theory and comparative mythology to ancient Iranian literature and religion. |
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http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~nelc/faculty/skjaervo.htm
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| | quiz24 |
| | Rationalized the materialism and worldly pleasures which Augustine had come to enjoy. | | | After nine years as a Manichean "hearer", Augustine found that he preferred Neoplatonism, because, according to González, in contrast to Manicheism, — | | | As a prodigal youth, Augustine sought the many pleasures of the important city of: — |
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http://individual.utoronto.ca/hayes/earlychurch/quiz24.htm
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| | Manicheism |
| | He ends up believing strongly in Manichee doctrine for nearly ten years, until rational philosophy and astronomy persuade him that the colorful Manichee cosmology is false. | | | Manichee doctrines depended heavily on visualization of the concepts of God and evil, and this dependence greatly delayed Augustine from coming to know God without imagining him. | | | Manicheism - Augustine comes across the Manichee sect in Carthage, when he goes there for his studies. |
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http://www.sparknotes.com/philosophy/confessionsaug/terms/char_5.html
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| | FT January 2000: Mozart Without Music |
| | Manicheism, that strange dualism of Persian origin, is hardly explained. | | | Yet in forsaking Manicheism, he became, not a pagan Platonist, but a Catholic Christian. | | | And what a perplexing event that is. Born of a pagan father and Catholic mother, in an area heavily populated by members of the Donatist sect, Augustine spent most of his early adulthood as a devotee of Manicheism, a Christian heresy. |
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http://www.firstthings.com/ftissues/ft0001/reviews/kenney.html
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| | John Paul II |
| | All she can do is 'to help the history of mankind to be more human,' to guide man along the evolutionary path towards a worldly unity and utopian perfection reminiscent of Teilhard's 'point omega.' | | | john paul ii - carol wojtyla - doctrine of redemption - jovinian heresy - manicheism - ursula oxfort - ecumenical - l'osservatore romano - martin luther king - bonhoffer - robert runcie | | | Jovinian was a fourth century heretic who among other things preached the equality of marriage with virginity embraced for the love of God, and that Catholics who rejected this by giving celibacy priority to marriage were turning to Manicheism. |
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http://www.wandea.org.pl/john-paul-ii.htm
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| | Manicheism as a non-violent, yet true dualism |
| | The ethics of Manicheism is based on Buddha's teachings. | | | Manicheism, last but not least, also believes that in every living organism there is the so-called Cross of Light, parts of Light that have been imprisoned in the world of Matter by the evil God of Darkness to weaken the Kingdom of Light. | | | This confusion originates in the false belief that every dualism means violent fighting among two opposing Gods. |
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http://www.geocities.com/phoenixsparx
(1278 words)
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| | Augustine of Hippo - Tulipedia |
| | After several years as an adherent of the Manichean religion, Augustine read the writings of Neoplatonists such as Plotinus, which in turn helped him move beyond the materialism of Manicheism. | | | Manicheism was two gods battling each other for power, a god of good and a god of evil. | | | Due to his background in Manicheism and his intense study of Neoplatoism he has explored the realm of what evil is and why it happens. |
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http://www.tulipedia.org/Augustine_of_Hippo
(1932 words)
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| | All Things Augustine - Summer 2000 |
| | Manicheism also tended to identify the good with the spiritual, and evil with matter. | | | Therefore the body was regarded as evil, and the soul as good. | | | After all, if his body was inherently evil, then there wasn't anything he needed to do to prevent that. |
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http://heritage.villanova.edu/vu/heritage/allthings/2000SU.htm
(1687 words)
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