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| | More on Eastern Philosophy |
 | | However, Buddhist philosophy as such has its foundations more in the doctrines of anatta, which specifies that all is without substantial metaphysical being, pratitya-samutpada, which delineates the Buddhist concept of causality, and Buddhist phenomenological analysis of dharmas, or phenomenological constituents. | | | Another common thread that often differentiates Eastern philosophy from Western is the belief regarding the relationship between God or the gods and the universe. | | | Because of the influence of monotheism and especially the Abrahamic religions, Western philosophies have been faced with the question of the nature of God and His relationship to the universe. |
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http://www.artilifes.com/eastern-philosophy.htm
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| | China: philosophies and religions |
| | Religion is the belief in a superhuman power that is worship as philosophy is the way one lives ones life. | | | Moving on to the religions of China we will learn about Folk Daoism and Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity. | | | Both Daoism and Buddhism have become religions that borrow ideas from one another. |
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http://ma.essortment.com/chinareligions_rwnh.htm
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| | [No title] |
| | "Philosophy and vain deceit" is one way of giving a foundation for a legalistic religion (as in some forms of New Age teaching). | | | The particular kind of legalism that had disturbed the Galatians was a Jewish alternative to the good news of faith in the power of the Spirit to change people of any race. | | | The other foundation for legalism is a system of tradition (as in Confucianism, Hindu Brahminism and tradition-based Christianity). |
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http://www.brow.on.ca/Books/Colossians/Col03.htm
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| | Trinity Foundation: Explaining God, man, Bible, salvation, philosophy, theology. |
| | The primary example of legalism, one correspondent told me, is the Pharisees, who by their traditions had made void the laws of God. | | | Neolegalism is the appearance of legalism in Presbyterian, Reformed, and Baptist churches in recent years. | | | The Judaizers earned the curse of Paul in his letter to the churches in Galatia, just as the Pharisees earned the curse of Jesus in Matthew 23. |
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http://www.trinityfoundation.org/journal.php?id=112
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| | [No title] |
| | They hoped that this all-encompassing philosophy would give the ruler and the government the knowledge to understand the heavenly and earthly sectors of the triad and the means necessary to regulate the human sector so as to coordinate it with heaven and earth and establish perfect harmony in the universe. | | | This fact, as well as fear on the part of the government regarding growing church power, resulted in persecutions of Buddhists and Daoists and their ultimate decline. | | | Although Buddhism was dominant initially, Confucianism alone among these three schools offered a political and social philosophy suited to the needs of a centralized empire. |
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http://individual.utoronto.ca/leosilenieks/philo/chinese.html
(3037 words)
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| | Philosophy or Christ - John MacArthur |
| | The thought of Paul is this: To return to philosophy would be to cast away the mature teaching of the Bible for the infantile poverty- stricken opinions of an immature religion drawing its being from this world and not God. | | | Paul gives two sources in verse 8: "...philosophy and vain deceit, after the tradition of men [source one], after the rudiments of the world [source two], and not after Christ." The first source is... | | | You don't need philosophy because verse 10 says, "...ye are complete in Him, who is the head of all principality and power [all other spiritual or angelic beings]." His fullness is imparted to us. |
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http://www.biblebb.com/files/MAC/sg2141.htm
(4899 words)
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| | Philosophy Reference |
| | Another interesting debate was over the amount of space that should be devoted to the discussion of the religions on which the philosophy reposes, since there appears to be a much closer link between religion and philosophy in Asian philosophy than in many of the other traditions of world philosophy. | | | On the other hand, readers should be aware that we discuss religion only in so far as it relates to philosophy, and this is not a book on Asian religion. | | | between philosophy and religion or between metaphysics and epistemology) are quite sharply drawn in what has come to be called Western philosophy, i.e. |
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http://www.sirreadalot.org/philosophy/philosophy/philosophyreferenceR.htm
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| | Perennial Philosophy |
| | According to Huxley, one of the problems with religions is their tendency to degrade into "ritualistic legalism", or literal worship of long dead personalities and dogmas. | | | Rudiments of the Perennial Philosophy may be found among the traditionary lore of primitive peoples in every region of the world, and in its fully developed forms it has a place in every one of the higher religions. | | | First: the phenomenal world of matter and of individualized consciousness--the world of things and animals and men and even gods--is the manifestation of a Divine Ground within which all partial realities have their being, and apart from which they would be non-existent. |
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http://www.mysticmissal.org/perennial_philosophy.htm
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| | Overview of Russian Philosophy |
| | Russian philosophy produced large-scale projects of comprehensive transformation of the world, including such ideas, proclaimed by Solovyov and Fedorov, as "Godmanhood," "total-unity," eschatological transfiguration and the end of history, the restoration of Christian unity, the victory over blind forces of nature, infinite cosmic expansion and the resurrection of dead. | | | The Russian synthesis of philosophy and religion, the phenomenon of "religious philosophy," is unique in the history of thought. | | | The philosophy of dialectical and historical materialism played the role that in traditional societies belongs to mythology and religion. |
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http://www.emory.edu/INTELNET/rus_thought_overview.html
(2291 words)
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| | A History of Muslim Philosophy |
| | Our discussion is, perforce limited to these classical philosophies and their spirit; Chinese medieval and modern philosophies are not delineated, nor is Buddhism in China, nor Chinese Buddhism. | | | Those schools of Buddhism which tried to preserve their original philosophical purity failed to achieve currency in China and, hence, remained ineffectual in Chinese intellectual life. | | | While these latter schools survived, the others passed into insignificance. |
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http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/hmp/5.htm
(4032 words)
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| | Chinese philosophy - Free Encyclopedia |
| | Its origins are often traced back to the Yi Jing (commonly spelled "I Ching"), an ancient compendium of divination, which introduced some of the most fundamental terms of Chinese philosophy. | | | These latter two became the determining forces of Chinese thought until the 20th century, with the introduction Buddhist philosophy negotiated largely through perceived similarities with Daoism. | | | Added a very simplistic explanation of the impact of Buddhist philosophy, which was sizeable though perhaps not as significant as established schools -- prat--> |
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http://www.wacklepedia.com/c/ch/chinese_philosophy.html
(614 words)
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| | earlychina |
| | Legalism philosophy of the state of Ch'in which destroyed the Chou in 256 BC and unified China. | | | Although challenged first by legalism and then Buddhism, remained dominant intellectual force in China until 20th century. | | | Became an important doctrine for Chinese philosophy and history down to 20th century. |
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http://www.loyno.edu/~seduffy/earlychina.html
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| | Seed Church |
| | Control was a major part of the schools philosophy with both its students and other churches. | | | It was clear throughout Jesus ministry that the Pharisee philosophy was completely different from Jesus philosophy. | | | Wouldn't this be the group of people God would most want to associate with?" Funny you should ask, because God couldn't stand the Pharisees. |
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http://www.dyingtolive.org/blog
(6860 words)
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| | A History of Islamic Philosophy; ; Majid Fakhry |
| | Professor Fakhry descusses the legalism, rationalism, and mysticism of Islamic thought and its impact upon the cultural aspects of Muslim life. | | | He examines the rise of nineteenth-century Pan-Islamism which attempts to unite the politically disunited Islam into a spiritual unity, and he follows that distinct line of development which gave it the unity of form characteristic of all the great intellectual movements in history. | | | The author has based his work on primary sources, chiefly in Arabic, but has also consulted a great number of manuscripts, books, and monographs in Arabic, Persian, English, French, German and Spanish. |
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http://www.columbia.edu/cu/cup/catalog/data/023105/0231055331.HTM
(345 words)
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| | Philosophy Resources on the Web |
| | It covers the areas of ethics, aesthetics, social philosophy, political philosophy, epistemology, and metaphysic logic as well as material on the philosophy of law, religion, science, history, education and language. | | | YREC: Yoga Research and Education Center -- The YREC site points to numerous links that serve Yoga researchers, educators, and practitioners around the world who value the oral and literary traditions of Yoga in their Hindu, Buddhist, and Jaina forms. | | | It also includes complete coverage of international articles from anthologies and books written in English and other languages. |
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http://www.lib.iastate.edu/collections/eresourc/philosop.html
(1250 words)
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| | Philosophy??? - BioWare's Official Jade Empire Site |
| | I'm actually really interested in the philosophys of Asia, they do make alot of sense, without being that imposing as a "We're the ultimate religion" like alot of western religions. | | | the shaolin monks made Ch'an Buddhism by mixing Buddhism and Taoism, Chinese emperors would usually mix Legalism and Confucianism, some branches of Buddhism praise Hindu gods, most Chinese people even today incorporate Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism into their beliefs). | | | Just take JE as an example, even a detail description from Bioware is still rather vague if you ask me, and people still debate a bunch between the two path, what happens if there are like.... |
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http://jade.bioware.com/forums/viewtopic.html?topic=431545&forum=79
(1489 words)
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| | Ancient Dynasties: II |
| | When the most practical and useful aspects of Confucianism and Legalism were synthesized in the Han period (206 B.C.-A.D. 220), a system of governance came into existence that was to survive largely intact until the late nineteenth century. | | | In later periods these theories came to have importance both in philosophy and in popular belief. | | | Still another school of thought was based on the doctrine of Mo Zi ( |
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http://www-chaos.umd.edu/history/ancient2.html
(1201 words)
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| | Legalism |
| | Consequently, the sovereign should show no wavering in bestowing rewards and grant no pardon in administering punishments, and he should add honor to rewards and disgrace to punishments--when this is done, then both the worthy and the unworthy will want to exert themselves... | | | The Qin Dynasty, operating under the Legalist philosophy, finally unified China in 221 BC. | | | Books and scholars which held beliefs against Legalism (such as Confucianism) were destroyed. |
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http://www.geocities.com/Tokyo/Springs/6339/Legalism.html
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| | Scenes from Legal Ethics Classrooms |
| | What kind of philosophy do you see yourself living? | | | <1> What kind of philosophy do you need to be a lawyer? | | | What kind of qualifications would you want to make before associating yourself with such a claim? |
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http://www.wvu.edu/~lawfac/jelkins/pr-03/philosophy/aa_exercise.html
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| | WH-2 |
| | Discuss the role and influence of religion and philosophy on ancient civilizations. | | | Role and influence of religion and philosophy on the ancients: | | | Greek philosophy, and the significance of reason when applied to nature and society. |
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http://www.campbell.edu/faculty/Slattery/WH-2.html
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| | Ge Hong [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy] |
| | These political conditions, along with the social chaos they engendered, no doubt gave rise to Ge Hong's ardent desire to establish order and permanency in both his spiritual and secular worlds. | | | During the Han dynasty (206 BCE - 220 CE), particularly during its latter half, Confucianism gradually became the dominant ideology, hence the education and knowledge of officials became more centered on the Confucian classics. | | | His most important contribution to Chinese philosophy was his attempt to reconcile an immortality-centered Daoism with Confucianism. |
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http://www.iep.utm.edu/g/gehong.htm
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| | Philosophy 102B |
| | More specifically, we will study the historical origins and beliefs of the philosophies found in traditions such as Vedic ritual, Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism, Mohism, and Legalism. | | | We will explore issues surrounding the nature of philosophic inquiry, social ethics, metaphysics, epistemology, human nature, aesthetics, religion, and logic. | | | Eastern philosophy makes use of many terms unfamiliar to many American students, so there will also be a need to master a rich, new vocabulary. |
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http://www.bcc.ctc.edu/ArtsHum/materials/phil/Storey/145syllwin03.htm
(557 words)
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| | Chinese Cultural Studies: Philosophy and Religion in China |
| | When he is accepted he is initiated into the community life of humility, labor, service, prayer and gratitude, and meditation. | | | Chinese Cultural Studies: Philosophy and Religion in China | | | One unusual doctrine that Mencius supported was that of the natural goodness of mankind, for which he found proof in the natural love children have for their parents. |
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http://acc6.its.brooklyn.cuny.edu/~phalsall/texts/chinrelg.html
(2886 words)
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| | Legalism (philosophy) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | More recently, Mao Zedong, who had some knowledge of ancient Chinese philosophy, compared himself with Qin Shi Huang and publicly approved of some Legalist methods. | | | However, this view of the Qin may be biased, as most of the Chinese historical records were written by Confucian scholars, who were persecuted under the Qin. | | | Han Feizi believed that a ruler should govern his subjects by the following trinity: |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legalism_(philosophy)
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| | Movements Philosophy Society English LoCuaL |
| | ▶ Zen Philosophy: English Society Religion and Spirituality Buddhism Lineages Zen Philosophy | | | ▶ Islamic Philosophy: English Society Religion and Spirituality Islam Philosophy | | | ▶ Jewish Philosophy: English Society Religion and Spirituality Judaism Philosophy |
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http://locual.com/D/Idioma/English/Society/Philosophy/Movements
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| | The Colossian Heresy |
| | Paul’s statement in Colossians 2:18 shows that the self-appointed teachers at Colossae taught a doctrine of "false humility and the worship of angels." But neither the pagan Greeks nor the Phrygians had any concept of angels. | | | What was the problem that shook God’s church at Colossae? | | | He also referred to Judaism as "the philosophy of our fathers" and as "Judaic philosophy" (Legatio ad Gaium 23 and 33). |
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http://www.wcg.org/lit/bible/epis/colossian.htm
(3188 words)
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| | The Confucius - Han Fei Tzu Question by Aurpon Bhattacharya |
| | Legalism was precisely what China needed as a unifying force. | | | He had lived through abject poverty and hence his philosophy would obviously be from the point of view of the peasants and common people. | | | To know their philosophies better we first need to learn who they were. |
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http://www.boloji.com/spirituality/058.htm
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| | Classical Chinese Philosophy Homepage |
| | The words "Chinese philosophy" often conjure up images of dragons and Buddhas, yins and yangs and other esoteric symbols. | | | This school deals with the Dao (translated as "the Way") as the natural flow of the universe. | | | Their efforts culminated in various philosophies, which were mainly blueprints for government which would hopefully bring the land out of chaos and back under a stable, unified rule. |
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http://www.geocities.com/Tokyo/Springs/6339/philosophy.html
(290 words)
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| | Han Feizi |
| | Han Feizi explains that if a ruler does not sufficiently reward ministers and subjects for being faithful or does not sufficiently punish them for being unfaithful, then that ruler may lose the faithfulness and loyalty of his ministers and subjects. | | | In a well-ordered society, punishments are inflicted on individuals who deserve them, and are not inflicted on individuals who do not deserve them. | | | The rectification of the legal system requires that rewards and punishments be administered to individuals who deserve them, and that they not be administered to individuals who do not deserve them. |
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http://www.angelfire.com/md2/timewarp/hanfeizi.html
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| | UO Philosophy:Concentrations:Phenomenology |
| | Many of the key ideas in Asian philosophy, as in western philosophy, can be traced to the so-called Axial period from 800 to 200 BC., where what we now refer to as Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Carvaka, Confucianism, Mohism, Taoism and Legalism came to be developed. | | | The gap between theory and practice which seems almost constitutive of much of western philosophy is absent in Asian philosophy, where the focus is on liberation from attachment to self in the context not of individualism but communitarianism. | | | The department is committed to the study of the most important philosophical writings associated with these traditions, including writings from the Axial and later periods. |
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http://philosophy.uoregon.edu/concen/eastern.html
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| | Philosophy 100: Hegel's Philosophy of History |
| | It will be what causes the development of peoples and ethical worlds, the history of the spirit of the world. | | | War for him is not the result of hatred between peoples. | | | Legality is heteronomy; it is obedience by compulsion to a law that goes beyond us and that does not come from us. |
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http://sweb.uky.edu/~rsand1/phi100/hegel.html
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| | Confucianism, Daoism & Legalism Free Term Papers |
| | Even to the day, their influence can be espied in the many matters of China. | | | Each party had their own proposals for creating an idealistic political society where the many problems they faced in their everyday lives could be eliminated. | | | Amidst the chaos of political instability and constant warring of the Zhou era, arose many intellectual thinkers that brought such profound impact in the field of politics, religion and philosophy. |
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http://www.oppapers.com/read.php?id=27933&idenc=KxyHiuJa
(162 words)
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| | The Daoism-Taoism Philosophy |
| | Sunzi(Sun Tzu), who was said to be once taught by Laozi personally, has established himself as a great military strategist. | | | The Taoism Philosophy is the Tao(Way) of Lao Tzu professed in his only book | | | Confucius had visited Laozi three times; it is arguable that he had been influenced considerably by Laozi. |
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http://www.daoism.net
(154 words)
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| | Eastern Philosophy |
| | Kuo Hsiang's Commentary on the Chuang Tzu --click on text for primary source | | | Structure and Study of Chinese Philosophy see Analysis of the Meaning of Concepts and Categories |
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http://nths.newtrier.k12.il.us/library/teacher_assignments/eastern_philosophy.htm
(195 words)
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| | CHAPTER I |
| | Only in so doing can group life thrive and realize the words of Xun Zi: "First harmony, then unity; if unity, then strength and power triumph over things." | | | With regard to the relation between the group and the individual, these four schools could be divided into Confucianism, Mohism and Legalism on the one side, and Daoism on the other. | | | Based on answers to problems of human life, the ideas concerning human life and social ethics took shape and developed in traditional Chinese philosophy: the different answers generated the different schools. |
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http://www.crvp.org/book/Series03/III-7a/chapter_i.htm
(892 words)
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| | Legalism |
| | The ruler is to conduct himself with great shrewdness, keeping his ministers and family at a distance and not revealing his intentions. | | | Shang Yang was particularly important for the development of legalism since it was he who served as governor of the state of Ch'in and strengthened it to the extent that it was able to unify China in the following century. | | | Han Fei-tzu had been taught by the Confucianist Hsun-tzu, whose philosophy claimed that people were basically evil but could be guided towards goodness. |
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http://philtar.ucsm.ac.uk/encyclopedia/china/legal.html
(568 words)
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| | Legalism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Legalism in Christian theology is a pejorative term referring either to the imposition of excessive religious rules of behavior (also known as letterism) or to a system of meriting salvation through doing good works, something the Apostle Paul denied was possible (Ephesians 2:8-9). | | | This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title. | | | a school of Korean legal thought originating in the Joseon Dynasty era. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legalism_(disambiguation)
(144 words)
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| | Antonio S. Cua (ed.) - Encyclopedia of Chinese Philosophy - Reviewed by Manyul Im, California State University, Los ... |
| | Indeed, attempts to define Legalism very quickly devolve into either arbitrary or controversial assumptions about the identity of these other schoolsâ”bringing in their wake larger questions about the aptness of âschoolâ identity for many older texts at all. | | | Legalism is a movement that is as difficult to define as it is to disentangle from a variety of ruling techniques that both Confucian and Daoist texts embrace. | | | Instead, the text is discussed extensively in an entry called âPhilosophy of Change.â In fact this is representative of the Encyclopedia; as I have mentioned, it avoids all use of Chinese text titles as entries. |
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http://ndpr.nd.edu/review.cfm?id=1352
(1706 words)
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| | Legalism -- Encyclopædia Britannica |
| | The model of a pious person is depicted in the righteous one of Psalm 5, “his delight is in the law of the Lord, and on his law he meditates day and night.” In the Hellenistic period (c. | | | The school of Chinese philosophy known as Legalism attained prominence during China's Warring States period (481–221 BC). | | | Of the various schools of thought that arose in China's classical age, legalism was the first to be accorded official favour. |
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http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9047627?tocId=9047627
(462 words)
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| | Legalism |
| | This utilitarianism would survive as a dynamic strain of Chinese political theory up to and including the Maoist revolution. | | | But it is not so easy to dismiss Legalism as this short, anomolous, unpleasant period of totalitarianism in Chinese history, for the Legalists established ways of doing government that would profoundly influence later governments. | | | Most of the Ch'in laws were attempts to move people from useless activities, such as scholarship or philosophy, to useful ones. |
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http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/CHPHIL/LEGALISM.HTM
(691 words)
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| | Ethics of Legalism, Qin Empire and Han Dynasty by Sanderson Beck |
| | The commentaries on the teachings of Lao-zi in the Han Fei-zi may have been by his followers in an era when legalism was trying to survive by merging with Daoism. | | | This chapter is part of the book China, Korea and Japan to 1875, which has now been published. | | | Wu Di appointed Dou Ying, Tian Fen, and Zhao Wan to the top three positions, all of whom were sympathetic to Confucian philosophy. |
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http://www.san.beck.org/EC16-Legalism.html
(14635 words)
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| | Chinese Cultural Studies: Han Fei: Selections from The Writings of Han Fei (c. 230 BCE) |
| | Why do you think Legalism appealed to some people? | | | A third school of thought that emerged in the chaos of the late Zhou era was Legalism, which rejected both the Way of nature, as embraced by Daoists, and Confucianism's emphasis on the primacy of the moral way of antiquity. | | | Such was the reason why the early kings esteemed Legalism and handed it down to posterity. |
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http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/core9/phalsall/texts/hanfei.html
(872 words)
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| | NodeWorks - Encyclopedia: Han Feizi |
| | Han Feizi's philosophy experienced a renewed interest under the rule of the Communist Party during the leadership of Mao Zedong, who personally admired some of the principles laid out in it. | | | His philosophy was very influential on the last King of Qin and the first emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang, becaming one of the guiding principles of the ruler's policies. | | | Parallel to this, he envisioned that an ideal ruler made laws, like an inevitable force of nature, that the people could not resist. |
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http://pedia.nodeworks.com/H/HA/HAN/Han_Feizi
(382 words)
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| | The Useless Tree: A Legalist Market Solution for Contemporary China? |
| | But I think there are two problems with his argument. | | | And, regarding, market-like thinking in ancient Chinese philosophy, Mencius has a quite sophiticated notion of the division of labor that I have been meaning to blog about for some time.... | | | You certainly know Shang Yang better than I, and I do not doubt that there may be elements of market-oriented, or proto-market, thinking in his work. |
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http://uselesstree.typepad.com/useless_tree/2005/09/a_legalist_mark.html
(1220 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | Because the Dynasty that adopted this philosophy was rather universally hated it was not wise to be associated with it. | | | State Confucianism When it was first developed Confucianism was seen as useless by most. | | | The doctrine of Legalism was adopted by the state that eventually gained control and ended the Warring States Era. |
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http://newton.uor.edu/facultyfolder/jeremy_anderson/teach/320z_confucianism.doc
(567 words)
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| | Chinese Philosophy - Legism or Legalism (www.chinaknowledge.de) |
| | The most important representants of legist state philosophy were Guan Zhong 管仲 (see Guanzi 管å), Shang Yang å•é
(see Shangjunshu å•åæ¸) and Han Fei é“é (see Hanfeizi é“éå). | | | In fact, the Han Dynasty had taken over most legist bureaucratic institutions of the Qin Dynasty and altered them to meet the new demands of a unified China. | | | By these measures, states adopting legist practices were able to become stronger than their neighbors and to win hegemony over the feudal states of the Warring States era, first Qi é½, later Qin 秦 that finally founded the first empire of China. |
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http://www.chinaknowledge.de/Literature/Diverse/legism.html
(372 words)
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