|
| |
| | Eternity and Time in William Lane Craig’s Kalam Cosmological Argument |
 | | In Arabic scholastic useage, kalam referred to specific theological or apologetical discourse involving proofs for the existence of God, God& justice and mercy, or doctrinal interpretations from the Qur&. | | | Thus, the modern version of the kalam cosmological argument is (1) everything that begins to exist has a cause of its existence; (2) the universe began to exist; therefore (3) the universe has a cause of its existence (1979, 63). | | | His modern version of the kalam cosmological argument—first formulated by the Mutakallimun, the Muslim scholastics of the ninth century—rests on empirical arguments as well as a priori considerations that an actual infinite is impossible. |
|
http://www.infidels.org/library/modern/james_still/kalam.html
(3825 words)
|
|
| |
| | Definition of Abdul Kalam |
| | It is believed that he reads both the Qur'an (the main holy text of his family's faith, Islam) and the Bhagavad Gita (the main holy text of India's majority religion, Hinduism), and many hope that he will be able to heal recent religious factionalism in India (especially in Gujarat). | | | Kalam acknowledged in many places that he is following Tirukkural; in most of his speeches, he quotes at least one kural. | | | Abdul Kalam - One Hundred Tamils of 20th Century (http://www.tamilnation.org/hundredtamils/abdulkalam.htm) |
|
http://www.wordiq.com/definition/Abdul_Kalam
(749 words)
|
|
| |
| | Dr A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, Indian Missiles |
| | Kalam took the oath in the name of God as a 21-gun salute boomed in the background. | | | Dissapointed at his rejection by the IAF, Kalam visited Rishikesh where he bathed in the Ganga and met Swami Sivananda — "a man who looked like Buddha". | | | He calls it "the second vision of the nation" and says he wants to focus on the children of India to ignite in their minds a love for science and the nation's mission: a developed India. |
|
http://www.geocities.com/siafdu/kalam.html
(2065 words)
|
|
| |
| | KR to Kalam Caste, religion and the Indian presidency |
| | Kalam, at 71, would have witnessed Tamil Nadu’s zealous non-brahmin movement (1920s to 1950s) and the subsequent rule of the shudras by the DMK. | | | According to Naqvi, “Kalam, for all his devotion to Rama, still has to catch up with Abdul Rahim Khan-e-Khana’s verses in Sanskrit to Dasarath’s son”. | | | It takes a Kalam who renounces his caste, rejects his religion, embraces the sanathan dharm, denies the social realities of the nation, and cultivates a militant patriotism, to become the head of state. |
|
http://www.countercurrents.org/dalit-anand080603.htm
(4079 words)
|
|
| |
| | Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam: Self-Made Bomb Maker |
| | Kalam, 66, has never hidden the passion for a powerful India that has driven him since he was growing up in a poor family on the coast of Tamil Nadu. | | | Some accounts have said that Kalam's affection for Hinduism developed when a primary-school teacher separated him as a Muslim and placed him at the back of a classroom, prompting tears from a Brahmin boy who was his best friend. | | | Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was born on Oct. 15, 1931, on Dhanushkodi, an island off Tamil Nadu, where his father rented a boat to fishermen who worked the narrow strait between India and what was then Ceylon, now Sri Lanka. |
|
http://partners.nytimes.com/library/world/asia/052098india-kalam-profile.html
(928 words)
|
|
| |
| | Professor William Craig's Criticisms of Critiques of Kalam Cosmological Arguments |
| | We may suppose that the standard form for kalam cosmological arguments is as follows: Whatever begins to exist has a cause; the universe began to exist; therefore the universe has a cause. | | | And it is also unclear to me why even theists should grant that the premises have the status which this interpretation requires; surely sinless belief in God could perfectly well go along with rejection of Craig's controversial physical and metaphysical premises. | | | Of course, this is not to say that Davies, Hawking and Grünbaum offer compelling reasons for Craig to give up his belief that kalam cosmological arguments are sound--but it is important to see that this is an entirely separate issue. |
|
http://www.infidels.org/library/modern/graham_oppy/davies.html
(4721 words)
|
|
| |
| | A critique of the kalam argument |
| | Craig believes, not only that the kalam argument establishes that the universe has a cause, but also that there is a strong argument for the saying that this cause must be a person. | | | I shall be particularly concerned with the cogency of the causal principle on which the argument rests ("Whatever begins to exist must have a cause"), with the relation that is alleged to hold between the First Cause and the universe, and with the implications for the nature of the First Cause. | | | Craig, "In Defense of the Kalam Cosmological Argument," Faith and Philosophy 14, 236-247. |
|
http://stripe.colorado.edu/~morristo/kalam2.html
(8991 words)
|
|
| |
| | An Introduction to 'Ilm al-Kalam |
| | Kalam, in the sense of logical and rational argument about the principal doctrines of Islam, has a special and distinguished place in the Shi'ah tradition. | | | The 'aqli part of kalam consists of the material which is purely rational, and if there is any reference to naqli (tradition), it is for the sake of illumination and confirmation of a rational judgement. | | | The difference in matters of kalam causes disunity in their Islamic outlook, and the disagreement in the matter of fiqh deprives them of the unity of action. |
|
http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/ip/kalam.htm
(15294 words)
|
|
| |
| | Classical Islamic Arguments for the Existence of God |
| | The former laid special emphasis on the argument from contingency in a manner which definitely influenced the later Mutakallims; the later showed definite predilection for the teleological argument (dalil al-‘inayah) which had a basis in the Qur’an,[14] and was of a more compelling nature than the other arguments, according to him. | | | The Traditional argument of Kalam presupposes a preliminary thesis upon which the theological treatises place a considerable emphasis: the thesis of the newness or temporality of the universe (al-huduth). | | | Prior to the rise of the Mu‘tazilah, who initiated the whole current of scholastic theology (kalam) in Islam, of course, the question of the demonstrability of God& existence, like the remaining questions of rational theology, could hardly arise. |
|
http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/ip/pg1.htm
(4443 words)
|
|
| |
| | The Kalam Cosmological Argument: A Summary |
| | "Professor Mackie and the Kalam Cosmological Argument." Religious Studies 20 (1985): 367-75. | | | Note especially the phrase "when one goes back to the real time in which we live." This is a remarkable scientific confirmation of what kalam philosophers have been saying for a long time and what mathematicians such as Cantor and Hilbert confirm: the actual infinite cannot exist. | | | The Arabic word kalam means "speech," but more broadly it means "natural theology" or "philosophical theism" (Craig, Kalam, 4). |
|
http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/billramey/kalam.htm
(4016 words)
|
|
| |
| | Kalam - India's next president, The Milli Gazette, Vol.3 No.13, MG59 (1-15 Jul 02) |
| | Kalam’s analogy between science and spirituality is also interesting to note. | | | Regarding these he says, “While science has a habit of questioning, spirituality is based on certain known principle. | | | He quotes with ease from both the Holy Quran and the Hindu religious text Bhagwad Gita. |
|
http://www.milligazette.com/Archives/01072002/0107200293.htm
(1617 words)
|
|
| |
| | Kalam |
| | Henceforth in all the great figures in kalam disputation one can see clearly what was only implicit in Juvayni: to the extent that they took kalam seriously at all, it was in the form of modifying the conclusions of Falsafah so as to bring its analyses into accord with Islamic community loyalties. | | | The original Mu'tazili school of kalam continued to be represented both among Jama'i-Sunnis and especially among Twelver Shi'is, and made progress even outside Islam: many Jewish scholars professed a kalam that was Mu'tazili in substance. | | | The Seljukid Toghril-beg's vizier, al-Kunduri, ordered that all Mu'tazili teaching (in which he included other kalam as well) cease, and Juvayni had to leave home; but in Mecca and Medina, where he took refuge, he gained such a name-though still in his twenties-that his followers subsequently called him 'imam of the two holy cities', Imam-al-Haramayn. |
|
http://www.ghazali.org/articles/hodg2.htm
(2011 words)
|
|
| |
| | Graham Oppy on the Kalam Cosmological Argument |
| | Mackie is merely reiterating a traditional objection to the kalam argument which states that although an infinite series cannot be formed by beginning at a point and successively adding to it, an infinite past does not involve a beginning point and so evades the thrust of the argument. | | | 93-95; a refutation of the argument in William Lane Craig, The Kalam Cosmological Argument, Library of Philosophy and Religion (London: Macmillan, 1979). | | | In short, it seems to me that Mackie's objections to the second premiss of the kalam cosmological argument are unsound and that Oppy's attempt to reinstate them is no more successful than Mackie's original statement of them. |
|
http://www.leaderu.com/offices/billcraig/docs/oppy.html
(3014 words)
|
|
| |
| | A Swift and Simple Refutation of the Kalam Cosmological Argument? |
| | In short, while the kalam cosmological argument enjoys the enormous heuristic advantage of being formulable in a simple syllogism, so that it can be easily communicated to a philosophically or scientifically untutored person, it is by no means simplistic and cannot be defeated by swift and simple objections. | | | I take this to be an enormous concession to the practitioner of kalam and to the power of his argument. | | | The defender of the kalam cosmological argument seems to be on secure ground in appropriating the Big Bang theory as empirical confirmation of the beginning of the universe. |
|
http://www.leaderu.com/offices/billcraig/docs/kalam-oppy.html
(6075 words)
|
|
| |
| | kalam -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - Your gateway to all Britannica has to offer! |
| | The 10th-century school of Ash'ariyyah moved kalam back toward traditional faith, accepting, for example, the eternal, uncreated nature of the Qur'an and its literal truth. | | | The most prominent early school was the 8th-century Mu'tazilah, which asserted the supremacy of reason, championed free will, and rejected an anthropomorphic characterization of God. | | | It arose during the Umayyad dynasty over varying interpretations of the Qur'an and over questions the Qur'an provoked, including those on predestination, free will, and the nature of God. |
|
http://concise.britannica.com/ebc/article-9368845
(107 words)
|
|
| |
| | Kalam - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | "Kalam" (علم الكلم) in Arabic means "speech" or "discourse", and refers to the Islamic tradition of seeking theological principles through dialectic. | | | It also refers to the trend in Islamic thought of scholasticism, somewhat akin to the rabbinical tradition of ascertaining the law. | | | Followers of kalam are referred to as Mutakallimun. |
|
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalam_(Islamic_term)
(106 words)
|
|
| |
| | World of Kalam |
| | The calendar of the world of Kalam is comprised of a 360 day year. | | | It is coming along, starting with naming them, and then building their priesthood amongst their mortal followers. | | | Added the aspects of Nature to the Pantheon of Kalam |
|
http://www.fantaseum.com/kalam
(805 words)
|
|
| |
| | Outlookindia.com : Wired |
| | Kalam unfolds vision of 21st century Indian soldier | | | Rejected by IAF, Kalam found peace in company of yoga guru | | | Devotees may be asked to take vows for nation-building: Kalam |
|
http://www.outlookindia.com/pti_coverage.asp?gid=207
(599 words)
|
|
| |
| | The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Main News |
| | Mr Partap Singh Bajwa, PWD Minister, who accompanied Dr Kalam on behalf of the Chief Minister, however, was given a set of religious books. | | | After paying his obeisance at the Golden Temple amid the chanting of hymns from Guru Granth Sahib — ‘kudrat de sab bande’ (all human beings belong to the almighty), Dr A.P.J. Abdul Kalam was honoured by the SGPC at its information office with a shawl, a citation of the temple and sets of religious books. | | | After Queen Elizabeth R. and her husband, Mr Phillip, who visited the Golden Temple on October 14, 1997, Dr Kalam is the second person who was given the opportunity to write his spiritual experience at the Golden Temple in this special book. |
|
http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20030324/main6.htm
(1006 words)
|
|
| |
| | A.P.J. Abdul Kalam - India's President |
| | Abdul Kalam wrote: I have always been a religious person in the sense that I maintain a working partnership with God. | | | The high priest of Rameshwaram Temple Pakshi Lakshmana was a very close friend of Abdul Kalams father. | | | Everybody prostrated themselves except Iblis, or Satan who refused. |
|
http://www.dalsabzi.com/Articles/abdul_kalam.htm
(853 words)
|
|
| |
| | Abdul Kalam |
| | It would be good if Dr. Kalam could ignite some passion in the minds of our leaders. | | | And that he plans to establish centres with video facilities across the country so that students everywhere can communicate directly with him. | | | Not surprising, perhaps, but no President has done it so far. |
|
http://abdulkalam.blogspot.com
(1428 words)
|
|
| |
| | Hamid al-Din al-Kirmani [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy] |
| | Al-Kirmani was also an accomplished philosopher belonging to that select group of Ismaili da‘is of the Iranian lands who amalgamated in an original manner their Ismaili theology (kalam) with different philosophical traditions, notably a type of Neoplatonism then current in the Muslim world. |
|
http://www.iep.utm.edu/k/kirmani.htm
(795 words)
|
|
| |
| | Abdul Kalam:life |
| | A vegetarian and a teetotaller, Abdul Kalam recites the Quran and the Bhagvad Gita with equal ease. | | | But neighbours remember him as a reserved boy who was very interested in reading books. | | | The Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was born on 15 October 1931 at Dhanushkodi in the Rameswaram district of Tamil Nadu. |
|
http://www.keral.com/celebrities/Kalam/life.htm
(496 words)
|
|
| |
| | Kalam as a colleague |
| | Kalam's vision of making India strong came to the fore especially when he headed the IGMDP. | | | In the assessment of both Narayana Moorthi and Sivathanu Pillai, Kalam's forte was identifying the strengths of his team members and building on them. | | | Kalam and Rajan, who co-authored the book India 2020 : A Vision for the New Millennium (1996), worked together in ISRO and in TIFAC. |
|
http://www.thehindu.com/fline/fl1913/19130180.htm
(1408 words)
|
|
| |
| | Kalam's return gift to the young- The Times of India |
| | This is Kalam's fifth book, the earlier ones being My Journey, Wings of Fire, Vision 2020 and Ignited Minds. | | | Dedicated to students and youths, the gift comes in the form of a book, Envisioning an Empowered Nation — Technology for Societal Transformation, which will hit the stands next week. | | | In his latest book, Kalam the teacher shares, what he has learnt from his interactions with people. |
|
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/cms.dll/html/uncomp/articleshow?msid=286574
(201 words)
|
|
| |
| | Indian President Abdul Kalam bows to Hindi Chauvinists |
| | of India Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam comes from the state of Tamil Nadu. | | | Like most Tamils, he does not know Hindi. | | | A clear message to anyone who does not bow to Hindian politicians' dictates [Section 11 of Reference 2].) |
|
http://www.geocities.com/tamiltribune/02/0801.html
(1369 words)
|
|
| |
| | Kalam makes low-profile visit to Puttaparthi |
| | Kalam's journey can be said to closely mirror that of independent India towards technological self-sufficiency. | | | What is not very well known is the personal | | | Asked who his role model was, Kalam recalled his school days and said his first role model was his third standard teacher K Subramaniam Iyer, who made him think big and advised him to have vision for the future. |
|
http://home.hetnet.nl/~ex-baba/engels/articles/kalam.html?FACTNet
(1260 words)
|
|
| |
| | Amazon.com: India 2020: Books: A.P.J. Abdul Kalam,Y.S. Rajan |
| | Ignited Minds: Unleashing the Power Within India by A.P.J Abdul Kalam | | | Buy this book with Ignited Minds: Unleashing the Power Within India by A.P.J Abdul Kalam today! | | | The country needs more Kalams and not Salaams in the North and South Blocks of New Delhi to realize this vision. |
|
http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0140278338?v=glance
(1505 words)
|
|
| |
| | Career of Dr. A. P. J. Kalam II |
| | Those who had laughed at the failure in August 1979, were now vying with one another to heartily congratulate all concerned, particularly Kalam who was honoured by not only the entire scientific community of India but also by the Government of India. | | | This was the way Kalam showed his gratitude to his mentor. | | | There were those at Thumba who had doubts whether Kalam and his group would be able to deliver the goods. |
|
http://www.newindiadigest.com/kalam2.htm
(2284 words)
|
|
| |
| | webindia123-Indian personalities-Politicians-Abdul Kalam |
| | He is also the Author of the books 'India 2020 : A vision for the New Millennium'(1998 with YS Rajan), 'Wings of Fire : an Autobiography' and 'Ignited Minds – unleashing the power within India'. | | | In the 1960's Kalam joined the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre at Thumba in Kerala. | | | He was born to parents Jainulabdeen Marakayar and Ashiamma on 15th October, 1931, at Dhanushkodi in Rameshwaram district, Tamil Nadu. |
|
http://www.webindia123.com/personal/politician/abdul.htm
(451 words)
|
|
| |
| | Kalam's 2nd call in a week: Get real |
| | It is a great pleasure to see a "hands on" Preside... | | | The document, given to each MP yesterday, comes exactly a week after his Independence Day address to the nation where he said that building temples and mosques was hardly the legacy by which future generations will remember the present one. | | | This messeage though addressed to MPs, is in reali... |
|
http://www.indianexpress.com/full_story.php?content_id=30161
(617 words)
|
|
| |
| | rediff.com: A P J Abdul Kalam elected 11th President of India |
| | In the 292 strong West Bengal Assembly, Sehgal got 197, in Kerala 39 out of 152 and in Tripura 41 out of 60. | | | In this world, there is no place for fear: Kalam | | | Of the total value of votes secured by Kalam, the highest came from Uttar Pradesh with 386 members giving a total value of 80,288 votes followed by Maharashtra where 280 members voted for him giving a vote value of 46,200. |
|
http://www.rediff.com/news/2002/jul/18prez2.htm
(581 words)
|
|
| |
| | HindustanTimes.com - A P J Kalam |
| | Unless India stands up to the world, no one will respect us | | | Abdul Kalam was born in a middle-class Tamil family at Dhanushkodi in Tamil Nadu on October 15, 1931. | | | Kalam begins his day by reading from the Gita |
|
http://www.hindustantimes.com/news/specials/kalam/home.shtml
(312 words)
|
|
| |
| | Kalam tells governors: Shed your political parts- The Times of India |
| | Addressing the governors' conference, he pointedly asked: ``Can we collectively say that today such well intended position is upheld by each one of us? | | | Since the "people and media focus their attention on action emanating from the governor", Kalam asked them to seek answers from within the confines of the Constitution. | | | NEW DELHI: In a clear disapproval of the role played by some state governors during political crises he has witnessed in his three years in office, President A P J Abdul Kalam on Tuesday urged them to shed their political pasts while performing their dharma as constitutional heads. |
|
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1142291.cms
(446 words)
|
|
| |
| | MIT Kalam History |
| | It was his father who wanted him to take up science in the college. | | | Avul Pakir Jainulabhudin Adbul Kalam, was born on the 15th October, 1931, at Rameshwaram in TamilNadu. | | | Kalam says there are many more avenues wherein defence technology can be used for a social cause. |
|
http://www.angelfire.com/mi/goldenmit/kalamhis.html
(1756 words)
|
|
| |
| | The Hindu : Front Page : President at home |
| | Kalam, ``Uncle, did you make it?'' To his ``Yes,'' she responded, ``Why did you make such a small rocket?' The practised raconteur's story was greeted with laughter. | | | Kalam is a pure vegetarian and he likes avial, vatha kozhambu, and mor kozhambu," is SHAR intelligence. | | | During his two-day stay at Sriharikota, the President narrated this story to his friends from the SLV-3 days. |
|
http://www.hindu.com/2005/05/06/stories/2005050608210100.htm
(479 words)
|
|
| |
| | Dr. A P J Abdul Kalam : Indian Legends @ muraleedharan.com |
| | Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam has spent all his life near the three water frontiers of India. | | | Dr Kalam and Rajan believe that as a nation India should aim to reach at least the fourth position by 2020. | | | They see infinite energy that can be released not only from thermonuclear explosions but also from the human resource latent in the ordinary people of India. |
|
http://muraleedharan.tripod.com/legends_abdulkalam.html
(1619 words)
|
|
| |
| | One Hundred Tamils - Abdul Kalam |
| | Kalam was born on October 15, 1931 in the temple town of Rameswaram | | | Kalam went to the Schwartz High School, Ramanathapuram. | | | [see also Abdul Kalam.Com ; A P J Abdul Kalam; Indians of 20th Century - A.P.J. Abdul Kalam |
|
http://www.tamilnation.org/hundredtamils/abdulkalam.htm
(1705 words)
|
|
| |
| | Kalam, India's next President--Ummah.comGeneral |
| | The choice of Abdul Kalam, a Muslim, came three months after the country's worst religious bloodshed in a decade in the western state of Gujarat where nearly 2,000 people, mostly Muslims, were killed by Hindu mobs. | | | Abdul Kalam's candidature is being seen as a way for the BJP to prove its secular credentials. | | | The Indian President-designate once said about his Pakistani name-sake: "He is a patriot. |
|
http://www.ummah.net/forum/showthread.php?t=5688
(883 words)
|
|
| |
| | Kalam's classes for Musharraf |
| | This was followed by an informal conversation between the two men and the guests who had been invited for lunch, which lasted for an hour. | | | President Musharraf spent two hours with President Kalam, who also presented the general with a set of his books, including Vision 2020 and the Urdu translation of Wings of Fire. | | | After welcoming his guest and exchanging pleasantries, the scientist-statesman took the general to his personal room and invited him to take a look at some of the projects he had been working on. |
|
http://in.rediff.com/news/2005/apr/19spec1.htm
(454 words)
|
|
| |
| | The Telegraph - Calcutta : Nation |
| | The President loves to hear from his companions whether they have learnt anything during their travels with him, an official said. | | | The note, to be handed in within two days, must also contain their opinion on how they should be advancing India’s interests in Ukraine. | | | But if Kalam has injected a dose of seriousness into what must have mainly been a junket for his delegation, he has also shown during the tour that he is capable of doing the opposite as well. |
|
http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050603/asp/nation/story_4818520.asp
(433 words)
|
|
| |
| | CIOL : News : Partner for better education: Kalam |
| | Kalam said, "India has got 600,000 villages and 70 percent of the people live in these villages. | | | Kalam further added that the language neutral software and content can be generated initially in three languages and can be reached to states with large population in the country, for example UP, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and other states. | | | Kalam also highlighted the need to promote education in-built with entrepreneurial training among the higher secondary and university students. |
|
http://www.ciol.com/content/news/2005/105040508.asp?nl=4_19143_Apr5
(385 words)
|
|
| |
| | Kalam consulting legal experts - Deccan Herald |
| | Mr Kalam may then invite him to form the next government. | | | Mr Kalam also had a meeting with former Chief Justice of India J S Verma. | | | Senior advocate in the Supreme Court Ashok Arora feels that the president is bound to call the leader of the single largest party or the pre-poll alliance to form the government but he should be convinced that the government would enjoy the confidence of the House. |
|
http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/may122004/i2.asp
(591 words)
|
|
| |
| | India can also invest in other country, says Kalam |
| | Referring to his to Russia, Kalam said ties between India and Russia, which have already been strong, would be further strengthened following his visit to that country. | | | Referring to Iceland, which he termed as a "beautiful island", Kalam said the emphasis was laid on pushing trade ties between the two nations to three digits. | | | India can also invest in other country, says Kalam |
|
http://news.indiainfo.com/2005/06/05/0506kalam-investment.html
(787 words)
|
|
| |
| | Abdul kalam meets Vajpayee-Karaikal student tops national test |
| | Kalam is expected to meet Fernandes and Samajwadi Party leader Mulayam Singh Yadav later in the day. | | | Kalam is scheduled to meet Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee later in the day. | | | The sources said Congress president Sonia Gandhi would also be requested to personally endorse Kalam’s nomination. |
|
http://raseenalah.tripod.com/karaikal/news/today6.html
(701 words)
|
|
| |
| | President of India Abdul Kalam |
| | A.P.J. Abdul Kalam was sworn in as the 11th President of India by Chief Justice of India on July 25, 2002 in the Central Hall of Parliament. | | | Born Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam on Oct. 15, 1931, he began his early education at a village school in the southern port of Rameshwaram. | | | President Abdul Kalam's address to the Nation on the eve of Republic Day |
|
http://www.indianembassy.org/president
(161 words)
|
|
| |
| | Celebrity Astrology & Horoscope-Indian President Abdul Kalam |
| | Shri APJ Abdul Kalam was born in a village near Rameshwaram District on 15th Oct. 1931. | | | Moon is Debilitated and Jupiter and Mercury are exalted in his birth chart. | | | The chart is having three planets in exaltation or own sign of good position which is a very favorable sign for the native. |
|
http://www.findyourfate.com/astrology/celebrity/Kalam.htm
(52 words)
|
|
| |
| | The Hindu : National : Kalam launches speech applet |
| | Kalam said he was inspired to develop the applet when two visually challenged persons — Deependra Manocha and Asif Iqbal — met him at Rashtrapati Bhavan recently. | | | Kalam said he wanted them to come out of the Braille system but agreed to replace the "mouse" with keyboards that will be visually impaired-friendly. | | | Republication or redissemination of the contents of this screen are expressly prohibited without the written consent of The Hindu |
|
http://www.hindu.com/2005/01/27/stories/2005012712301200.htm
(324 words)
|
|
| |
| | CIOL : News : President Kalam launches digital library |
| | Stressing the need to take knowledge bank to every nook and corner of the country, the President said that one lakh books’ digital library should be available in every college of the country. | | | The portal will have about 27,000 books in a digitized form. | | | The portal, which is a part of the Universal Digital Library Project portal has about 27,000 books in a digitized form. |
|
http://www.ciol.com/content/news/2003/103091603.asp
(428 words)
|
|
|
