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| | Arabic language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | The Arabic language (اللغة العربية; al-luġatu-l-ʿarabīyatu, less formally, عربي ʻarabī) is the largest member of the Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family (classification: South Central Semitic) and is closely related to Hebrew and Aramaic. | | | Since the written Arabic of today differs substantially from the written Arabic of the Qur'anic era, it has become customary in western scholarship and among non-Arab scholars of Arabic to refer to the language of the Qur'an as Classical Arabic and the modern language of the media and of formal speeches as Modern Standard Arabic. | | | Maghreb Arabic (Algerian Arabic, Moroccan Arabic, Tunisian Arabic and western Libyan) |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_language
(2337 words)
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| | Judeo-Tat language - encyclopedia article about Judeo-Tat language. |
| | Judeo-Romance languages Judeo-Romance languages are those languages derived from Romance languages, spoken by the various Jewish communities, and altered to such an extent to gain recognition as languages in their own right, joining the great number of other Jewish languages. | | | The language is closely related to Middle Persian; it belongs to the Iranian division of the Indo-European languages. | | | Yemenite The Yemenite Hebrew language or Temani Hebrew language is a descendant of Biblical Hebrew traditionally used by Yemenite Jews. |
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http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Judeo-Tat+language
(1968 words)
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| | Arabic Language History |
| | For example, when Arabic was introduced into the Iranian Plateau after the fall of the Sassanian Empire to the Arab armies in the 630s C.E., it seemed to overwhelmingly dominate the Indo-European Persianate languages of the region for a while. | | | The rise of Arabic to the status of a major world language is inextricably intertwined with the rise of Islam as a major world religion. | | | This development, however, was helped along by the fact the Umayyad caliph 'Abd al-Malik declared Arabic the sole language of the government chancelleries in the 690's C.E. "Semitic" and "Hamitic" are adjectives that were formed based on the names of sons of Noah mentioned in the Biblical story of the Flood. |
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http://www.indiana.edu/~arabic/arabic_history.htm
(5852 words)
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| | Jewish Language Research Website: Judeo-Arabic |
| | The other extreme of the Arabic continuum (standard Arabic) is not found in full in Literary Judeo-Arabic, but it is a resource for style shifting, as many authors attempted to use it with mixed success. | | | On the other hand, Standard Arabic is still the anchor for the left side of the Judeo-Arabic continuum, as it is in constant contact with the ethnolect and influences its structure and development. | | | The Importance of the Language Continuum in Arabic Multiglossia. |
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http://www.jewish-languages.org/judeo-arabic.html
(2364 words)
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| | Jewish Language Research Website: Judeo-Persian |
| | As a Jewish language, written Judeo-Persian belongs to the same type as written Judeo-Arabic of the Classical period, as it uses CNP as a model, is written in Hebrew characters, and includes some Hebrew loanwords (but not as many as in Yiddish). | | | Non-Persian Iranian languages of Iran, mostly in their specifically Jewish varieties, such as Yazdi, etc., but also Kurdish; these are spoken by elderly immigrants in Israel and seem to be withering in Iran, due to the spread of education and the mass media. | | | For writing the Jews used the same language as their Muslim compatriots, with minor differences (fewer Arabic words, some Hebrew and Aramaic words, Hebrew characters). |
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http://www.jewish-languages.org/judeo-persian.html
(1513 words)
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| | NATIONAL PROFILES OF LANGUAGES IN ýEDUCATION: ISRAEL : LANGUAGE POLICY |
| | French, recognized as important because of cultural, political and economic ties and as the community language of a sizable body of immigrants, is taught optionally (or as a required subject in place of Arabic) from 5th to 12th grade. | | | For speakers of Hebrew, Arabic is a required subject from 7th to 10th grade (the fourth year has just been added in the new policy) and optional in 5th, 6th, 11th and 12th grades. | | | All schools in the Arab sector use Arabic as their language of instruction, and teach Hebrew as a second language and English as a foreign language. |
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http://www.biu.ac.il/hu/lprc/lprcprof.htm
(2173 words)
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| | ARABIC LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE |
| | The influence of the later (from the 19th century on) Arabic translations of the Bible on modern Arabic writings and language. | | | The approach to studying Arabic language and Islamic | | | Students who come to the Department are already proficient in basic Arabic and are able to understand simple texts. |
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http://www.tau.ac.il/humanities/arabic.htm
(599 words)
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| | Beth Hatefutsoth - Related Links |
| | As a variant of Arabic it belongs to the Semitic family of languages, but unlike standard Arabic, Jude-Arabic is written with Hebrew characters. | | | Judeo Tatar is the Jewish version of Tatar, a language belonging to the Altaic family of languages. | | | Jewish Aramaic is a generic term describing dialects and variants of Aramaic, a language closely related to Hebrew and belonging to the western branch of the Semitic family of languages. |
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http://www.bh.org.il/Links/JewishLangs.asp
(2803 words)
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| | Jewish-Languages Mailing List: May 2001 |
| | In fact, all of the responsa of the geonim, as well as their legal works, were in Arabic and later translated in Hebrew. | | | The Rambam's commentary on the Mishnah was written in Arabic. | | | So even most of the Jewish languages do not possess such an elevated status as Hebrew, the works in many of these languages are worthy of study. |
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http://www.jewish-languages.org/ml/200105.html
(1840 words)
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| | Jewish_languages |
| | Thus Yiddish, once the language of the majority of the world's Jews, continues to be spoken, as are nearly all the languages discussed in the preceeding section. | | | At the beginning of the nineteenth century, Yiddish was the main language of Jews in Eastern Europe (thus making it the language spoken by the majority of Jews in the world), while Ladino was widespread in the Maghreb, Greece, and Turkey; smaller groups in Europe spoke such languages as Italkian, Yevanic, or Karaim. | | | Hebrew is the language of daily life in Israel, though a substantial proportion of the country's citizens are immigrants who speak it as their second language. |
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http://www.apawn.com/search.php?title=Jewish_languages
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| | Perspectives on Diglossia |
| | The only variety of Arabic so far to break off and form its own language is Maltese, and most scholars agree that this happened because the Maltese are Christians and don't consider the Arabic language sacred in the same way that Muslims do. | | | One explanation for this is that the Classical language that was used for the Qur'an was a special form of the language common to all of the tribes that existed in the Arabian peninsula at the time of the prophet that had previously only been used in the traditional poetry. | | | The Qur'aan and the pre-Islamic poetry were the primary sources of the prescriptive standard for the written language, which has since that time been held in the highest regard by the entire Muslim community as the language of the Qur'aan and the language that the angels in heaven speak. |
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http://www-personal.umich.edu/~andyf/digl_96.htm
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| | CDEISI Main Page |
| | Arabic and Islamic studies, history of religions, Islamic theology, religion and social conflict. | | | Eleven of the twelve members know and use in his or her teaching and research one or more of the major languages of the Islamic world. | | | Persian language and literature, Arabic literature, Sufism, Iranian religions. |
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http://www.unc.edu/depts/cdeisi/emory.htm
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| | Multilingualism in Israel |
| | Arabs who speak the Palestinian dialect of Arabic as their first language and whose schools teach Standard Educated Arabic, find it necessary to learn Hebrew both formally in school and informally at work. | | | English is de facto the second language of speakers of both Hebrew and Arabic. | | | Arabic, the language of Israel's largest minority and of the region, is taught in junior high school to Jewish pupils, a small percentage of whom continue to study it at high school. |
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http://www.biu.ac.il/hu/lprc/fog0000000007.html
(529 words)
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| | Ethnologue 14 report for language code:AJU |
| | Their Arabic is closer to Moroccan Arabic than to Moroccan Judeo-Arabic. | | | Investigation needed: intelligibility with Tunisian Judeo-Arabic, Moroccan Spoken Arabic, bilingual proficiency in Hebrew. | | | Much intelligibility with Tunisian Judeo-Arabic, some with Judeo-Tripolitanian Arabic, but none with Judeo-Iraqi Arabic. |
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http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=AJU
(173 words)
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| | Judeo-Arabic languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The Judeo-Arabic languages are a collection of Arabic dialects spoken by Jews living or formerly living in Arabic-speaking countries; the term also refers to more or less classical Arabic written in the Hebrew script, particularly in the Middle Ages. | | | Their dialects of Arabic did not thrive in either country, and most of their descendants now speak French or Modern Hebrew; as a result, the Judæo-Arabic dialects are now considered endangered languages. | | | They wrote—sometimes in their dialects, sometimes in a more Classical style—in a mildly adapted Hebrew script (rather than using Arabic script), often including consonant dots from the Arabic alphabet to accommodate phonemes that did not exist in the Hebrew alphabet. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judeo-Arabic_language
(295 words)
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| | Our Links |
| | DAVAR is a free hebrew dictionary/lexicon, helpful tool for study of Old Testament language as well as modern ivrit | | | Uses the singing of Hebrew songs as a way to teach the language | | | Representative selection of modern Hebrew poetry written in the past 50 years in Israel |
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http://www.jafi.org.il/education/diaspora/links/language.asp?startcatid=10
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| | meet3 |
| | Family names - over 10% of names were of Hebrew or Aramaic origin, nearly half of Arabic or Berber origin, just under 20% or romance origin. | | | The document was translated into at least 7 languages and enjoyed wide circulation between the wars. | | | Definition of “Jew” in NA must fall back on allegiance to Jewish faith and traditions, for it was that which determined, throughout centuries, the fact that a person was a Jew. |
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http://www.u.arizona.edu/~shaked/Tunisia/meet3.html
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| | RMIsaac's LinguaPages |
| | Arabic Language on the WWW: a list of sites related to Arabic | | | MODERN STANDARD ARABIC: "About's Arab Culture site has a special section devoted to resources for studying the Arabic language. | | | Language Construction Kit: "This set of webpages...is intended for anyone who wants to create artificial languages-- for a fantasy or an alien world, as a hobby, as an interlanguage. |
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http://www.eskimo.com/~rmisaac/lang.html
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| | Propaganda leaflets of World War 2: Translation of Hebrew language propaganda booklet |
| | Judith Rosenhouse and fellow scientists did extensive earlier research on the Judeo-Arabic languages in general. | | | "Of the eight books he wrote and illustrated for the Ministry of Information, several appeared not only in European languages but in three forms of Arabic (classical, Moghrabi and Ladino, the Hebrew script for Moroccan Jews), and Farsi." | | | Yiddish, Ladino (a language spoken in Spain by the Sephardic Jewish community), Judeo-Arabic, Judeo-Persian-Turkish and other dialects spoken by the Mountain Jews of the Caucasus or the Bukharans, Judeo-Kurdish (which is an Aramaic based dialect), Judeo-Maghrebi dialect. |
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http://members.home.nl/ww2propaganda/transla3.htm
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| | Yiddish alphabet, pronunciation and language |
| | From the 13th century they started to use the Hebrew script to write their language, which linguists refer to as Judeo-German or occasionally Proto-Yiddish. | | | The earliest known fragment of Judeo-German is a rhyming couplet in a Hebrew prayer book dating from 1272 or 1273. | | | During subsequent centuries, Judeo-German gradually developed into a distinct language, Yiddish, with two main dialects: Western Yiddish, which was widely spoken in Central Europe until the 18th century, and Eastern Yiddish, which was spoken throughout Eastern Europe and Russia/USSR until World War II. |
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http://www.omniglot.com/writing/yiddish.htm
(324 words)
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| | Languages |
| | The Nature of Old Arabic and its Change into Middle and then Modern Arabic | | | The National Capital Language Resource Center : bi-lingual Arabic/English newsletter for Arabic K-12 teachers. | | | Mastering Arabic's Nuances No Easy Mission (Washington Post, Tuesday, May 28, 2002; Page A09) |
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http://www.library.cornell.edu/colldev/mideast/lang.htm
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| | History of Tunisian Jews |
| | French culture has so fascinated the Tunes that it became the major contesting force for their moral values, challenging in a couple of generations the Judaism of their ancestors and the Arabic culture where they had lived for centuries. | | | The language which was a mixture of Arabic with typical connotations | | | The economy is disastrous, commercial exchanges practically non existant and the Jews are subjected to all kinds of vexations from the part of the Arabic population. |
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http://www.harissa.com/eng/tunehistoireeng.htm
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| | On-Campus Arabic Resources |
| | A collection of documents written primarily in Judeo-Arabic (Arabic written in Hebrew characters...) | | | The Arabic table, which meets for about an hour every week, is an opportunity for students and speakers of Arabic at Princeton to get together and speak Arabic over a meal at Forbes College. | | | During the Spring 2000 semester, subtitled Arabic films were shown on alternating Tuesday evenings at 8:00 p.m. |
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http://web.princeton.edu/sites/NearEastern/Arabic/oncampus.htm
(189 words)
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| | Multiglossia in Judeo-Arabic |
| | He has published extensively on Judeo-Arabic language and linguistics, Arabic linguistics and dialectology, the history of Judaic languages, and proficiency-based teaching of Hebrew and Arabic. | | | Part One places the language of the Judeo-Arabic text of the Scroll within the multiglossic history of Judeo-Arabic. | | | This volume contains a study of multiglossia in Judeo-Arabic in addition to a critical edition, annotated translation, and a cultural and a grammatical study of The Purim Scroll of the Cairene Jewish Community, written in 1524 to commemorate the deliverance of the Jews of Cairo from Ahmad Pasha, the governor of Egypt. |
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http://www.brill.nl/product.asp?ID=6958
(344 words)
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| | Benjamin Hary |
| | In addition to regular radio news broadcasts in Hebrew, Arabic, English and Russian, there are additional broadcasts in Yiddish, Judeo-Spanish, Rumanian, Hungarian, Polish, French and the language of Ethiopia, Amharic. | | | Because the population of Israel is made up of people from many countries, radio news is broadcast in about 14 languages besides Hebrew, said Hary. | | | In most countries, the language of the news media is very limited, said Benjamin Hary, associate professor of Hebrew and Arabic in the Department of Middle Eastern Studies and director of the Linguistics Program. |
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http://www.emory.edu/EMORY_REPORT/erarchive/1997/April/erapril.7/4_7_97BenHary.html
(581 words)
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| | FORWARD : FastForward |
| | Judeo-Arabic was thus a kind of repository of the Iraqi community's history; as with so many of the world's traditional Jewish languages, it is today spoken mostly by the elderly. | | | They spoke Arabic or French or English when conducting business with the outside world, but to each other they also spoke Arabi mal Yehud (Judeo-Arabic), a language spoken only by the Jews of Iraq, consisting of a mixture of Arabic and Hebrew, as well as scattered words from Aramaic, Persian, Turkish, French and English. | | | Like language, cuisine is a repository of a community's history, often in the vestigial foodways of foreign invaders long since repelled. |
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http://www.forward.com/issues/2002/02.09.27/fast2.html
(1307 words)
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| | JUDEo-ARABIC |
| | JUDEO-ARABIC (Iraqi Judeo-Arabic, Jewish Iraqi=Baghdadi Arabic, Arabi, Yahudic) | | | Source: S. Apostolides "Our Lord's prayer in one hundred different languages", London, 1869. |
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http://www.christusrex.org/www1/pater/JPN-judeo-arabic.html
(21 words)
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| | Ladino |
| | The director is Avner Peretz has collected over 300 volumes written in Ladino and, in some cases, translated into Judeo-Arabic, another language used by Jews. | | | Ladino, like all languages, has a verbal tradition and like some, but not all languages, it also has a literature. | | | The Instiute also houses letters and hand written “manuscripts” (literally hand writing) and Bar Mitzvah speeches all written in Ladino. |
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http://www.jbuff.com/C071300.htm
(304 words)
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| | Hary |
| | To appear in The Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Hebrew and Aramaic Elements in Jewish Languages. | | | Humanism, Culture, and Language in the Near East: Studies in Honor of George Krotkoff, | | | 15: Language and Culture in the Near East: Diglossia, Bilingualism, Registers, S. |
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http://www.princeton.edu/~rsimon/bhary.html
(284 words)
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| | Books Received in The Jewish Studies Library, November-December, 2002 |
| | Subjects: Judeo-Arabic language -- Foreign elelments -- Hebrew. | | | Jewish and Muslim dialects of Moroccan Arabic / Jeffrey Heath -- London ; New York : RoutledgeCurzon, 2002. | | | Subjects: Hebrew language -- Spoken Hebrew -- Israel -- Intonation. |
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http://library.osu.edu/sites/jdc/0203html.htm
(8806 words)
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