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| | Heliocentrism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | As early as the time of Aristarchus, the heliocentric idea was denounced as being against religion. | | | Aristarchus' original work on heliocentrism has not survived and is known only from others' accounts; hence the uncertainty as to his arguments on its behalf. | | | That the Sun was not the center of the universe, but one of innumerable stars, was strongly advocated by the mystic Giordano Bruno; Galileo made the same point, but said very little on the matter, perhaps not wishing to incur the church's wrath. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliocentric_model
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| | Geocentric model - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The geocentric model (in Greek: geo = earth and centron = centre) of the universe is a paradigm which places the Earth at its center. | | | However, some religious fundamentalists still interpret Scripture as indicating that the Earth is the physical centre of the universe - known as modern geocentrism. | | | At this time, geocentrism is rejected in scientific and popular opinion; and it is believed that the Sun is at the centre of the solar system, but not the universe (see Heliocentrism), so a better term for the modern view is geokineticism (i.e. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geocentric_model
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| | The Copernican Revolution |
| | There were several reasons for this, on the one hand there certainly was a reticence to oppose the authority of the Church and of Aristotle, but there was also the fact that the heliocentric model apparently contradicted the evidence of the senses. | | | The Pope Paul III was not very critical, but his bishops and cardinals agreed with Luther and the model was condemned by the Church. | | | Even in these things that are thrown into disorder I believe the Holy Scriptures, for Joshua commanded the Sun to stand still and not the Earth. |
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http://phyun5.ucr.edu/~wudka/Physics7/Notes_www/node41.html
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| | Geocentrism and Creation |
| | Note that William of Ockham was a Christian, and both Copernicus and Galileo believed that a simpler model glorified God who is ‘simple’ (theologically, this means not composed of parts). | | | Nearly all Bible-believing heliocentrists think that the Bible is neither geocentric nor heliocentric, but Bouw holds their opinions on the matter in low regard. | | | In short, the Bible is neither geocentric nor heliocentric. |
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http://www.answersingenesis.org/Home/Area/magazines/tj/docs/TJv15n2Geocentrism.asp
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| | 2 |
| | He himself a very religious man wrestled with the church’s view that their doctrine and his model of the solar system were incompatible. | | | Galileo was put in house arrest for his ideas by the Catholic Church. | | | It has only been in the last couple of years that the church has issued an apology for these actions in the 1600’s. |
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http://www.smu.edu/geology/1301WebSite/L2_Solar_stump.html
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| | Babylonian Planetary Theory and the Heliocentric Concept |
| | And indeed why not; with the heliocentric concept deduced and firmly in place all manner of details could be investigated and over time amply refined. | | | This is surely a perfectly reasonable premise for the period in question. | | | As a consequence, they implicitly maintain the correct relationship between the two types of years with a difference that yields an excellent value for annual precession of slightly more than 49 seconds of arc. |
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http://www.spirasolaris.ca/sbb2c.html
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| | Nicolaus Copernicus |
| | He received some discouragement because the heliocentric system seemed to disagree with the Bible, but mostly he was encouraged. | | | As Aristotle had asserted, the earth was the center toward which the physical elements gravitate. | | | This established a relationship between the order of the planets and their periods, and it made a unified system. |
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http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/copernicus
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| | Heliocentric Models |
| | As people began to accept the model, and ignore the preface, the Church did finally ban his book in 1616. | | | Legend has it that he died the same day the book was released. | | | Copernicus escaped the Inquisition because a friend of his had slipped in a preface to his book stating that this model did not represent physical reality and it was only intended as a convenient device to calculate the positions of the planets. |
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http://www.sciencemaster.com/space/item/helio_2.php
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| | [No title] |
| | Now that people were reading about a heliocentric universe and questioning the church's geocentric views, the church got angry. | | | - The church rejected Copernicus' model, but they didn't ban his work or otherwise harass him. | | | Proposed models of the Solar System had to explain and be able to predict all of the above observations of the heavens. |
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http://www.chara.gsu.edu/~osterman/astr1010/chapter2/chap2notes.html
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| | Solar System Models |
| | Copernicus (1500's) reinvented the heliocentric theory and challenged Church doctrine. | | | But, the Roman Catholic Church absorbs Aristotle's scientific methods and Ptolemy's model into its own doctrine. | | | The orbital motion of a planet is completely described by six elements: the semi-major axis, the eccentricity, the inclination, the longitude of the ascending node, the argument of the perihelion and the time of the perihelion. |
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http://zebu.uoregon.edu/~js/ast221/lectures/lec06.html
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| | SCIENTIFIC EXPLANATION OF GEOCENTRICITY |
| | To say that the sun had already been created before day 4 is to twist the scriptures beyond acceptability in this one specific case to save the heliocentric position - and Hebrew scholars agree. | | | It means that once again we've been lied to. | | | In the beginning God created the HEAVEN AND THE EARTH. |
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http://www.jesus-is-lord.com/geocentr.htm
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| | Greek Cosmology |
| | As shown in the figure on page 75 of your text, Venus should look small and full when on the far side of the sun, and bigger but a thin crescent when on the near side. | | | Just because we find simple laws aesthetically pleasing does not mean that Nature will always pamper us by providing them, however passionately we hope and search for them. | | | This would have appealed to modern adherents of Occam's Razor. |
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http://www.astro.queensu.ca/~hanes/p015/Notes/14._Greek_Cosmology.html
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| | MASONIC SHORT TALKS |
| | Arguments against the geocentric model were so forceful that he came under fire from the Catholic Church and was forced to give a public denial of the heliocentric/Copernican system, and was placed under house arrest for the last 10 years of his life. | | | The geocentric model placed earth at the center of the universe. | | | The geocentric and heliocentric theories were those two. |
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http://users.1st.net/fischer/SHORT65.HTM
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| | Dennis's “Greatest Moments In History” / 1543: Heliocentric Cosmology |
| | He appears to have been intimidated by his own conclusion, and feared that the Church might come down on him (many Bible passages specify a terracentric universe) and he probably also feared that he would be ridiculed by other academics, for proposing something that seemed so counter-intuitive. | | | In the 4th century BCE, perhaps a generation after Aristotle, the Greek scholar Aristarchus of Samos came up with a heliocentric model. | | | Nikolas Kopernig, better known as Copernicus, a Polish canon (Church lawyer) came up with a new concept — that the Sun was the center of the universe, and all other bodies, including Earth, revolved around it, in perfect circles. |
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http://www.psicop-zone.com/dennis/cosmology.html
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| | Models of the solar system |
| | Tycho's top pupil, Johannes Kepler, was convinced of the heliocentric system for religious reasons. | | | He proposed that the Sun was the center of the universe -- probably for religious reasons as the Sun may have represented God to him -- and even tried to estimate the distance from the Earth to the Sun, using trigonometry and the known Earth-Moon distance. | | | Philolaus believed the Sun to be the "hearth of the universe." |
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http://www.bluffton.edu/~bergerd/NSC_111/science3.html
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| | ASTR 100 Lecture 6 (10 Sep 2003) |
| | Moreover, the geocentric picture became an article of faith for the Church, creating an intellectual climate in which people were not free to consider alternative models. | | | Galileo was warned by the Church in 1616 that he should not continue to promulgate the heliocentric model. | | | He was forced to recant his heresy and lived the remainder of his life (he was almost 70 and blind) under house arrest. |
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http://www.astro.uiuc.edu/classes/archive/astr100/f03_lect1/lecture06_summary.html
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| | The Copernican Model: A Sun-Centered Solar System |
| | Copernicus challenged assumption 1, but not assumption 2. | | | As we shall see later, the orbits of the planets are not circles, they are actually ellipses. | | | In a book called On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies (that was published as Copernicus lay on his deathbed), Copernicus proposed that the Sun, not the Earth, was the center of the Solar System. |
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http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr161/lect/retrograde/copernican.html
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| | THE HELIOCENTRIC MODEL |
| | Heliocentric means that the sun is at the center | | | He first published the heliocentric system in his book: | | | The moon is the only celestial sphere in this system which revolves around the earth, and, together with it, around the sun. |
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http://muse.tau.ac.il/museum/galileo/heliocentric.html
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| | Heliocentric |
| | Several people found fault with the Ptolemaic theory. | | | This new theory was known as heliocentric or Sun-centered theory. | | | This theory is also known by many as the Copernican System. |
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http://www.emporia.edu/earthsci/amber/students/denning/hel.htm
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| | Stellar Parallax and Aberration as Proofs of the Heliocentric Model |
| | Note the second diagram with “never shown inscribed” – many religious fundementalists use this to explain and disproof currect ideas of parallax in order to push the modern geocentric model. | | | The proof for the heliocentric model came after the idea, and consists of two main arguments: stellar parallax and aberration. | | | The Copernican model was liked by the scientific-minded (the Church had many issues with the Copernican model to say the least) because of its greater simplicity and ease of calculations. |
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http://www.astro.utoronto.ca/~bclarke/AST199M/parallax.htm
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| | [No title] |
| | The "ten thousand lesser things" are the approximately 10,000 stars visible to the limit of the naked eye (Jones 302). | | | Nicolaus of Cusa (1401?-1464) had postulated the infinity of the Universe a century earlier. | | | Consequently Tycho believed that the sphere of stars was closeby, and the lack of observed stellar parallax forced him to conclude that the Earth was stationary. |
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http://www.astro.psu.edu/users/usher/ox.html
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| | Nasaexplores |
| | Heliocentric means “Sun-centered,” while geocentric means “Earth-centered.” | | | Since a person standing on the surface of the Earth does not feel like he or she are in motion, ancient people believed that the Earth was standing still while all other objects in the sky were in motion around it. | | | Examples could be the practice of blood-letting to heal sick people, or the idea that the world is flat. |
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http://www.nasaexplores.com/show_58_teacher_sh.php?id=040914145957
(853 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | Please don't send me any answers to this question. | | | What is the earth's location in a heliocentric model? | | | Explain with a simple diagram as well as in your own words. |
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http://pirate.shu.edu/~ashworha/astro/Ch2rq.html
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| | “If believing in a geocentric universe is wrong, |
| | Western history shows this drive throughout, as Greek astronomy not only shaped the way man saw his place in the universe for eighteen centuries but also convinced him that there was no other way to see it, that the earth was the center and that was all. | | | Luckily for Aristarchus, his contemporaries respected him enough as a mathematician to “forgive” him for proposing this model, which eighteen centuries later would surface again with Copernicus, when heliocentrism came to be accepted. | | | Such admonitions were crucial for the development of heliocentrism, but also suggests why this view would later be so unacceptable as it would mean that Greek mathematics failed to tame the cosmos, that the universe was not perfect, and that they themselves were not at the center. |
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http://www.wesleyan.edu/col/comps/helio1.htm
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| | Heliocentric model |
| | Christianity and the Mathematical Sciences - the Heliocentric Hypothesis Religious influences on Copernicus, Galileo, Brahe and Kepler. | | | Heliocentric System and Precession of the Tholos of Epidavros The circular shape of the Monument represents two astronomical theories concerning the Sun: the Geocentric theory of the Sun's apparent course and the Heliocentric theory. | | | History of Astronomy in Ancient India Eclipse calculation, heliocentric theory, size of the world. |
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http://www.serebella.com/encyclopedia/article-Heliocentric_model.html
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| | copernicus heliocentric solar system |
| | By the end of the 17th century, 9 new bodies had been discovered and Copernicus 's heliocentric theory was widely accepted. | | | In 1610 Galileo first turned a telescope on the heavens and the universe exploded. | | | studied the Pythagorean tradition (which had generated the heliocentric viewpoint of Aristarchus... |
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http://www.uk20.co.uk/search.php?q=copernicus+heliocentric+solar+system
(495 words)
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| | Monday, November 18, 2002 |
| | I told her I wasn’t sure, but that I knew some Native American cultures believed that the Earth was on top of hells and beneath the Heavens, which implied they didn’t have the heliocentric view. | | | I then asked them which on was right, and they all answered that heliocentric was right. | | | When I asked them what evidence they had, one student mentioned that the sun rises and sets, to which I said that could be explained by the geocentric model. |
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http://www.geocities.com/mothman999/ref1118.html
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| | na11741 |
| | Also, there is one observable feature of heliocentric model that is not reproduced in the geocentric model in which Earth is at rest at the center of the system.Astronomers had detected 'stellar aberration' in which, over the course of a year, the positions of the stars in the sky seem to execute tiny ellipses. | | | This happens because in the heliocentric model, the Earth moves at 30 kilometers/sec in a direction that changes continuously during the course of a year. | | | The stellar ellipses are a direct consequence of that motion, and can only be explained in a heliocentric model where earth is not at rest, and in fact moves through space in the exact manner required by the heliocentric model. |
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http://www.astronomycafe.net/qadir/ask/a11741.html
(267 words)
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| | Creation Science |
| | When they are believed or (more to the point) taught as unchanging truth, they are no longer science. | | | The problem is rather the claim that it had been proven beyond doubt. | | | What children are taught as science in schools is that the Heliocentric Solar System is an undisputable fact, and this is true in a sense, but that sense is not scientific. |
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http://www.zeta.org.au/~andrewa/aja5a2.htm
(992 words)
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| | Chapter 4 Lecture Notes |
| | Philosophically, geocentrism rested on the idea that the Earth and the celestial bodies are of fundamentally different natures; that the planets, etc. are "perfect" in some philosophical sense, unlike the Earth. | | | Basic tenets of geocentric model: The Earth is fixed at the center of the Universe. | | | With his heliocentric system, Copernicus placed the planets in their proper order and even deduced that the closer planet is to the Sun, the faster it orbits- thus explaining retrograde motion. |
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http://www.gpc.edu/~jstanfor/LCTNTS4a.htm
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| | [No title] |
| | Almagest ('the greatest") - Ptolomy's text on the geocentric model. | | | the geocentric and heliocentric models of the universe. | | | Used the Dialogue on the Great World Systems to present the debate between |
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http://www.anselm.edu/homepage/dbanach/h-galileo-guerra-outline.htm
(218 words)
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| | Astronomy 1 - People in the History of Astronomy |
| | Criticized the heliocentric model because it should produce stellar parallax (which was eventually observed over 200 years after his death). | | | The following are some of the people that you should know about for the Astronomy 1 exams. | | | Kepler - discovered the empirical laws known under his name which describe the motion of the planets. |
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http://www.physics.ucsb.edu/~blaes/astro1/people.html
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| | Daniel Sevo's Astronomy - Solar System |
| | The 1540's though wasn't a very good time for scientist to propose theories that contradicted those of the Church at the time (Geocentric view). | | | Not much happened until the early 1540's when Nikolai Copernicus presented the revised Heliocentric model. | | | (Geocentric means the Earth was thought to be the center of the Universe as opposed to the Heliocentric model where the Sun is placed at the center.) Another philosopher at the time (~260BC)presented a Heliocentric model. |
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http://hem.passagen.se/des/astronomy/astro_solarsystem.htm
(990 words)
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| | Solar System Cosmology |
| | This relation was discovered by Kepler, and is his Third Law of planetary motion. | | | This is a considerable simplification of the model. | | | We do not know what led Aristarchus of Samos to propose a heliocentric model. |
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http://www.astro.ucla.edu/%7Ewright/solar_system.html
(748 words)
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| | Early Cosmology |
| | Little is know about this man except that he suggested a simpler heliocentric model of the universe to explain retrograde motion. | | | The geocentric model required that the center of Mercury's and Venus' epicycles always lie on the earth-sun line so that they would retrograde near the sun. | | | This model never caught on due the objections discussed previously. |
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http://drumright.ossm.edu/astronomy/heliocentric1.html
(179 words)
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| | Home Page |
| | Copernicus was a strong believer in the Greek concept of heavenly motion. | | | He started work on this model in about 1513 but did not finish it until just before his death in 1543.He placed the 5 known planets and the earth orbiting the sun in perfect circles at a constant speed. | | | Copernicus also correctly deduced that the moon went around the Earth. |
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http://www.mps.k12.nf.ca/jfinn/webmaster/projects/Helio.html
(484 words)
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| | Galileo Galelei and the Heliocentric Model essays |
| | A discussion of the life and works of Galileo and the religious controversy that surrounded his heliocentric model. | | | Galileo was among the first to suggest that the planets revolved around the sun and not around the Earth. |
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http://www.essaypage.com/papers/Galileo_Galelei_and_the-264-028.html
(215 words)
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| | AllRefer.com - planetarium (Astronomy, General) - Encyclopedia |
| | Several orreries were built in the 16th and 17th cent. | | | Today the orrery finds considerable use as an aid in the teaching of celestial mechanics. | | | to explain the Copernican (heliocentric) model of the solar system. |
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http://reference.allrefer.com/encyclopedia/P/planetar.html
(473 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | In the heliocentric model the Sun is at the centre of the solar system, and the motions of the other objects, as viewed by us on the Earth, are complicated by our motiion around the Sun as we are carried along by the Earth. | | | It is quite natural to look at the heavens and try to descibe the motions of the planets, the Sun, and the stars by assigning them their own motions. | | | In this geocentric model the Earth is stationary, and everything else moves around the Earth. |
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http://physics.csustan.edu/astro/helio.htm
(377 words)
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| | Models of the Solar System |
| | Ptolemaic Model after Ptolemy, circa 140 AD Problem: some planets exhibited retrograde motion. | | | Heliocentric Model = The sun is at the center of the solar system with all the planets, including Earth, orbiting about it. | | | Geocentric Model = the Earth is at the center of the Solar System, with all the planets and the Sun orbiting about it. |
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http://www.southalabama.edu/physics/lectures/clark/LectPH101/solarsystemmodels.htm
(757 words)
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| | Kepler's Laws (Lab 3) Retrograde Motion |
| | In this lab, we will see that if we use the heliocentric model, we can more easily explain the retrograde motion of the planets. | | | According to Kepler's Third Law the Earth travels faster in its orbit than do the superior planets (all planets outside the Earth's orbit), it overtakes and passes them at times during their mutual orbits around the Sun. | | | This is called a heliocentric model of the Solar System. |
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http://www.unm.edu/~astro1/101lab/lab3/lab3_D.html
(612 words)
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| | The Copernican Heliocentric Model |
| | It was simpler than Ptolemy’s geocentric model involving epicycles to explain retrograde motion of the planets. | | | It explained the observed changes in intensities of the planets. | | | It was criticized because it required the Earth to be rotating on its own axis. |
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http://krupp.wcc.hawaii.edu/BIOL101/present/lcture08/sld007.htm
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| | Geocentric model |
| | This model also successfully predicts that Mars should be brighter during retrograde motion than at other times due to its smaller distance to the Earth at that time. | | | The phenomenon of ``retrograde motion'' occurs while Mars is at opposition and is overtaken by the Earth. | | | The following animation shows a simplified helicentric model with three objects: the Sun (yellow) in the centre with the Earth (blue) and Mars (red) in circular orbits around it. |
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http://www.astro.utoronto.ca/~zhu/ast210/helicentric.html
(97 words)
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| | Astronomy Details, Meaning Astronomy Article and Explanation Guide |
| | The existence of our galaxy, the Milky Way, as a separate group of stars was only proven in the 20th century, along with the existence of "external" galaxies, and soon after, the expansion of the universe seen in the recession of most galaxies from us. | | | In Persia, Omar Khayyam (Ghiyath al-Din Abu'l-Fath Umar ibn Ibrahim al-Nisaburi al-Khayyami) compiled many tables and performed a reformation of the calendar that was more accurate than the Julian and came close to the Gregorian. | | | Cosmology made huge advances during the 20th century, with the model of the big bang heavily supported by the evidence provided by astronomy and physics, such as the cosmic microwave background radiation, Hubble's Law and cosmological abundances of elements. |
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http://www.e-paranoids.com/a/as/astronomy.html
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| | Tutorial Questions 1 |
| | Was his model really any better at explaining the motions of the planets than Ptolemy's? | | | Why do you think Galileo's observation of spots on the Sun and moons around Jupiter caused so much conflict with the Church? | | | While today we recognise that Ptolemy's model with an Earth-centred Universe is clearly wrong, why do you think it lasted 1,400 years before it was challenged? |
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http://www.phys.unsw.edu.au/COURSES/GENS4001/tutq1.html
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| | 7 Copernicus and the Heliocentric Model |
| | It was about 1530 that Copernicus arrived at his model of the Sun-centered (heliocentric) universe. | | | Is this problem so difficult or did something intervene that was more important than astronomy? |
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http://sevenideas.kent.edu/7ideas_ebl/idea1/idea1/node16.html
(230 words)
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| | Lecture 8 - The Solar System: An Overview (10/6/98) |
| | Laws of Motion and Universal Gravitation explain Kepler's Laws, including comets, and provide physical basis for gravitation | | | How do we know that the heliocentric model is "correct"? | | | At what point would you have accepted the heliocentric model? |
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http://www.aoc.nrao.edu/~smyers/courses/astro11/L8.html
(931 words)
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| | default |
| | model, and the birth of Modern Astronomy, came with: | | | Venus orbited the Earth as Aristotle believed, it would always appear | | | Venus goes through a full set of phases, from new to full (crescent to nearly full shown here). |
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http://www.physics.fsu.edu/users/Dobrosavljevic/History.htm
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| | Wired News: Exhibit Documents Newton's Pull |
| | Visitor Ted Tedesco, a self-described Newton fan, said it was nice to see, in one place, original editions of so many works cited in science and Newton biographies. | | | Several models are displayed, including a wood-and-paper creation depicting Newton's original tiny reflecting telescope, first unveiled to England's King Charles II in 1671. | | | It describes in tiny, flourishing script how to make a sundial and construct a Copernican heliocentric model. |
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http://www.wired.com/news/culture/0,1284,65519,00.html?tw=newsletter_topstories_html
(1010 words)
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