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| | Gurmukhī - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | Gurmukhi has been adapted to write other languages, such as Sanskrit, Hindi and Braj Bhasha. | | | The Proto-Gurmukhi letters evolved through the Gupta script, from 4th to 8th century, followed by the Sharada script, from 8th century onwards, and finally adapted their archaic form in the Devasesha stage of the Later Sharada script, dated between the 10th and 14th centuries. | | | The word Gurmukhi is commonly translated as "from the Mouth of the Guru". |
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http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukhi
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| | Gurmukhi: The Unique Invention of Guru Nanak |
| | It was the genius of Nanak, that in one stroke, he separated his followers or seekers of truth, or Sikhs, from Arabic, Persian and Sanskrit. | | | Their bani was recorded by Guru Nanak not only in the Gurmukhi script but also in the language of Guru Granth. | | | It can be concluded the Guru Nanak commenced the foundation of a new religion by way of writing and preaching his thoughts in the new Gurmukhi script. |
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http://www.sikhreview.org/\november2000\philology.htm
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| | Punjabi - Gurmukhi Script |
| | Gurmukhi derive its character set form Landa (old script of Indian sub-continent) and was standardized by Guru Angad Dev (second Sikh Guru, 1504 - 1552) in the 16th century and contained 35 consonants at that time. | | | The word Gurmukhi literally means "from the mouth of Guru". | | | The whole of the Guru Granth Sahib (Holy book of Sikhs) is written in Gurmukhi. |
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http://www.lokpunjab.org/puran/gurmukhi.htm
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| | Punjabi and gurmukhi, why punjabi is a language and gurmukhi is a script |
| | One of these is written in Gurmukhi as we know it today and gives the date which is in thirteenth century which is long before Guru Nanak Dev ji. | | | The cliche that Guru Angad Dev ji made the Gurmukhi alphabet is patently false(It was propagated by the enemies of Sikhism known as Handalis who wrote the distorted biography of Guru Nanak Dev ji called Janam Sakhi Bhai Bala). | | | In their blind chauvinistic aim to show that the Gurmukhi script belongs only to Sikhs and not to rest of the Punjabis these bigots have created hatred against non-sikhs and alienated them from their own language and past and divided the population of Punjab on religious lines. |
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http://www.hathisoft.com/punjabi/punjhist.htm
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| | Welcome to The Institute of Sikh Studies-->Publications |
| | It is therefore, correct that most of the letters of Gurmukhi did exist before the time of the Gurus, but the Gurmukhi script did not exist. | | | Renowed palaeographer Gaurishankar Hira Chand Ojha, who is accepted as an authority on Indian scripts, accepts that Gurmukhi was given its present form by the Sikh Gurus, and also says that Takri and Gurmukhi both have originated from Sharda script. | | | This sweeping statement of the writer was based on his findings that most of the letters of Gurmukhi existed before the time of Gurus. |
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http://www.sikhstudies.org/Periodicals.asp?TtlCod=162
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| | Gurmukhi Script |
| | As Bhai Lehna devised the script, the same is known as Gurmukhi - a language devised by a Gurmukh at the instance of the Guru. | | | This script was adopted by all the composers of Bani and in the same very script was written Aad Sri Guru Granth Sahib. | | | With the passage of time it has spread to all the corners of the world and is universally acclaimed as a very rich and developed language. |
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http://www.namdhari-world.com/new%20nw/gurmukhi.htm
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| | Punjabi/Gurmukhi fonts |
| | Gurmukhi is not only used by Sikhs but by Hindus as well as Muslims living in Punjab to represent their common spoken language, Punjabi. | | | Gurmukhi means "from the mouth of the Guru". | | | Jump page for most Indian languages: Telugu, Bengali, Gurmukhi, Oriya, Malayalam, Gujurati, Tamil, Kannada, Sanskrit, Marathi and Hindi. |
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http://jeff.cs.mcgill.ca/%7Eluc/punjabi.html
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| | The Gurmukhi Script |
| | The letters no doubt existed before the time of Guru Angad (even of Guru Nanak) as they had their origin in the Brahmi, but the origin of the script is attributed to Guru Angad. | | | The word gurmukhi seems to have gained currency from the use of these letters to record the sayings coming from the much (lit. | | | Further changes came in the forms of aaraa, haaha, and lalla in the first half of the nineteenth century. |
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http://www.sikh-history.com/sikhhist/events/gurmukhi.html
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| | Best of the Boards |
| | As for as Gurmukhi is concerned it definitely is not | | | Gurmukhi was there before Guru Angad Dev ji | | | Hindu scholars that Punjabi is derived from Sanskrit |
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http://dspace.dial.pipex.com/town/pipexdsl/o/aovq73/khalsa/best/best010608.htm
(885 words)
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| | Gurbani |
| | This document has all the words from Siri Guru Granth Sahib in Gurmukhi and these words are arranged in an alphabetical order according to the Gurmukhi alphabet. | | | All the text from Siri Guru Granth in Gurmukhi. | | | A concordance file in Gurmukhi that lists all the words and their locations of occurrence in Siri Guru Granth Sahib. |
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http://www.sikh.net/SIKHISM/Gurbani/Gurbani.htm
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| | Fellow Punjabis |
| | Same as kanna in gurmukhi and alef in shahmukhi. | | | Same as adhak in gurmukhi and tashdid in shahmukhi. | | | Same as bihari in gurmukhi and y(i) in shahmukhi. |
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http://www.sikh-history.com/punjabi_roman.html
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| | Punjabi.net discussions chat forums |
| | Gurmukhi was there before Guru Angad Dev ji when Guru Nanak Dev ji wrote a composition known as Patti in Raag Asa. | | | "As for as Gurmukhi is concerned it definitely is not linked to Sikh religion as some zealots tend to assert. | | | The idea of Gurmukhi invented by second Guruji was propagated by Janam Saakhi Bhai Bala which was written by dissident Handalias nearly a hundred years after Guru Angad Dev ji. |
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http://www.punjabi.net/talk/messages/1/42787.html?995994515
(2649 words)
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| | The Tribune - Windows - Main Feature |
| | These literary geniuses, who were in contact with the divine Guru, had a great influence on the thinking of the people and in their own way made history. | | | The foreword of the former was written by the famous Punjabi litterateur, Dr Vishwa Nath Tiwari, and that of the latter by the doyen of the Hindi world, Hazari Prasad Dwivedi. | | | He is of the view that if all these manuscripts are transcribed into the Devnagri script, they will be as much admired and revered as the works of Mahakavi Surdas and Tulsi Das. |
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http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20030118/windows/main2.htm
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| | Punjab Online: Other Consonants |
| | The last five letters are consonants added to Gurmukhi after its initial creation by Guru Angad Dev. | | | The first three letters are vowels (however, with the combination of the vowel symbols, or matraas, you can form ten different vowel sounds). |
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http://www.punjabonline.com/punjabi/alphabet.html
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| | Gateway to Sikhism : Sri Guru Angad Dev Ji |
| | Since the Guru had adopted the modified alphabet, it was called 'Gurmukhi'- spoken through the mouth of the Guru. | | | Guru Angad encouraged the use of the Gurmukhi and preached the use of it during his divine time | | | Clipped or imperfect alphabet of Punjabi existed at the time of Guru Nanak, but Guru Angad modified and polished the existing script. |
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http://www.allaboutsikhs.com/gurus/guruangad2.htm
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| | Sri Granth: Tools |
| | Dictionary of Sri Guru Granth Sahib; Gurmukhi to Gurmukhi/Punjabi. | | | Also, view the directory of all Gurmukhi words that appear in the Guru Granth Sahib. | | | Directory of all the Gurmukhi words that appear in the Guru Granth Sahib. |
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http://www.srigranth.org/servlet/gurbani.gurbani?Action=Tools
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| | AncientScripts.com: Gurmukhi |
| | The Gurmukhi script is tightly associated with the Sikh religion, as the words guru-mukhî literally mean "from the mouth of the guru". | | | It was created in the 16th century CE by the second Sikh guru, Guru Angad, to write the Punjabi language. | | | Stylistically, Gurmukhi derives its letter shapes from Landa, but considerable influence from Nagari is evident from the top horizontal bar present in most letters. |
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http://www.ancientscripts.com/gurmukhi.html
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| | Panjabi Language |
| | right-to-left like all other Arabic derived scripts (Unlike Gurmukhi which is written from left-to-right). | | | The template of the script was introduced by Guru Nanak and later finalized by the | | | Guru Angad, the 2nd Sikh Guru and creator of the Gurmukhi |
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http://www.mahapunjab.org/panjabi
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| | Monotype: Non Latin Font |
| | Gurmukhi took its present shape in the 16th century AD under Guru Angad, hence, its name, who set out to devise a rational system for writing Panjabi. | | | In the Pakistani region of Panjab, the same language is written in Arabic script. | | | Likewise, although Gurmukhi has a native set of symbols for numerals, nowadays Arabic numbers are often used. |
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http://www.monotypefonts.com/Library/Non-Latin-Library.asp?show=info&lan=gurmukhi
(370 words)
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| | Moving Here the Gallery Learning |
| | Gurmukhi is the script used for written Punjabi and is the language in which the Sikh scriptures are written. | | | Three Sikh girls during a Gurmukhi lesson in 1987 at the Guru Gobind Singh supplementary school in Bradford. |
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http://www.movinghere.org.uk/gallery/learning/gurmukhi.htm
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| | Untitled Document |
| | Various schools and centres of different sects using Gurmukhi. | | | Another calligraphy style of Japuji Sahib written by Bahadur Singh Sathi on 14th April 1984. | | | The Kandhi and Kathgarhi Centres of book scribing. |
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http://www.sikh-heritage.co.uk/arts/calligraphy/GurmCallgfy.htm
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| | Birs(copy of Guru Granth Ji) in scripts other than Gurmukhi - Sikh Philosophy Network |
| | for Das as it is Preached libralism in Sanatani Khalsa and libral way of life the Birs with say Devnagri Script needs to be respected as par with Bir in Gurmukhi as for Sikhs it is the knowledge bestowed unto mankind which is respected. | | | When Bhai Bano Ji copied the Original and presented Satguru Arjan Dev Ji both the copies, then Satguru Arjun Dev Ji declared the Original as sweet Birr and declared the copied version as Khari Birr that only the blind in spirit shall read. | | | Birs(copy of Guru Granth Ji) in scripts other than Gurmukhi |
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http://www.sikhphilosophy.net/sikhphilosophy/sikh-sikhi-sikhism/663-birs-copy-guru-granth-ji-scripts-other-than-gurmukhi.html
(919 words)
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| | It was japhis, Gurmukhi, and a hint of Kashmir |
| | Gurmukhi came from the utterances of the Gurus, and Persian script has nothing to do with Shahs. | | | And yes, Guru Gobind Singh wrote Zafarnama in Persian, he says. | | | His father taught Gurmukhi in a school in Patiala and his regret is that in India, Punjabi has changed. |
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http://www.indianexpress.com/full_story.php?content_id=60031
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| | Sri Guru Granth Sahib -Gurmukhi |
| | At the same time the celebration of God and the Gurus teachings on how one should live their life found in Sri Guru Granth Sahib transcends cultural and linguistic boundaries and are universal in their appeal. | | | The author, Singh Sahib Dr. Sant Singh Khalsa has faithfully attempted to follow the original Gurmukhi text as closely as possible and maintain accuracy in page breaks and the numbering notations found in Sri Guru Granth Sahib. | | | The Khalsa Consensus Translation presented here is regarded by some Sikh scholars as being among the finest and most accurate english translation currently available. |
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http://allaboutsikhs.com/sggs/sggs.htm
(406 words)
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| | Gurbani (Sikh Scriptures) |
| | Each page on this translation of Sri Guru Granth Sahib conforms to the precise number of words found on each page of the holy book. | | | world famous Sikh scholar S. Gurbachan Singh Talib) Also includes biographies of the Sikh Gurus, 200 color pictures of Sikh historical Gurdwaras in Punjab, India, and Pakistan, illustrated Sikh prayer, free Gurmukhi font, screen saver and lots of Sikh history. | | | Each page has three columns; the first column has the original Gurmukhi text; the second column has the Roman transliteration; and the third column has an English translation of the original scripture. |
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http://www.nahal.com/gurbanie.html
(578 words)
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| | The Sikhism Home Page: Links |
| | Gurbani-CD with Gurmukhi Truetype fonts, MS Word files of Sri Guru Granth Sahib in original Gurmukhi as well as a english translation. | | | MS Windows program with entire text of Sri Guru Granth Sahib in Gurmukhi as well as romanized english. | | | Reader 3 ($15.00) has extensive reading passages explaining Punjabi variations. |
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http://www.sikhs.org/other8.htm
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| | The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Punjab |
| | While Shahmukhi, the script in which Baba Farid wrote Sufiana verses that form part of Guru Granth Sahib, holds ground in West Punjab, Gurmukhi is the sacred script in East Punjab. | | | Both India and Pakistan must learn the two scripts to share the literature being written across borders. | | | Even after 10 conferences, the conflict between Shahmukhi and Gurmukhi scripts of Punjabi continues to linger. |
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http://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20040529/punjab1.htm
(8614 words)
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| | Gurmukhi Unicode Fonts |
| | Note: This font does not have the OpenType tables necessary for Gurmukhi. | | | Support: Arabic script (Arabic including some dialect-specfic letters, Balochi, Persian, Punjabi Shahmukhi, Urdu), Armenian, Cyrillic (all or most of range), Devanagari, Georgian (Mkhedruli and Asomtavruli), Greek (including polytonic and Coptic characters), Gurmukhi, Hebrew, IPA, Japanese (Hiragana, Katakana, Kanji/Han Ideographs), Kannada, Korean (Hangul only), Latin, Tamil, Thai, Vietnamese | | | OR a different language written with the Gurmukhi script |
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http://travelphrases.info/gallery/Fonts_Gurmukhi.html
(454 words)
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| | 5abi Panjabi Portal - Font display error |
| | Some of the characters that are used to type Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji are not assigned. | | | With ASCII, a user would have to type the message in a word processor such as Microsoft Word and then attach it to the e-mail message. | | | Users can now even name files and folders on their computers in Gurmukhi and other languages. |
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http://www.5abi.com/dosh/aboutU/gurmukhiU1_amrinder.htm
(949 words)
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| | Punjabi Computing Information (Penn State) |
| | Note: Punjabi is written in the Arabic script in Pakistan. | | | Gurmukhi is a syllabic alphabet in that it consists of consonants with vowel signs. | | | It's specifically for the Indian language of Punjabi and is similar in structure to Devanagari. |
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http://tlt.its.psu.edu/suggestions/international/bylanguage/punjabi.html
(771 words)
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| | Panjabi fonts debate |
| | I am sending this message to all the people for whom I have e-mail | | | 2)Those of our brothers and sisters who do have a Gurmukhi font find that | | | I call upon you to communicate with other Gurmukhi font-writers to agree a |
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http://www.panjab.org.uk/Fonts/fontsdbt.html
(1214 words)
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| | Panjabi teaching materials available |
| | The text of the lessons are presented both in Gurmukhi and in romanized form. | | | Starts with a dialogue in original Punjabi transcribed in phonetic script and followed by the same text in its original Gurmukhi script. | | | The material in the ten grammar units is presented both in Gurmukhi and in romanized form, to give learners a choice in whether they wish to learn to read and write Gurmukhi. |
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http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/salrc/afghanistan/materials/Panjabi.htm
(1009 words)
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| | Project: Gurmukhi |
| | and my wife is learning Gurmukhi along (with her). | | | i keep arguing with people on the net that Gurmukhi is most important to Sikhs and no other sect of people. | | | Hindus or any other group of people have no vested interest in Gurmukhi. |
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http://gurmukhi.blogspot.com
(635 words)
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| | One language, two scripts |
| | All this changed at partition when there were no Hindus and Sikhs left in West Punjab and | | | Urdu, nor would there be any Punjabi Hindu. | | | August 1947, there must have been very few Sikhs (at that time Gurmukhi was a strictly Sikh preserve) who could not read and write |
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http://members.aol.com/mahapunjab/03rahman.html
(1028 words)
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| | Pak schools to start Gurmukhi |
| | As of now, Punjabi is taught in the Persian script in Pakistan. | | | A MAJOR outcome of the 9th World Punjabi Conference has been a promise by the Chief Minister of western Punjab, Parvez Elaahi, to his counterpart in eastern Punjab, Capt Amarinder Singh, to introduce an additional subject of Punjabi in the Gurmukhi script at the school level. | | | The DC said the case would be routed through the Chief Secretary to the Centre, which might take it up with Pakistan. |
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http://www.apnaorg.com/articles/wpc/12.html
(505 words)
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| | Learn Gurmukhi_____(APNA) Academy of The Punjab in North America |
| | In this lesson we will learn some other signs using in Gurmukhi. | | | To write those words a "Bindi" or a dot is written below the word. | | | After completing all 6 lessons, I hope you'll be able to read and write Gurmukhi easily.Practice is very much important. |
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http://www.apnaorg.com/gurmukhi/lesson6
(166 words)
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| | SikhiWiki:Using Punjabi on SikhiWiki |
| | For example, DrChatrikWeb shows the same letter as Ura. | | | It is designed for people who are familiar with Gurmukhi and have used Gurmukhi on a computer before. | | | This is standardised on all computers so no matter what font you use, the text will be the same! |
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http://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php?title=SikhiWiki:Using_Punjabi_on_SikhiWiki
(768 words)
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| | Unicode fonts for Macintosh OS X computers |
| | Mac OS X 10.2 introduced support for Arabic, Devanagari, Greek, Gujarati, Gurmukhi, Hebrew and Thai scripts. | | | Gurmukhi MT – 128 glyphs in version 4.0d3e1 (local font) | | | Mac OS X 10.1 supported Central European, Cyrillic and Japanese, and Korean, Simplified Chinese and Traditional Chinese were made available as downloads. |
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http://www.alanwood.net/unicode/fonts_macosx.html
(3626 words)
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| | Gurmukhi alphabet -- Encyclopædia Britannica |
| | It seems to have been modified from the Landa script, which is used to write the Punjabi, Lahnda, and Sindhi languages. | | | Landa, Gurmukhi, and two other scripts used in northwestern India, Sarada and Takri, make up a related group that is probably descended from a common ancestor. |
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http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9038566?tocId=9038566&query=null&ct=null
(754 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | These can be used to understand the features of a Gurmukhi text, and can also be used as input text to see if the installation is complete. | | | Gurmukhi is a script for the Punjabi language mostly used in North India. | | | I would like to thank him for giving me permission to change his software package to support Gurmukhi. |
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http://mirrors.ibiblio.org/pub/mirrors/CTAN/languages/gurmukhi/singh/Readme
(692 words)
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| | Unicode fonts for Windows computers - Page 1 |
| | OpenType layout tables: Arabic, Armenian, Bengali, Buhid, Cyrillic, Devanagari, Gujarati, Gurmukhi, Han Ideographic, Hebrew, Khmer, Korean Hangul, Lao, Latin, Malayalam, Mongolian, Myanmar, Tamil, Telugu, Thai | | | Ranges: Basic Latin; Bengali; Devanagari; Gujarati; Gurmukhi; Kannada; Malayalam; Telugu; Tamil | | | Includes many characters that are difficult to find elsewhere, making it a useful font to assign to the user-defined encoding or character set in your Web browser, and well worth the $5 registration. |
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http://www.alanwood.net/unicode/fonts.html
(6619 words)
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| | Information Regrading Gurmukhi Unicode Fonts |
| | I am also thankful to him for extensive testing of my Unicode Gurmukhi fonts. | | | Regarding the Punjabi language, Uniscribe supports all the Gurmukhi characters mapped to Unicode standard and many others in the subrange (that are used in Gurmukhi but do not have allocated locations in Unicode range). | | | However, you can install other Gurmukhi Unicode fonts (such as made available here), which may then be used instead. |
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http://www.gurbanifiles.org/unicode/unifonts.html
(1314 words)
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| | Spirit Voyage Music : Spirit Voyage Music : Browsing Gurmukhi Mantra |
| | Yoga Music, Meditation Music, Gurmukhi Mantra, Sanskrit Chant, Relaxation Music, World Music and More | | | A transcendent collection of chants, performed in the ancient language of Gurmukhi, you will hear the influences of Brian Eno, Emmylou Harris and traditional Indian sacred music. | | | Profound chants from the sacred language of India, with poetic English interpretation by Yogi Bhajan, address prayers for healing and removing blocks, purifying the mind and body, and invoking guidance and creativity. |
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http://www.spiritvoyage.com/shopping/result.cfm?Stype=SubCat&SubID=118
(2160 words)
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| | Gurmukhi OpenType specification |
| | Gurmukhi is closely related to Devanagari and is used to write the Punjabi language in the Punjab in India. | | | This document also presents information about the Gurmukhi OpenType shaping engine of Uniscribe, an operating system component responsible for text layout. | | | This document presents information that will assist font developers in creating fonts for the Gurmukhi script covered by the Unicode Standard 3.1. |
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http://www.microsoft.com/typography/otfntdev/gurmukot
(247 words)
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