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| | Franks - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | These ideas and beliefs had their roots in a background that drew from both Roman and Germanic tradition, a tradition that began before the Carolingian ascent and continued to some extent even after the deaths of Louis the Pious and his sons. | | | The Merovingian chieftains adhered to the Germanic practice of dividing their lands among their sons, and the frequent division, reunification and redivision of territories often resulted in murder and warfare within the leading families. | | | This period marks the beginning of a situation that would endure for many centuries: the Germanic Franks became rulers over an increasing number of Gallo-Roman subjects. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franks
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| | Christians against Nazis: the German Confessing Church - Christian History & Biography - ChristianityTodayLibrary.com |
| | He saw that the Jewish Bible, the Old Testament, is part of the Christian Bible too; that Christians and Jews believe in the same God; that the Bible concept of'the people of God' refers to both. | | | The provincial churches who had been brought under the rule of the German Christians were referred to by the Confessing Church as 'liquidated churches'; those led by bishops who were not associated with the German Christians such as Hanover, Wiirttemberg and Bavaria, were 'intact' churches. | | | The church must remain the church!'was the battle-cry of the ' Confessing Church, while the German Christians saw themselves as the 'storm-troopers of Jesus Christ'. |
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http://www.ctlibrary.com/4555
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| | Karl Barth, the German Christians, and ECUSA |
| | What the "German Christians" wanted and did was obviously along a line which had for long enough been acknowledged and trodden by the Church of the whole world: the line of the Enlightenment and Pietism, of Schleiermacher, Richard Rothe and Ritschl. | | | According to the German Christians, these sorts of truths are not denied by the gospel, but rather, they are deepened and sanctified. | | | The German Christians did not need to reconcile their differences at the level of theological propositions because they believed, to quote the Presiding bishop, that their "divergent views and different understandings of God's intent" were "brought together in the larger and all embracing truth of Christ." |
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http://users.iglide.net/rjsanders/theo/gcc.htm
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| | Protestant Churhes in the Third Reich |
| | Hitler's support of "positive Christianity" was not alarming to a church that was highly anti-Semitic. | | | The first conflict between the German Evangelical Church occurred in 1933, at a meeting of the regional churches, over who the first Reich Bishop would be. | | | It incorporated the renewed emphasis on scripture that began in 1920's, as well as the belief that the German people had a deep spirituality, rooted in the land, that was unlike that any other people. |
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http://hist.academic.claremontmckenna.edu/jpetropoulos/church/keithpage/protesta.htm
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| | Bonhoeffer And The German Churches' Response To Nazism |
| | The Christian church, in particular the Roman Catholic church, has been thought to be very uncompromising on absolutes. | | | Bonhoeffer and the German Churches' Response to Nazism | | | In his Ethics he said that Christians should be actively involved in the world, calling it a "penultimate" to the kingdom of God that could not be ignored. |
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http://www.bigissueground.com/atheistground/ash-germanchurchesnazis.shtml
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| | Importance of the Ninth Century |
| | It was his leadership of the Germanic mercenaries that secured victory; and forced the last Roman emperor in the west -Romulus Agustulus- to abdicate his power in favour of Odoacer; and thus perished the Western Roman Empire. | | | Theodoric obtained permission from the eastern emperor Zeno to invade Italy and wrest control of the country from its first barbarian king Odoacer (or Odovacer); who was a Germanic warrior, the son of a tribal captain serving in west Roman empire, and leader of the Heruli. | | | There was also a dwindling of Greek and Roman culture and of the atavistic powers of blood through which the Germanic Chieftains of Europe had ruled their tribes. |
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http://www.overlordsofchaos.com/html/ninth_century.html
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| | The Story of Mankind - Charlemagne (Hendrik van Loon) |
| | He persuaded Childeric, the last of the Merovingians to become a monk and then made himself king with the approval of the other Germanic chieftains. | | | And so the Popes, who were not only very holy but also very practical, cast about for a friend, and presently they made overtures to the most promising of the Germanic tribes who had occupied north-western Europe after the fall of Rome. | | | It was necessary–very necessary–for the spiritual head of the world to find an ally with a strong sword and a powerful fist who was willing to defend His Holiness in case of danger. |
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http://www.authorama.com/story-of-mankind-30.html
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| | Rocket in the Bocket: Does America need a Confessing Church? |
| | They believed that the focus of the Christian Church should be on Christ and not the formation of a nation. | | | Most Christians believed that the Reich was putting the Christian faith into political practice. | | | I am ready for Christians as passionate about using their churches to educate young adults about the importance of marriage and monogamy as they are about campaigning for a Constitutional Amendment. |
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http://rocketinthebocket.blogspot.com/2005/05/does-america-need-confessing-church.html
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| | E:\Offices\mqr\oct2002\perry.HTM |
| | According to Barth, the presumption is that the Christian lives as a disciple and only addresses the state when the church has something to say. | | | The demands it placed on the loyalties of German citizens were demands that only the church could rightly make, and if the church heeded those demands it was accepting a source of revelation outside of the Jesus revealed by the Bible. | | | What this ignores is that Christians will be able to rightly see where those borders lie only if they have already understood their churchly and civic practices as morally formative, as a kind of liturgy. |
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http://www.goshen.edu/mqr/pastissues/oct02perry.html
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| | Review of Twisted Cross: The German Christian Movementin the Third Reich |
| | Their religious practice consisted in preaching a manly, anti-effeminate, essentially Germanic gospel, and the singing of patriotic songs and hymns of praise to the Fuehrer who was equated with the Saviour. | | | Their project was to "arianise" both Holy Scripture and the person of Jesus Christ; in short, to rid traditional Christianity of all putatively Jewish components. | | | That said, it is valuable to have this case study of an extreme form of religious bigotry which is by no means unique in the world today. |
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http://www.ess.uwe.ac.uk/genocide/reviewstr17.htm
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| | Welcome to the First Presbyterian Church of Waco, Texas |
| | The inviolable foundation of the German Evangelical Church is the gospel of Jesus Christ as it is attested for us in Holy Scripture and brought to light again in the Confessions of the Reformation. | | | In opposition to attempts to establish the unity of the German Evangelical Church by means of false doctrine, by the use of force and insincere practices, the Confessional Synod insists that the unity of the Evangelical Churches in Germany can come only from the Word of God in faith through the Holy Spirit. | | | 8.17 The Christian Church is the congregation of the brethren in which Jesus Christ acts presently as the Lord in Word and sacrament through the Holy Spirit. |
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http://firstpreswaco.org/believe/barmendeclaration.htm
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| | The Period Of The German Invasions |
| | The Germanic settlers were sincere although superstitious and illiterate Christians, and the old Roman rule continued in this spiritual guise. | | | In the main the history of the art of the Middle Ages is the history of civilization in the Germanic or Germanized countries of Europe, with the all-important modifications carried by the Christian religion. | | | These were themselves emigrants from Scandinavia, whose appearance in Southern Europe a century before had crowded other German tribes against the Rhine frontiers and had consequently been the cause of ceaseless warfare for the Roman legions who were there posted. |
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http://www.oldandsold.com/articles08/roman-10.shtml
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| | Hinduism |
| | The Vedic heaven, the "world of the fathers," resembled the Germanic Valhalla and seems also to be an Indo-European inheritance. | | | The Rigveda contains many other Indo-European elements, such as the worship of male sky gods with sacrifices and the existence of the old sky god Dyaus, whose name is cognate with those of the classical Zeus of Greece and Jupiter of Rome ("Father Jove"). | | | The Indo-Iranian element in later Hinduism is chiefly found in the initiatory ceremony (upanayana) performed by boys of the three upper classes, a rite both in Hinduism and in Zoroastrianism that involves the tying of a sacred cord. |
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http://www.crystalinks.com/hindu.html
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| | Books |
| | As the Roman Empire disintegrated in the West, civic functions were performed first by church leaders and then by Germanic chieftains. | | | After losing their homeland to the Han, the Mongolian tribe called the Huns began moving westward from China, and around 1,600 years ago they were pushing into northwestern India, where they destabilized the Guptan Empire, and into northern Europe, where they triggered massive Germanic invasions into the Roman Empire. | | | The basic ingredients that went into the making of a distinctly European civilization were the cultural legacy of Greece and Rome, the customs and traditions of the Germanic and Slavic peoples, and the Christian Church. |
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http://www.infogettable.net/books/guide-to-the-past/regionality.html
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| | ipedia.com: Crusade Article |
| | His successor permitted the Byzantine Empire to rebuild it, and pilgrimage was again permitted, but many stories began to be circulated about the cruelty of the Muslims toward Christian pilgrims, which played an important role in the development of the crusades later in the century. | | | However, a turning point in western attitudes came in the year 1009, when the Fatimid caliph of Cairo, al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, had the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem destroyed. | | | The northerners would be cemented to Rome and their troublesome minor counts and younger sons could see the only kind of action that suited them. |
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http://www.ipedia.com/crusade.html
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| | The Antipas Papers/Chapter 2/A Trap Is Being Set - Don't Get Caught |
| | Apostasy inevitably develops when Christians - because of their worldly comfort and wealth, or simply their desire for material things - refuse to acknowledge in word, deed, or action the fact that they are merely "pilgrims and strangers" - aliens - to this world and this present life. | | | It is the desire for material things which diverts Christians from their journey - from seeing this world as merely a "way station" on their path towards a better world. | | | In doing so, conservative Christians may in the end - and in the name of God - perpetrate greater human miseries and dangers than the ones they had at first sought to eradicate, becoming thereby the very evil they had at first professed to combat. |
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http://www.antipasministries.com/html/file0000013.htm
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| | Leonard Swidler's Curriculum Vitae |
| | Lectured on "Buddhism and Christianity: The `Age of Dialogue' and Peace" at the International Conference on Buddhist Studies Commemorating the 90th Anniversary of Dongguk University: "Buddhism and Civilization in the 21st Century," October 24-25, 1996, in Seoul, Korea. | | | Lectured on "A Christian Historical Perspective on Wisdom as a Basis for Dialogue with Judaism and Chinese Religion," November 25, 1992, in a conference on "Jewish-Christian Dialogue in an East-West Context" at the Hong Kong Christian Study Centre for Chinese Religion and Culture. | | | Lectured on "Christian, Confucian and Marxist Views of a Just, a Human Life," at Institute of World Religions, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, China, in first Annual Temple University Japan Religion Faculty-Institute of World Religions, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Lectures on Contemporary Religious Thought, May, 1991. |
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http://unix.ocis.temple.edu/~dialogue/Swidler/swidvit.html
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| | The Norton Anthology of English Literature: The Middle Ages: Topic 4: Overview |
| | Much of our knowledge of Germanic mythology and story, which was suppressed by the Church in England and on the Continent, survived in medieval Iceland where a deliberate effort was made to preserve ancient Germanic verse forms, mythology, legend, and political and family histories. | | | The close relationship between the language and literature of Anglo-Saxon England and other Germanic languages and literatures on the Continent may be illustrated from our second selection, a narrative poem based on the Book of Genesis in Manuscript Junius 11 now in the Bodleian Library of Oxford University. | | | Therefore it is helpful for students, as it is for scholars, to see Beowulf and its place in literary history in the context of early Germanic literature that was little known before nineteenth-century philologists, editors, and translators, eager to establish their native traditions, made the poem available once more. |
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http://www.wwnorton.com/nael/middleages/topic_4/welcome.htm
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| | The Secret of the Strength, Chapter 4 |
| | Latin Christians carried the Gospel throughout the far reaches of the Roman empire: to the Celts in Britain and Ireland, to Iberia (Spain and Portugal), to the Gauls in what later became France, and to Celtic tribes living in the Alps and down the Danube valley. | | | Once the Bible was printed and the Germans had it in their hands, the dark days of the apostate "catholic" church in northern Europe were over. | | | He was baptized in the "catholic" Christian church and loved to fight. |
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http://www.gw.org/Sos/Sos04.htm
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| | History and Origins of the Swedes and Sweden |
| | Not much is known about the Germanic tribes prior to this. | | | Pytheas translated Thule as "the place where the Sun goes to rest", which comes from the Germanic root word "Dhul-" meaning "to stop in a place, to take a rest." Pytheas described the people as barbarians (Germanic/Teutonic tribes) having an agricultural lifestyle, using barns and threshing their grains. | | | Germanic tribes, such as the Teutons and Goths, are considered the descended tribes of the Askaeni and their first settlements. |
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http://www.osterholm.info/swedes.html
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| | Lecture 17: Byzantine Civilization |
| | The crucial feature of the early Middle Ages was a unique blending of three distinct traditions: the Greco-Roman tradition, the Judeo-Christian tradition, and Germanic custom. | | | As western Europe fell to the Germanic invasions, imperial power shifted to the Byzantine Empire, that is, the eastern part of the Roman Empire, with its capital at Constantinople. | | | Despite the fact that the Church was hostile to the Arian form of Christianity, the Germans admired Roman culture. |
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http://www.historyguide.org/ancient/lecture17b.html
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| | Ministerials |
| | Roman aristocrats and Celts and Germanic chieftains had surrounded themselves in antiquity and in the early Middle Ages with bodyguards of lowly origins who posed less of a threat to their masters than wellborn individuals. | | | It remained customary until then to distinguish between nobles and ministerials in the witness lists of documents, to restrict the ministerials right to alienate their allods, except to ministerials of their own lord or to his proprietary churches, and to divide the children of ministerials of different lordships who had intermarried. | | | Indeed, it was not uncommon by 1300 for ministerials to become bishops. |
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http://www.swordbruden.org/ministerials.html
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| | Germanic languages - encyclopedia article about Germanic languages. |
| | The Germanic tribes spoke mutually intelligible dialects and shared a mythology (see Germanic mythology) and storytelling, as is indicated by Beowulf and the Volsunga saga. | | | Note that divisions between subfamilies of Germanic are rarely precisely defined; most form continuous clines, with adjacent dialects being mutually intelligible and more separated ones not. | | | It is known primarily through a translation of the Bible dating from the 4th century, and is the only East Germanic language with a sizeable corpus. |
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http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Germanic+languages
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| | Ch7 The Making of Europe |
| | Germanic ideas about law combined mystical reverence for unwritten custom with a continuing effort to forestall social conflict and the blood feud. | | | Germanic concepts of personal responsibility and reciprocal honor between man and man replaced the impersonal, monumental authority of the Roman state. | | | From Italy to Britain, Germanic chieftains who viewed as private possessions the lands they ruled took over the powers, but not the public obligations, of their Roman predecessors. |
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http://edweb.tusd.k12.az.us/uhs/website/courses/WC/Milo%20Chpts/Ch_07_The_Making_of_Europe.htm
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| | Karl Barth and the German Church Conflict |
| | Blurring racial and religious categories, the German Christians defined the church as essentially and primarily anti-Jewish, and it was this idea that became the fixed point around which spokesmen of the movement structured and organized their views. | | | The most disturbing parallels concern what appear to be the reluctance on the part of the Christian church in America to confront the evils of statism in a way the Confessing Church of Germany did in the 1930s. | | | It fights against the Jewish-materialistic spirit at home and abroad and believes that any lasting recovery of our people must be based on the “spiritual principle” that the welfare of the community comes before that of the individual. |
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http://www.daveblackonline.com/Karl_Barth.htm
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| | Crosswalk.com |
| | ...German churches are providing clothes, food, and other necessities to residents of refugee camps, and some churches are helping with housing, schooling, and child care, Reuters reports. | | | That may offend some Jews, but "the worst form of anti-Semitism is withholding the gospel from them," he said. | | | Decades of atheistic communism have tended to separate them from their heritage and reduce the objections to Jesus that those in Israel or Western nations have. |
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http://www.learnathome.com/523028.html?view=print
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| | Religion Role in the Rise of the Nazis |
| | In contrast, Christianity had the capacity to stop Nazism before it came to power, and to reduce or moderate its practices afterwards, but repeatedly failed to do so because the principal churches were complicit withâindeed, in the pay ofâthe Nazis. | | | Reports sanitized the camps’ true nature, but no one could mistake that they were part of a new police stateâto which most German followers of Jesus raised no objection. | | | Later attempts by Nazi authorities to hamper church activities were often frustrated by sizeable demonstrations. |
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http://kanony.4t.com/custom3.html
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| | Newsletter no 15 (Vol II, no 3) - April 1996 |
| | These "storm-troopers of Jesus Christ" sought to keep alive the memories of their comradeship from the first world war, saw the Nazi movement as a continuation of masculine revival, deplored the effeminateness of much church life, and tried to persuade more men to return to the church. | | | Even on the battlefield, the soldiers turned to an older tradition of folk-religion or fatalism; at home some of their relatives turned to spiritualism to retain their contact with the newly dead. | | | They were attacked by the traditionalists in the Confessing Church for having sold out the Gospel by advocating such non-biblical criteria as blood and race. |
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http://www.calvin.edu/academic/cas/akz/akz9604.htm
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| | Amazon.co.uk: Twisted Cross: The German Christian Movement in the Third Reich: Books |
| | Throughout the book, Bergen reveals the important role played by women and by the ideology of spiritual motherhood amid the German Christians' glorification of a "manly" church. | | | For most of the book, her focus is on understanding how the at once nationalist and anti-doctrinal theology of the church evolved under the pressures of the Nazi regime. | | | This movement, self-designated as "The People's Church," celebrated its uniquely German form of Christianity in emotion-charged liturgies cleansed of traditional rituals and language. |
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http://www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/ASIN/0807845604
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| | Germanic Invasions |
| | Even thereafter most of the Germanic chieftains gave deference to the emperor in the east, so long as he did not actually try to rule them; and Odoacer himself was overthrown in 493 by Theodoric, leader of the Ostrogoths, who had been directed toward Italy by the eastern emperor. | | | By the late third and fourth centuries some peoples were moving into a semi-civilized state, as marked by the swift acceptance of Christianity on their entry into the Empire and the translation of part of the Bible into Gothic by Ulfilas (consecrated bishop in 340). | | | Although all frontiers of the Empire were assailed at one point or another in the third century, the most serious blows were delivered by the Germans. |
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http://www2.sunysuffolk.edu/andersje/hs20/rome/german_invasions.htm
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