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| | Orthodoxy |
 | | From the 4th to the 11th century, Constantinople, the centre of Eastern Christianity, was also the capital of the Eastern Roman, or Byzantine, Empire, while Rome, after the barbarian invasions, fell under the influence of the Holy Roman Empire of the West, a political rival. | | | The Eastern Christians considered all churches as sister churches and understood the primacy of the | | | The GREAT SCHISM between the Eastern and theWestern Church (1054) was the culmination of a gradual process of estrangement between the east and west that began in the first centuries of the Christian Era and continued through the Middle Ages. |
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http://www.kosovo.com/orthodoxy.html
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| | BIGpedia - Eastern Orthodoxy - Encyclopedia and Dictionary Online |
| | Eastern Rite Churches include the Armenian Catholic Church, the Chaldean Catholic Church, Eparchy of Krizevci, Italo-Albanian Catholic Church, the Maronite Church, the Romanian Greek-Catholic Uniate Church, the Ruthenian Catholic Church, the Syrian Catholic Church, the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church, the Syro-Malankara Catholic Church, the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, Union of Brest. | | | This stems from the historical identification of Orthodoxy with the Greek-speaking Byzantine Empire in the east, as opposed to the Latin-speaking Roman Catholic Church in the west. | | | Eastern Orthodoxy is in general, "Christocentric", viewing Christ Jesus as the head of the Church, and the Church as his body; with authority derived directly from this relationship. |
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http://www.bigpedia.com/encyclopedia/Eastern_Orthodoxy
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| | Catholicism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | England, France, the Holy Roman Empire, Scandinavia, and much of the rest of Western Europe were in the Western camp, and Greece, Russia and many of other Slavic lands, Anatolia, and the Christians in Syria and Egypt who accepted the Council of Chalcedon made up the Eastern camp. | | | Catholicism has two main ecclesiastical meanings, described in Webster's Dictionary as: a) "the whole orthodox Christian church, or adherence thereto"; and b) "the doctrines or faith of the Roman Catholic church, or adherence thereto." | | | The several churches of Eastern Orthodoxy and Oriental Orthodoxy each consider themselves to be the universal and true Catholic Church, and typically regard the other of these families and the Western Catholics as heretical and as having left the One Holy Catholic, and Apostolic Church. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholicism
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| | EAWC Essay: Mithraism |
| | Some of these men were initiates in several cults imported from the eastern empire (including those of Magna Mater and Attis, Isis, Serapis, Jupiter Dolichenus, Hecate, and Liber Pater, among others), and most had held priesthoods in official Roman cults. | | | Once these Roman soldiers and the camp-followers of the legions, who included merchants, slaves, and freedmen, started to worship Mithras, argued Cumont, their further movements around the empire served to spread the cult to other areas. | | | The precise relationship between the Roman cult of Mithras as it developed during the empire and the Mitra and Mithra of the Hindu and Zoroastrian pantheons, respectively, is unclear. |
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http://eawc.evansville.edu/essays/mithraism.htm
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| | EASTERN ORTHODOXY |
| | The Roman Catholic Church and its twin, Eastern Orthodoxy, were formed by a spiritually adulterous relationship between the political empire and apostate church leaders. | | | Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy both claim direct descent from Christ and the Apostles, but that this claim is bogus is evident in their non-apostolic doctrines and practices. | | | Orthodoxy practices the mass or the "Holy Eucharist" [eucharist means praise] whereby Christ supposedly is sacrificed anew and the bread and wine of the "eucharist" becomes the actual body and blood of Christ. |
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http://www.wayoflife.org/fbns/eastern.htm
(772 words)
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| | EASTERN ORTHODOXY |
| | The Roman Catholic Church and its twin, Eastern Orthodoxy, were formed by a spiritually adulterous relationship between the political empire and apostate church leaders. | | | Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy both claim direct descent from Christ and the Apostles, but that this claim is bogus is evident in their non-apostolic doctrines and practices. | | | This explains the origin of such unscriptural practices as the mass, purgatory, sacraments, prayers to and for the dead, consecrated buildings, Mary worship, scapulars, and the rosary. |
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http://www.wayoflife.org/fbns/eastern.htm
(772 words)
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| | Eastern Catholic |
| | The Eastern Christians are most often called "Greek" because of the Greek empires in the eastern Mediterranean, but a more accurate term would be Byzantine Christians since their style of worship was patterned after the church at Byzantium. | | | Eastern Christianity has as its early focus the "eastern capitol of the Roman Empire," that is Constantinople (or as it had been called Byzantium). | | | Eastern Catholic Churches are groups of Christians whose traditions are based on the style of Constantinople but are in union with the church of Rome. |
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http://www.melkite.org/eastern.htm
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| | ORIGARAB.TXT |
| | The Origins of Middle Eastern Arab Christianity By Dr. George Khoury 1- Introduction: The Christian church was born in Palestine at a time when the Roman Empire was in its youth and when Palestine had been incorporated into at empire. | | | Nestorian Christianity came early to Hira, where a monastery was built in A.D. A bishop is recorded in the same year. | | | In the land of Saba -present-day Yemen- once the hub of Arabian civilization, it had arrived from Abyssinia and for a time during the preceding century had been the religion of the state, until the country was overrun by the Persians. |
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http://www.ewtn.com/library/CHISTORY/ORIGARAB.TXT
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| | Eastern Orthodox Church |
| | Unlike the Roman Catholic Church, which regards the Holy Spirit as proceeding from the Father and the Son, the Eastern Orthodox Church claims that the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father through the Son. | | | The Eastern Orthodox Church emerged as a result of disagreements between Greek speaking eastern churches and Latin speaking western churches over doctrine and ecclesiastical authority. | | | The collapse of the Byzantine empire in 1453 meant that, apart from Russia, the Orthodox Church lay under the rule of the Ottoman Turks. |
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http://philtar.ucsm.ac.uk/encyclopedia/christ/east/eastorth.html
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| | Roman Public Religion; roman history, roman civilization |
| | While his assimilation to divine status would have seemed ordinary to inhabitants of the eastern parts of Roman empire, accustomed to Hellenistic ruler cults, it was a novel (and therefore frightening) and foreign (and therefore bad) gesture from the point of view of ordinary Roman citizens in the western part of the empire. | | | Romans, nevertheless, did not draw as sharp a distinction between the mortal and divine as we do. | | | Romans believed that the books and the priesthood were very old. |
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http://www.bates.edu/~mimber/Rciv/public.relig.htm
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| | Eastern Orthodox Church |
| | Unlike the Roman Catholic Church, which regards the Holy Spirit as proceeding from the Father and the Son, the Eastern Orthodox Church claims that the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father through the Son. | | | The Eastern Orthodox Church emerged as a result of disagreements between Greek speaking eastern churches and Latin speaking western churches over doctrine and ecclesiastical authority. | | | The Ottomans placed the eastern churches under the jurisdiction of the patriarch of Constantinople. |
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http://philtar.ucsm.ac.uk/encyclopedia/christ/east/eastorth.html
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| | World Almanac for Kids |
| | Although Eastern Christianity was in many ways the direct heir of the early church, some of the most dynamic development took place in the western part of the Roman Empire. | | | Eastern Christianity was, and still is, a way of worship and on that basis a way of life and a way of belief. | | | Eastern Christians and the followers of the Prophet Muhammad exerted influence on one another in intellectual, philosophical, scientific, and even theological matters. |
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http://www.worldalmanacforkids.com/explore/religion/christianity.html
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| | The Roman Calendar |
| | Roman leaders, diplomats and soldiers, accordingly, would have become increasingly familiar with 7 day week as they established 'eastern empire." They would also have not tried to impose Roman 8 day system on local inhabitants of eastern provinces. | | | Roman priests were charged with knowing how to keep the calendar and maintaining it. | | | Roman priests would days to the end of February to keep the calendar in sync with the seasons [similar to Numa's system"]. |
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http://abacus.bates.edu/~mimber/Rciv/roman.cal.htm
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| | GEOG 455U/555: The Middle East -Atlas Exercise |
| | What was the religion of the Eastern Roman Empire? | | | Constantinople was the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire. | | | ________________ What was the religion on the Omayyad Empire? |
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http://www.odu.edu/webroot/instr/al/DZeigler.nsf/pages/g455-su00-religion
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| | The church and the world (from Eastern Orthodoxy) -- Encyclopædia Britannica |
| | The churches in Western Europe, under the authority of the pope at Rome, separated from the churches in the Eastern Roman (or Byzantine) Empire, under the authority of the patriarch (bishop) of Constantinople. | | | The church and the world (from Eastern Orthodoxy) -- Encyclopædia Britannica | | | While traveling in eastern Iowa, he found a place by the Little Cedar River, in the town of Bradford, that he thought would be an attractive place to build a church. |
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http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-11158?tocId=11158
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| | Eastern Orthodox Church |
| | Unlike the Roman Catholic Church, which regards the Holy Spirit as proceeding from the Father and the Son, the Eastern Orthodox Church claims that the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father through the Son. | | | The collapse of the Byzantine empire in 1453 meant that, apart from Russia, the Orthodox Church lay under the rule of the Ottoman Turks. | | | The icon is of particular importance for the Orthodox Church since it is seen as the dwelling place of God's grace, creating in the faithful a sense of the presence of God. |
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http://philtar.ucsm.ac.uk/encyclopedia/christ/east/eastorth.html
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| | HNRS 81 Lec 1 Eastern Christianity in Comparative Perspective |
| | Week 1 (Jan. 7/9): Introduction: early Christianity; community and organization; early doctrinal disputes; the institutionalization of Christianity as a religion in the Roman empire; the rise of monasticism and its implications for further developments in the church; the first Ecumenical Councils and the establishment of a common creed. | | | Week 2 (Jan 14/16): the beginnings of a divergence between Eastern and Western Christian outlooks: the Ecumenical Councils (continued); the separation of the Monophysite and Nestorian churches from the Orthodox; the building of a multi-cultural theistic state and the iconoclastic controversy; the Great Schism; the flowering of Byzantine theology. | | | History: the emergence and development of the major Eastern churches, primarily Eastern Orthodox, but with excursus on some of the other Oriental churches of the Monophysite and Nestorian traditions. |
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http://www.humnet.ucla.edu/syllabi/classes/hnrs81_lec1_02w/Syllabus.cfm
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| | Roman Catholicism |
| | The eastern half of the Roman empire was experiencing a doctrinal controversy with the Arians. | | | Volumes on the history and the doctrine of the Roman Catholic church are legion. | | | As of 1994, the church has released the Catechism of the Catholic Church. |
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http://www.xenos.org/essays/rc_tbl.htm
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| | ropage.htm |
| | After two civil wars he establishes a dynasty to last until 450 in the Eastern empire and is considered responsible for the fall of the western Roman empire because of his focus on creating a dynasty.. | | | is declared the sole religion of the Roman Empire by Theodosius I. By | | | Their contributions to the Romans are the basis of the Roman alphabet, many religious concepts and artistic talent as well as mythology. |
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http://eawc.evansville.edu/chronology/ropage.htm
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| | Eastern Orthodoxy |
| | Eastern Orthodoxy comprises the faith and practices stemming from ancient churches in the eastern part of the Roman Empire. | | | Alibi for prejudice: eastern orthodoxy, the Holocaust, and Romanian nationalism. | | | The Eastern Orthodox churches recognize only the canons of the seven ecumenical councils (325–787) as binding for faith, and they reject doctrines that have been added in the West. |
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http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0001464.html
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| | Egyptian Christianity: A History of the Christian Church in Egypt |
| | This resulted in the separation of the Coptic Church from the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches, a separation that has persisted to the present, though discussions which began in 1966 show signs of healing the breach between the Coptic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Churches. | | | Alexandria, one of the three dominant churches in the Empire, along with Rome itself and Antioch, became the center of creative Christian theology, turning out a succession of able theologians and defenders of the Christian faith. | | | With the legalization of Christianity in the Roman Empire by Constantine in AD 313, persecution of Egyptian Christians ended. |
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http://www.bethel.edu/~letnie/AfricanChristianity/EgyptHomepage.html
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| | DARKAGE1.TXT |
| | The Dream of Reuniting the Eastern and Western provinces of the Roman Empire Justinian believed himself to be mandated by God to restore the eastern and western halves of the Roman Empire to its earlier days of glory. | | | Eastern monasteries came to be one of the richest landowners in the Byzantine Empire, from the large bequeaths of land given to them by pious farmers. | | | However, in 484 C.E., Orthodox Eastern Christianity reversed its position, and came down on the side of the Monophysites regarding the doctrine of Jesus' one divine nature. |
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http://www.entheology.org/library/winters/DARKAGE1.TXT
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| | Roman Catholicism |
| | The bishops of the eastern provinces of the Roman empire disagreed with this attempt of the Roman hierarchy to assert its preeminence or supremacy. | | | The arrogant claims to supremacy of the bishop of Rome, along with the false teaching that the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Son, brought division between the Orthodox Churches of the East and the western Roman Church. | | | After the destruction of Jerusalem by the Romans in 78 A.D., the Christian Church of Jerusalem temporarily ceased to exist, and the Roman congregation and the administration of its bishops advanced to the forefront. |
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http://www.orthodoxphotos.com/readings/true/catholicism.shtml
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| | EASTERN ORTHODOXY |
| | The Roman Catholic Church and its twin, Eastern Orthodoxy, were formed by a spiritually adulterous relationship between the political empire and apostate church leaders. | | | Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy both claim direct descent from Christ and the Apostles, but that this claim is bogus is evident in their non-apostolic doctrines and practices. | | | ECUMENISM: The Eastern Orthodox churches are members of and form an influential block within the World Council of Churches. |
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http://www.wayoflife.org/fbns/eastern.htm
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| | Eastern Rite -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article |
| | The one (A native or inhabitant of Byzantium or of the Byzantine Empire) Byzantine liturgical rite is used by several distinct Eastern Churches or Rites. | | | All Roman Catholics are subject to the (A clergyman having spiritual and administrative authority; appointed in Christian churches to oversee priests or ministers; considered in some churches to be successors of the twelve apostles of Christ) bishop of the eparchy or diocese to which they belong. | | | The Churches that sided with Constantinople are known collectively as the (Derived from the Byzantine Church and adhering to Byzantine rites) Eastern Orthodox Churches. |
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http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/encyclopedia/e/ea/eastern_rite.htm
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| | Roman Catholicism |
| | The eastern half of the Roman empire was experiencing a doctrinal controversy with the Arians. | | | Volumes on the history and the doctrine of the Roman Catholic church are legion. | | | And again it is the source of tradition to which the Catholic church chiefly refers to support the primacy of the "Roman" Catholic church. |
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http://www.xenos.org/essays/rc_tbl.htm
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| | Church and state in Eastern and Western theology (from Christianity) -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia |
| | The churches in Western Europe, under the authority of the pope at Rome, separated from the churches in the Eastern Roman (or Byzantine) Empire, under the authority of the patriarch (bishop) of Constantinople. | | | any of a group of Eastern Christian churches that trace their origins to various ancient national or ethnic Christian bodies in the East but have established union (hence Eastern rite churches were in the past often called Uniates) or canonical communion with the Roman Apostolic See and, thus, with the Roman Catholic church. | | | The churches of the Eastern Empire have come to be known by the collective term Eastern Orthodoxy. |
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http://www.britannica.com/ebi/article-67583
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| | The Inquisition |
| | Inquisitions did not exist in Northern Europe, Eastern Europe, Scandinavia, or England, being confined mainly to southern France, Italy, Spain, and a few parts of the Holy Roman Empire. | | | The fact that the Protestant Reformers also created inquisitions to root out Catholics and others who did not fall into line with the doctrines of the local Protestant sect shows that the existence of an inquisition does not prove that a movement is not of God. | | | Fundamentalist writers claim the existence of the Inquisition proves the Catholic Church could not be the Church founded by our Lord. |
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http://www.catholic.com/library/inquisition.asp
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| | CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: The Byzantine Empire |
| | Taking root on Eastern soil, flanked on all sides by the most widely dissimilar peoples — Orientals, Finnic-Ugrians and Slavs — some of them dangerous neighbours just beyond the border, others settled on Byzantine territory, the empire was loosely connected on the west with the other half of the old Roman Empire. | | | The eastern frontier of the empire in Asia Minor was the home of these multifarious sects, which guaranteed the separate existence of the tribes which belonged to them and regarded themselves as the "faithful" in opposition to the state Church. | | | Probably he hoped by this means to bring the people of the empire closer to Islam, to lessen the differences between the two religions. |
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http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03096a.htm
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