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| | Outline the Cosmological Argument- |
 | | The Cosmological argument relies on the acceptance of certain principle is a person can accept these ideas then the argument works. | | | For some the cosmological argument is true is answers the questions they pose about their existence. | | | Even if the Cosmological argument is upheld there are many limitations. |
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http://www.coursework.info/i/1269.html
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| | A critique of the kalam argument |
| | I shall be particularly concerned with the cogency of the causal principle on which the argument rests ("Whatever begins to exist must have a cause"), with the relation that is alleged to hold between the First Cause and the universe, and with the implications for the nature of the First Cause. | | | Craig, "In Defense of the Kalam Cosmological Argument," Faith and Philosophy 14, 236-247. | | | Craig believes, not only that the kalam argument establishes that the universe has a cause, but also that there is a strong argument for the saying that this cause must be a person. |
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http://stripe.colorado.edu/~morristo/kalam2.html
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| | Barrow and Tipler on the Anthropic Principle vs. Divine Design |
| | In their massive study The Anthropic Cosmological Principle, [1986]{1} John Barrow and Frank Tipler provide the most comprehensive analysis to date of the so-called Anthropic Principle and its relation to the classic teleological argument for a Divine Designer of the cosmos. | | | According to their analysis, the Anthropic Principle evolved out of the traditional design argument for God's existence, particularly one version of that argument, the eutaxiological version, which was based on the presence of discernable order and mutual harmony in nature in abstraction from any anthropocentric purpose being in view. | | | Barrow and Tipler's attempt to stave off the inference to divine design by appealing to the Weak Anthropic Principle is demonstrably logically fallacious unless one conjoins to it the metaphysical hypothesis of a World Ensemble. |
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http://www.leaderu.com/offices/billcraig/docs/barrow.html
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| | How to Refute Principles of Sufficient Reason |
| | In one version or another, PSR is presupposed in certain fundamental philosophical arguments, including perhaps most famously an argument for the existence of God -- the First-Cause or Cosmological Argument -- as well as arguments to the effect that there must always be something science and reason cannot explain. | | | He thinks the cosmological arguer can easily respond to a denial of PSR by recasting the argument "so that its conclusion is no longer that there is in fact a theistic type explanation [of the universe]... | | | For according to PSRs, the statement T of the sufficient reason is supposed to be true, and the sufficient reasons are supposed to be logically sufficient, so that T entails the statement S of what is to be explained. |
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http://www.vanderbilt.edu/~postjf/psr.htm
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| | A critique of the kalam argument |
| | I shall be particularly concerned with the cogency of the causal principle on which the argument rests ("Whatever begins to exist must have a cause"), with the relation that is alleged to hold between the First Cause and the universe, and with the implications for the nature of the First Cause. | | | Craig, "In Defense of the Kalam Cosmological Argument," Faith and Philosophy 14, 236-247. | | | Craig believes, not only that the kalam argument establishes that the universe has a cause, but also that there is a strong argument for the saying that this cause must be a person. |
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http://spot.colorado.edu/~morristo/kalam2.html
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| | A Restricted Principle of Sufficient Reason and the Cosmological Argument |
| | A Restricted Principle of Sufficient Reason and the Cosmological Argument | | | “The Hume-Edwards Principle and the Cosmological Argument,” International Journal for the Philosophy of Religion 43 (1998), 149-65. | | | This argument shows that the defender of the RPSR must give an explanation for the way the coin landed, even when it did so in an indeterministic manner. |
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http://www.georgetown.edu/faculty/ap85/papers/RPSR.html
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| | Anthropic Principle |
| | Weak Anthropic Principle (WAP): The observed values of all physical and cosmological quantities are not equally probable but they take on values restricted by the requirement that there exist sites where carbon-based life can evolve and by the requirement that the Universe be old enough for it to have already done so. | | | These are the kinds of question that are addressed by what has become known as the anthropic principle. | | | For example, Principles of Mediocrity like the Copernican Principle or the Principle of Plenitude (see Chapter 3) would imply that if the Universe did possess a preferred place, or centre, then we should not expect to find ourselves positioned there. |
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http://www.dhushara.com/book/quantcos/anth/anth.htm
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| | Principle of Sufficient Reason - definition of Principle of Sufficient Reason in Encyclopedia |
| | The principle is at the heart of some versions of the cosmological argument for the existence of God. | | | Principle of Sufficient Reason - definition of Principle of Sufficient Reason in Encyclopedia | | | In fact, some philosophers, both theistic and non-theistic, think that the existence of God follows from the Principle. |
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http://encyclopedia.laborlawtalk.com/Principle_of_Sufficient_Reason
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| | Cogprints - How to Refute Principles of Sufficient Reason |
| | cosmological argument, first-cause argument, causalargument, sufficient reason, principle of sufficient reason, causalprinciple, Gale, theism, arguments for the existenceof God, explanation, ultimate explanation, big bang, mystery, mystery of existence, question of being, necessary being | | | Outlines a conceptual argument against the Principle of Sufficient reason. | | | Post, John F. How to Refute Principles of Sufficient Reason. |
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http://cogprints.org/390
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| | Ex Nihilo Nihil Fit: Arguments New and Old for the Principle of Sufficient Reason |
| | Note that the PSR and the Causal Principle present themselves as conceptual truths. They present themselves as claims not merely contingently true, but as necessarily true. | | | Rowe, William L. “Rationalistic Theology and Some Principles of Explanation”, Faith and Philosophy 1, 357–369. | | | Ex Nihilo Nihil Fit: Arguments New and Old for the Principle of Sufficient Reason |
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http://www.georgetown.edu/faculty/ap85/papers/ENNFtalk.html
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| | Final Anthropic Principle - Information |
| | The final anthropic principle (FAP) is defined by physicists John D. Barrow and Frank J. Tipler's 1986 book "The Anthropic Cosmological Principle" as a generalization of the anthropic principle as follows: | | | Critics of the Final Anthropic Principle claim that its arguments violate the Copernican Principle, that it incorrectly applies the laws of probability, and that it is really a theology or metaphysics principle made to sound plausible to laypeople by using the esoteric language of physics. | | | Final anthropic principle (FAP): "Intelligent information-processing must come into existence in the Universe, and, once it comes into existence, it will never die out." |
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http://www.logicjungle.com/wiki/Final_Anthropic_Principle
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| | 2.1 The cosmological principle |
| | The perfect cosmological principle led to the steady state model, which although more symmetric than the (generalized) cosmological principle, was rejected on observational grounds. | | | In fact, the cosmological principle was first adopted when observational cosmology was in its infancy; it was then little more than a conjecture, embodying ’Occam’s razor’ for the simplest possible model. | | | The anthropic principle is becoming popular again, e.g., in ‘explaining’ the non-zero value of the cosmological constant. |
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http://www.univie.ac.at/EMIS/journals/LRG/Articles/lrr-2004-8/articlesu1.html
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| | Chapter II |
| | The cosmological principle implies an ideal-state cosmological model of the universe in which all local departures from its average equilibrium are canceled out, and the density of matter and energy in the universe is regarded as constant in the large. | | | The principle of congruence that I have adopted is implied in the cosmological principle, such that the physical properties governing the distribution and interaction of mass, energy and space-time hold in all areas. | | | The cosmological principle states in general that the universe is self-consistently composed of a statistically homogeneous and isotropic distribution of mass and energy in space-time. |
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http://www.lewismicropublishing.com/Publications/CosmologyReality/CR2.htm
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| | Amazon.com: The Accelerating Universe : Infinite Expansion, the Cosmological Constant, and the Beauty of the Cosmos: Books: Mario Livio |
| | He suggests that 3 key criteria be used to evaluate the quality of a new cosmological theory-- symmetry, simplicity, and the Copernican principle (the "principle of mediocrity" or, generally, the idea that earth is nothing special in the universe). | | | Accurate theories in cosmology may turn out not to have simplicity to be comprehensive, and the Copernican principle may not be appropriate, at least in certain respects; we have to be open to that possibility, which suggests that Livio's Cosmological Aesthetic Principle might be a questionable set of criteria. | | | Livio unfortunately dallies with something that he calls the cosmological aesthetic principle-- his term-- as a new framework in which to provide and organise cosmological theories. |
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http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0471399760?v=glance
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| | JCA: Education: Cosmological Principles |
| | This principle is a fundamental assumption of the Steady-State Cosmological Theory. | | | The Copernican Cosmological Principle (or often simply the "Cosmological Principle") is a logical extension of the the Copernican theory that the Earth is not the center of the universe. | | | The Anthropic Cosmological Principle also assumes that the (on a large scale) the universe is both homogeneous and isotropic in 3-D space. |
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http://jca.umbc.edu/~george/html/courses/glossary/cosmo_principle_copern.html
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| | JCA: Education: Cosmological Principles |
| | This principle is a fundamental assumption of the Steady-State Cosmological Theory. | | | The Copernican Cosmological Principle (or often simply the "Cosmological Principle") is a logical extension of the the Copernican theory that the Earth is not the center of the universe. | | | The Anthropic Cosmological Principle also assumes that the (on a large scale) the universe is both homogeneous and isotropic in 3-D space. |
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http://jca.umbc.edu/~george/html/courses/glossary/cosmo_principle_copern.html
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| | JCA: Education: Cosmological Principles |
| | The Anthropic Cosmological Principle also assumes that the (on a large scale) the universe is both homogeneous and isotropic in 3-D space. | | | The Perfect Cosmological Principle also assumes that the (on a large scale) the universe is both homogeneous and isotropic in 3-D space, but extends it to include time as well. | | | The Copernican Cosmological Principle (or often simply the "Cosmological Principle") is a logical extension of the the Copernican theory that the Earth is not the center of the universe. |
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http://www.jca.umbc.edu/~george/html/courses/glossary/cosmo_principle_copern.html
(647 words)
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| | The Cosmological Principles by Konrad Rudnicki |
| | Three models based on the Copernican Principle were developed: Copernicus’ own, Kepler’s and the lesser known model by Tycho Brahe, according to which the central place is occupied by the Earth (the Cosmological Principle of the Ancients), but the universe observed from any planet looks much alike (Copernican Principle). | | | Cosmological principles are the assumptions which allow us to deduce the whole of nature on the basis of the observable to the unobservable. | | | Not surprisingly, any study of cosmological principles must combine elements of astronomy, physics and philosophy. |
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http://www.southerncrossreview.org/22/rudnicki.htm
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| | The Cosmological Constant and the Redshift of Quasars |
| | In principle, it is not necessary to use a cosmological constant that neutralizes the gravitational forces at large distances. | | | The steady-state model uses "the perfect cosmological principle," in which the universe presents the same large-scale view to all fundamental observers at all times. | | | We have seen in section IV that the equivalent of a cosmological constant is just as necessary in the case of the Big Bang model as in the case of Einstein's static universe. |
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http://www.newtonphysics.on.ca/QUASARS/Quasars.html
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| | Cosmological Principle |
| | Combined with the cosmological principle, the fact that the Universe is homogeneous at all points and all times, then the finite speed of light means that observation so distant galaxies are equivalent to lookback time. | | | A corollary to the cosmological principle is that the laws of physics are universal. | | | The greatest consequence of the cosmological principle is that it implies that all parts of space are causally connected at some time in the past (although they may no longer be connected today). |
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http://zebu.uoregon.edu/~js/cosmo/lectures/lec05.html
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| | expans.html |
| | While that could be the case, cosmologists usually assumes the so called Cosmological principle (or Copernican principle) which states that our position is not special in any way and that the observed isotropy has to be interpreted as isotropy about all points. | | | The Cosmological principle and the expansion of the Universe | | | The following applet allows you to investigate what kind of expansion laws are consistent with the Cosmological principle. |
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http://www.amherst.edu/~gsgreens/progs/cosmology/expans.html
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| | Anthropic Principle |
| | For example, the Copernican principle (now known as the cosmological principle) states that the portion of the Universe we observe is not special or privileged, but is representative of the whole. | | | Weak Anthropic Principle: The observed values of all physical and cosmological quantities are not equally probable but they take on values restricted by the requirement that there exist sites where carbon-based life can evolve and by the requirements that the Universe be old enough for it to have already done so. | | | The usual criticism of any form of the anthropic principle is that it is guilty of a tautology or circular reasoning. |
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http://zebu.uoregon.edu/~js/cosmo/lectures/lec24.html
(3464 words)
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| | Final anthropic principle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The final anthropic principle (FAP) is defined by physicists John D. Barrow and Frank J. Tipler's 1986 book "The Anthropic Cosmological Principle" as a generalization of the anthropic principle as follows: | | | John D. Barrow, Frank J. Tipler, The Anthropic Cosmological Principle (1988 edition) Oxford University Press, ISBN 0192821474 | | | Critics of the Final Anthropic Principle claim that its arguments violate the Copernican Principle, that it incorrectly applies the laws of probability, and that it is really a theology or metaphysics principle made to sound plausible to laypeople by using the esoteric language of physics. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Final_anthropic_principle
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| | Paradoxes Resolved, Origins Illuminated - Cosmological Principle |
| | BBers should be attempting to observe such motion because the cosmological principle and the BB are not compatible. | | | As popular cosmology stands today, until we can devise a method to observe the non-radial motion of galaxies, the cosmological principle stands and your model is the only one I have seen that upholds it. | | | I'm confused about the Cosmological principle as well. |
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http://www.metaresearch.org/msgboard/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=492
(553 words)
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| | Detailed Review [Fonya - 1997 - "Perfect Cosmological Principle"] - ProgressoR |
| | Uniform Expansion and the Perfect Cosmological Principle sometimes apparently show that a long hypnotic solo from electric guitar can play the same prominent role as a Solo Spacecraft Pilot plays on board of his starship. | | | In spite of the presence on the current progressive rock scene such solo artists as Jeremy, Mike Oldfield, and others who work in the similar stylistics, the music on "Perfect Cosmological Principle" is very fresh, and as perfect as the same ancient (yet eternal) Perfect Cosmological Principle. | | | This longest separate composition on "Perfect Cosmological Principle" is also the most sophisticated. |
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http://www.ag-netcom.net/progress/review/fonya_1997.html
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| | What is an FRW universe? |
| | Robertson says that he is studying "the problem of determining the most general kinematical background suitable for an idealized universe in which the cosmological principle holds." Therefore, the fundamental premise of the Robertson universe is that it is based on the Cosmological Principle. | | | Robertson summarized his contribution this way: "The idealized cosmological problem, in which the nebulae are considered as particles in homogeneous flow, is analyzed from the standpoint of the operational methodology, allowing the fundamental observers the use only of clocks, theodolites and light signals." One does not hear much of fundamental observers equipped with *theodolites* nowadays. | | | Robertson continues: "The increased knowledge of the structure, distribution, and radial motion of extragalactic nebulae, which has been amassed during the past decade, has brought about a renewed interest in cosmological speculation." The word "speculation" also has gone the way of "theodolite" and disappeared from cosmology. |
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http://www.lns.cornell.edu/spr/2000-08/msg0027257.html
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| | [Einstein's] Equivalence principle passes atomic test |
| | It may be shown that the cosmological principle (the assumption that there are no preferred positions or directions in the Universe) is inconsistent with a static universe. | | | When Einstein first realized that the solution of his equations subject to the constraints of the cosmological principle led to universes that were not static, he was dismayed..." | | | The weak equivalence principle is a cornerstone of general relativity and states that, in the absence of other forces, all objects fall with the same acceleration under the influence of gravity. |
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http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1281414/posts
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| | JCA: Education: Anthropic Cosmological Principle |
| | However, as an extension to the Copernican Cosmological Principle, the sentient being reasons that out of all the possible loaves (ingredients, proportions, open temperatures, baking times etc), they exist in the loaf they do since the conditions were just right, to bake such a loaf. | | | As for the the Copernican Cosmological Principle, the Anthropic Cosmological Principle is essentially a metaphysical statement and, it is still unclear (perhaps never knowable) whether it is true | | | The Strong Anthropic Principle takes this one step further to state that there could be many different universes (or regions in a single universe) where the laws of physics are different. |
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http://jca.umbc.edu/~george/html/courses/glossary/cosmo_principle_anthro.html
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| | Cosmological Principle |
| | Combined with the cosmological principle, the fact that the Universe is homogeneous at all points and all times, then the finite speed of light means that observation so distant galaxies are equivalent to lookback time. | | | The greatest consequence of the cosmological principle is that it implies that all parts of space are causally connected at some time in the past (although they may no longer be connected today). | | | Almost all cosmological and scientific theories are scrutinized by the Copernican principle. |
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http://abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/cosmo/lectures/lec05.html
(1675 words)
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