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| Â | Paolo Gualdo |
 | | Others, not wanting to agree with my ideas, advanced ridiculous and impossible opinions against me. And some, overwhelmed and convinced by my arguments, attempted to rob me of that Glory which was mine, pretending not to have seen my writings and trying to represent themselves as the original discoverers of these impressive marvels. | | | With the unmasking of Apelles, it became clear why the Collegio Roman had debated the sunspot issue so heatedly, why it had tilted toward an anti-Galileo position, and why the church censors had given Prince Cesi such a difficult time in granting their formal imprimatur. | | | Later while reading James Reston Jr.'s Galileo: A Life, it occurred to me that "Apelles" whom Gualdo mentioned to Galileo in his letter of 1611 was none other than Father Christoph Scheiner. |
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http://www.wisdomportal.com/Dates/PaolaGualdo.html
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| Â | The Galileo Project Science Christoph Scheiner |
| | Because of the conservative stand of the Jesuit order on cosmological issues, Scheiner attempted to rescue the perfection of the Sun, and by implication the heavens generally, from imperfection. | | | Although he was polite to Scheiner, Galileo refuted his arguments and there was little doubt as to who was the winner of this dispute. | | | Scheiner restated his argument that sunspots were caused by satellites and argued that Jupiter had more satellites than the four discovered by Galileo. |
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http://es.rice.edu/ES/humsoc/Galileo/People/scheiner.html
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| Â | Christoph Scheiner |
| | Following the movement of the sunspots he calculated the rotation times of the Sun, that is about 25 days near the equator and 31 days near the poles. | | | And although he rejected his first theories about sub mercurian bodies and accepted the fact of spots on the Sun as a contradiction to the philosophy of Aristoteles of the invariable celestial bodies, until his death at July the 18th, 1650 in Neisse he didn't move from is confession about the geocentric universe. | | | Since 1616 Scheiner was working as father confessor and also as a consultant for some of the leaders in Europe. |
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http://www.surveyor.in-berlin.de/himmel/Bios/Scheiner-e.html
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| Â | Timeline 1575-1599 |
| | Marlowe established blank verse as a dramatic form. | | | 1587 Christopher Marlowe’s "Tamburlaine the Great" was first produced on stage and published three years later. | | | It was later speculated that his death was faked and that he fled to Italy and continued writing plays that were produced by Shakespeare. |
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http://timelines.ws/1575_1599.HTML
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| Â | Christoph Scheiner |
| | Scheiner's original opinion was that sunspots were small planets closely orbiting the Sun, a position convincingly refuted by Galileo in his own 1632 Letters on Solar Spots. | | | Scheiner was required by his ecclesiastic superiors to write under the pseudonym Appelles, to avoid possible embarrassment to the Jesuit order in the event that his findings were to prove spurious. | | | He joined the Jesuit order in 1595, and started his studies in 1601 at Ingolstadt where he later taught mathematics from 1610 to 1616. |
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http://www.hao.ucar.edu/public/education/sp/images/scheiner.html
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| Â | Scheiner, Christoph |
| | Scheiner also concluded that Venus and Mercury revolve around the Sun, but because of his religious beliefs, he did not extend this observation to the Earth. | | | Scheiner was born near Mindelheim, Bavaria, and studied at Ingolstadt, where he became professor of mathematics and Hebrew 1610. | | | Scheiner built his first telescope in 1611, one of the first properly mounted telescopes. |
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http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/S/Scheiner/1.html
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| Â | The Galileo Project |
| | Scheiner sent his three letters on sunspots, 1612, to Welser, a noted maecenas and banker to the Jesuits. | | | Scheiner's Prodromus was published after his death by Ferdinand III, to whom in was dedicated. | | | Another major patron was Archduke Charles, Bishop of Neisse, another brother of Ferdinand II, who took Scheiner with him to Neisse, but died on a trip to Spain in 1624. |
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http://galileo.rice.edu/Catalog/NewFiles/scheiner.html
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| Â | CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Christopher Scheiner |
| | Scheiner's special claim, that he was the first to make continuous observations of scientific value, cannot be disputed. | | | It appears, however, that they were first noticed by Fabricius shortly before either, and although Galileo may have observed them before Scheiner, the latter made his discovery quiet independently and also published it before him. | | | Scheiner was one of the leading astronomers of his time, and possessed to an uncommon degree the true scientific spirit. |
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http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13526a.htm
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| Â | [No title] |
| | Scheiner is generally thought to have been the first to construct and use a Keplerian telescope, with two convex lenses for an eyepiece, used visually and for projection, circa 1617 (1614 in other sources), although Schyrle de Rheita also claimed to have been first. | | | Scheiner later built a terrestrial telescope with three convex lenses for Duke Maximilian of Tirol, and is cited as the first to build an erect image telescope (McColly), although here Schyrle de Rheita is a likely predecessor. | | | Rosa Ursina is much more than a book on the sun. |
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http://www.europa.com/~telscope/solartele.txt
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| Â | The Galileo Project Library Bibliography |
| | "Christopher Clavius and the Scientific Scene in Rome" in Gregorian Reform of the Calendar: Proceedings of the Vatican Conference to Commemorate its 400th Anniversary, ed. | | | A Source Book for the Study of Thomas Harriot. | | | Homann, Frederick A. "Christopher Clavius and the Renaissance of Euclidean Geometry." Archivum Historicum Societatis Jesu, 52 (1983): 233-246. |
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http://es.rice.edu/ES/humsoc/Galileo/Resources/bibliography.html
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| Â | AllRefer.com - Christoph Scheiner (Astronomy, Biography) - Encyclopedia |
| | Scheiner made over 2,000 observations of the sun and embodied the results of his studies in Rosa ursina (1630). | | | AllRefer.com - Christoph Scheiner (Astronomy, Biography) - Encyclopedia | | | Christoph Scheiner [kris´tOf sh I n´ u r] Pronunciation Key, 1579?–1650, German astronomer and mathematician, a Jesuit priest. |
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http://reference.allrefer.com/encyclopedia/S/Scheiner.html
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| Â | Galileo Galilei |
| | A dispute over priority in the discovery of sunspots led to a long and bitter feud with Christoph Scheiner ; in fact, there can be little doubt that both of them were beaten by David Fabricius and his son Johannes. | | | And the annual variations in their motions, first noticed by Francesco Sizzi, presented great difficulties for either the geocentric system or that of Tycho Brahe. | | | He was the first to report lunar mountains, whose existence he deduced from the patterns of light and shadow on the Moon's surface. |
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http://www.sciencedaily.com/encyclopedia/galileo_galilei
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| Â | Chasing Venus: Observing the Transits of Venus 1631-2004 |
| | In this book (titled after his patron, the Duke of Orsini, whose family emblem was the rose), Scheiner shows how to view the Sun indirectly using a telescope. | | | Pointing the telescope at the Sun and letting the image shine through the eyepiece to focus on a white screen was the preferred 17th-century way of observing the Sun, including transits of Venus. | | | Scheiner, a Jesuit in Italy, was an expert at studying the Sun and a vocal opponent of Galileo. |
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http://web4.si.edu/sil/venus/venus_allBooks.cfm
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| Â | Christoph Scheiner-[ruv.net : Enzyklopädie]- |
| | Scheiner entdeckte die Sonnenflecken zeitgleich mit Galileo Galilei, interpretierte sie jedoch zunächst falsch. | | | Christof Scheiner (* 1575, † 1650) war Jesuitenpater, Optiker und Astronom in Ingolstadt und gilt als Mitentdecker der Sonnenflecken. | | | Viele Jahre später, 1631, veröffentlichte Scheiner seine Ergebnisse im Buch Rosa ursina, ein Jahr bevor Galileo seinen Dialog heraus gab, in dem auch er die Sonnenflecken erläuterte. |
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http://infopedia.ruv.net/deutsch/wikipedia/c/ch/christoph_scheiner.html
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