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| | Baruch Spinoza - definition of Baruch Spinoza in Encyclopedia |
 | | In the summer of 1656, he was excommunicated from the Jewish community for his claims that God is the mechanism of nature and the universe, and the Bible is a metaphorical and allegorical work used to teach the nature of God, both of which were based on a form of Cartesianism. | | | Known as both the "Greatest Christian" and the "Greatest Atheist", Spinoza contended that "God" and "Nature" were two names for the same reality, namely the single substance that underlies the universe and of which all lesser "entities" are actually modes or modifications. | | | Baruch Spinoza - definition of Baruch Spinoza in Encyclopedia |
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http://encyclopedia.laborlawtalk.com/Baruch_Spinoza
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| | Baruch Spinoza |
| | Spinoza's God is not the God of Abraham and Isaac, not a personal God at all, and his system provides no reason for the revelatory status of the Bible or the practice of Judaism, or of any religion, for that matter. | | | Spinoza's God is perfect, which means everything is as it must be and cannot be otherwise. | | | Like Jefferson, again, Spinoza was a kind of Unitarian, for whom the purely religious aspects of the religions were nearly meaningless. |
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http://www.friesian.com/spinoza.htm
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| | JewishEncyclopedia.com - SPINOZA, BARUCH (BENEDICT DE SPINOZA): |
| | It is clear that Spinoza had already formed a circle of friends and disciples, mainly of the Mennonite sect known as Collegiants, whoso doctrines were similar to those of the Quakers; and that he had attended a philosophical club composed mainly of these sectaries, one of whom, Simon de Vries, acted as secretary. | | | Schleiermacher expressed himself in the highest terms of Spinoza, and Novalis called the so-called "atheist" a "God-intoxicated Jew." This revival of interest in Spinoza was due possibly to the influence of Herder and Goethe, who had both given utterance to great admiration for Spinoza's life and thought. | | | On the other hand, the doctrine of the parallelism of thought and extension is original with Spinoza, and is due to his desire to evade the difficulties of the Cartesian doctrine. |
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http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=1016&letter=S
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| | Spinoza: the first modern pantheist. |
| | At first Spinoza was reviled as an atheist - and certainly, his God is not the conventional Judo-Christian God. | | | Spinoza believed that everything that exists is God. | | | And Spinoza's starting point is not nature or the cosmos, but a purely theoretical definition of God. |
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http://members.aol.com/Heraklit1/spinoza.htm
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| | Benedict De Spinoza [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy] |
| | Spinoza's comment that a person who has attained the intellectual love of God "never ceases to be" is perplexing to say the least. | | | Spinoza tells us that the model human life - the life lived by the 'free-man' — is one that is lived by the guidance of reason rather than under the sway of the passions. | | | Spinoza's contention that those who live by the guidance of reason will naturally live in harmony with one another receives some support from his view of the highest good for a human. |
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http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/s/spinoza.htm
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| | Spinoza |
| | Spinoza disavowed anthropomorphic conceptions of god as both logically and theologically unsound, proposed modern historical-critical methods for biblical interpretation, and defended political toleration of alternative religious practices. | | | Spinoza preferred the designation "Deus sive Natura" ("god or nature") as the most fitting name for this being, and he argued that the its infinite attributes account for every feature of the universe. | | | In Book I Spinoza claimed to demonstrate both the necessary existence and the unitary nature of the unique, single substance that comprises all of reality. |
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http://www.philosophypages.com/ph/spin.htm
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| | Baruch Spinoza |
| | What Spinoza intends to demonstrate (in the strongest sense of that word) is the truth about God, nature and especially ourselves; and the highest principles of society, religion and the good life. | | | But Spinoza's ultimate intention is reveal the truth about Scripture and religion, and thereby to undercut the political power exercised in modern states by religious authorities. | | | Central to Spinoza's analysis of the Jewish religion -- although it is applicable to any religion whatsoever -- is the distinction between the divine law and the ceremonial law. |
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http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/spinoza
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| | Spinoza and Late 18th/Early 19th Century Germany |
| | I cling more and more firmly to the reverence for God of the atheist [Spinoza]... | | | Spinoza’s God -- or, if you prefer, absolutely infinite substance -- would be Goethe’s guide to understanding not merely Being itself but all earthly forms or beings that we experience. | | | century German disciples, Spinoza’s philosophy came to be valued as a beloved synthesis between rationalist, atheistic materialism, on the one hand, and the celebration of the divine, on the other. |
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http://www.spinoza.net/TSNMain.htm
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| | CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Spinoza |
| | It must be shown that God's unchangeableness does not involve the necessity of all Divine action; it must be proved that the dependence of the finite upon the infinite does not demand a counter-relation in the infinite, and that there is a metaphysic world of pure possibility and universal conceptions. | | | About 1651 Spinoza, unable to see his way clearly, seems for a short time to have abandoned metaphysical studies, and to have fought a hard battle with his passions. | | | But neither the doctrine of the one and only Divine substance, nor the higher unity of "extension" and "thought" in the infinite and the finite, nor the instinct of self-preservation, is clearly expressed in it. |
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http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14217a.htm
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| | Spinoza: Unity |
| | Finally, god is perfectly free on Spinoza's definition. | | | But intuition, in which the mind deduces the structure of reality from the very essence or idea of god, is the great source of adequate ideas, the highest form of knowledge, and the ultimate guarantor of truth. | | | Drawing specific doctrines from Cartesian thought, medieval scholasticism, and the Jewish tradition, Spinoza blended everything together into a comprehensive vision of the universe as a coherent whole governed solely by the immutable laws of logical necessity. |
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http://www.philosophypages.com/hy/4h.htm
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| | Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677) - By Miles Hodges |
| | He was given the Hebrew name "Baruch," meaning "blessed," which translates into the Latin as "Benedictus." He grew up in comfort--for his father was a prosperous merchant. | | | To Spinoza this is why the principle of intellectual and spiritual tolerance was of the highest order of things. | | | Existence exists in the form of pure substance--which works out to be Spinoza's definition of God. |
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http://www.newgenevacenter.org/biography/spinoza2.htm
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| | Spinoza, Baruch. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 |
| | The universe is a single substance, capable of an infinity of attributes, but known through two of them: physical “extension” and “thought.” God is not the creator of a Nature beyond himself; God is Nature in its fullness. | | | 1964); H. Allison, Benedict de Spinoza (1975); S. Hampshire, Spinoza (1975); L. Strauss, Spinoza’s Critique of Religion (1982). | | | Whereas for Descartes mind and body are different substances, Spinoza holds that the two are different aspects of a single substance, which he called alternately God and Nature. |
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http://www.bartleby.com/65/sp/Spinoza.html
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| | Benedict de Spinoza (1632-77). |
| | As a pantheistic monist, Spinoza was of the belief that there is no dualism between God and the world; we need not go beyond the immediate present experience to seek for a being outside of it. | | | As a young man, Spinoza renounced his allegiance to his Jewish ancestry. | | | While Descartes had declared earlier that man possessed "freewill," a necessary position for any religionist to take, Spinoza "ridiculed" this notion1 and declared that the notion of freewill "is due to the fact that people are conscious of their actions, but not of the causes of their actions." In this regard Spinoza was a determinist. |
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http://www.blupete.com/Literature/Biographies/Philosophy/Spinoza.htm
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| | Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677) |
| | Not yet 24 years old, Spinoza rejected traditional interpretations of Scripture and thus deviated from Jewish orthodoxy. | | | During his lifetime Spinoza was a controversial figure, largely because his philosophical pantheism was not widely appreciated in either Jewish or Christian religious circles. | | | In 1656 he was expelled from the synagogue at Amsterdam on charges of heretical thought and practice, after which he Latinized his name to Benedict. |
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http://spinoza.mine.nu
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| | Welcome to The Spinoza Study |
| | Additions and changes to: "Spinoza Works": Added several letters written by Spinoza which were inadvertently left out. | | | Spinoza's Short Treatise On God, Man, And His Well-Being (referred to here as ST) | | | For Spinoza's Works in other languages see the following sites: |
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http://home.earthlink.net/~tneff
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| | EpistemeLinks: Website results for philosopher Baruch Spinoza |
| | Description: includes several great resources including many Spinoza texts and a useful glossary/index. | | | Description: Includes a biography, favorite quotes, and e-texts from Spinoza (in Latin, with some available through split-screen translated feature). | | | Description: Provides The Ethics, the correspondances of Spinoza, and several excerpts from secondary sources about him, as well as links and other resources. |
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http://www.epistemelinks.com/Main/Philosophers.aspx?PhilCode=Spin
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| | BBC - Radio 4 - In Our Time - Greatest Philosopher - Baruch Spinoza |
| | A humble man who made his living grinding lenses for glasses and telescopes Spinoza was the most influential supporter of Pantheism, the belief that God exists in everything. | | | His ideas had similarities to the Hindu belief of divinity in all things and people but Spinoza also drew many of his proofs from the geometrical perfection of nature, sharing with Descartes a mathematical appreciation of the universe. | | | In this he propounded the idea that free will was an illusion that would be dispelled only when man recognised that every event had a cause, one that stemmed from a "logical necessity" determined by God. |
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http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/history/inourtime/greatest_philosopher_baruch_spinoza.shtml
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| | Baruch Spinoza - Wikiquote |
| | He was a Jewish philosopher, later excommunicated from the Jewish community. | | | Benedictus de Spinoza (November 24, 1632 – February 21, 1677), was named Baruch Spinoza by his synagogue elders and known as Bento de Spinoza or Bento d'Espiñoza in his native Amsterdam. | | | Because of a change in the settings of this wiki, the "E-mail this user" function will not work anymore if you do not confirm your e-mail address |
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http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza
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| | Welcome to SpinozaWeb |
| | Baruch Spinoza Webliography at The Cooley Science Library. | | | Joseph B. Yesselman's Home Page; Spinozistic insights, calculus and dialogue. | | | Welcome to SpinozaWeb, a resource guide for Spinoza fans around the world. |
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http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Academy/4364/SpinozaWeb.html
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| | Title Page: Spinoza's Ethics / Elwes Translation |
| | his edition of the Ethics utilizes internal hypertext coding to faciilitate the logical analysis of Spinoza's reasoning; because inferences and explications can be easily scrutinized via clickable links to the definitions, axioms, postulates, and theorems of the system, I hope to have compensated, at least somwhat, for various shortcomings in the Elwes translation. | | | The plain text was scanned on a Hewlett Packard 4c flatbed scanner using OmniPage OCR software; subsequent HTML formatting was entered manually. |
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http://www.mtsu.edu/~rbombard/RB/Spinoza/ethica-front.html
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