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| | Jew - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | Jews (Hebrew: יהודים, Yehudim) are followers of Judaism or, more generally, members of the Jewish people (also known as the Jewish nation, or the Children of Israel), an ethno-religious group descended from the ancient Israelites and converts who joined their religion. | | | Jews descend mostly from the ancient Israelites (also known as Hebrews), who settled in the Land of Israel. | | | The 2,000 year dispersion of the Jewish diaspora beginning under the Roman Empire, as Jews were spread throughout the Roman world and, driven from land to land, and settled wherever they could live freely enough to practice their religion. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jew
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| | Ashkenazi Jews - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The term Ashkenazi also refers to the nusach (Hebrew, "liturgical tradition") used by Ashkenazi Jews in their Siddur (prayer book). | | | Ashkenazi Jews frequently name newborn children after deceased family members, but not after living relatives. | | | The Jews in these former Roman territories now faced new challenges as harsher anti-Jewish Church rulings were being enforced. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashkenazi
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| | Judaism |
| | Judaism is often used for the whole tradition of the religion of the Jews. | | | The central theme of Judaism, is the covenant between the Jews and God. | | | Central in the Jewish belief is that there is only one God, and that there is a special pact between God and the Jews. |
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http://i-cias.com/e.o/judaism.htm
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| | Ashkenazi |
| | For the Ashkenazi Jews the studies of Hebrew, the Torah and the Talmud was more than just a way of understanding their religion, it was also a way of protecting themselves against the influence of the societies around them. | | | The name "askhenaz" was the name that the Jews themselves used for Germany, a name taken from Genesis 10:3. | | | Ashkenazi and Sephardi tunes for both prayers and Torah reading are different. |
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http://i-cias.com/e.o/jud_ashk.htm
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| | The Jews of Kyrgyzstan |
| | Everyday life of Sephardi Jews was very much alike to that of their Moslem neighbors: they built their houses in the Uzbek style, consumed similar food and dress in similar cloths, but lived in separate communities from the local Uzbek or Persian inhabitants. | | | Local Jews used to gather for prayer in the houses of local rabbis. | | | Not much is known about the religious life of the Jews of Kyrgyzstan before the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917. |
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http://www.bh.org.il/Communities/Archive/Kyrgyzstan.asp
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| | Differences in Sephardic and Ashkenazi Jewish genealogy |
| | Today, many non-Hassidic Ashkenazis who seek to emphasize the spiritual aspect of prayer and Kavannah (principally among the Kabbalists) have also come to adopt Nusach Sepharad. | | | In the formative years of Hassidism in Eastern Europe, disciples and followers of the Baal Shem Tov and of his successor, the Maggid of Mezhirech,, formally adopted Nusach Ari as their style of prayer. | | | In this respect the significance of change of names of Abram to Abraham and Jacob to Israel in the Bible are clear examples of the importance given to names and name change implications. |
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http://www.orthohelp.com/geneal/differ.HTM
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| | Are Russian Jews Descended from the Khazars? Analyzing the Khazar Theory |
| | Some Jews from the shtetl Kurilovich, in Moldova, claim "Tartar" ancestry: "In 1923, my father, who was born in the Jewish colonies of Baron Hirsch, visited the small-town of Kurilovich, near Kishinev, between Moldavia and Bessarabia, from where their parents had come to Argentina. | | | In the early 10th century, the Jews of Kiev wrote a letter of recommendation on behalf of one of the members of their community, whose name was Yaakov bar Hanukkah. | | | In this book it was asserted that modern Ashkenazi don't come from the 'seed of Abraham' but rather are the descendants of the Khazars, who were scattered in Europe after the destruction of the khanate in the 10th century. |
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http://www.khazaria.com/khazar-diaspora.html
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| | God's Covenant People, Yesterday, Today & Forever - Chapter 4 - Mission to Israel |
| | Though many Jews are not of Semitic origin, we are the religious, spiritual, and national [but not genetic] descendants of those who first formed the early foundations of Judaism who were Semites. | | | The Sephardic is the oldest group and it is they, if any, who are the Jews described in the bible because they lived in the area described in the bible. | | | When both gave preference to that of the Jews, that king perceived that it must be the true religion. |
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http://www.missiontoisrael.org/gods-covenant-people/chapter4.php
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| | USATODAY.com - Study: Most Ashkenazi Jews from four women |
| | Behar said the four women he referred to did inherit their genetic signatures from female ancestors who lived in the Near East. | | | Those women apparently lived somewhere in Europe within the last 2,000 years, but not necessarily in the same place or even the same century, said lead author Dr. Doron Behar of the Rambam Medical Center in Haifa, Israel. | | | USATODAY.com - Study: Most Ashkenazi Jews from four women |
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http://www.usatoday.com/tech/science/genetics/2006-01-12-ashkenazi-descendants_x.htm
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| | Jewish Genetics - DNA, genes, Jews, Ashkenazi |
| | The answer is that Jews are a religion and a civilization, but not a race or singular ethnic group (the latter two definitions marginalize proselytes). | | | To the contrary, Judaism is the first religion to recognize the 'ger', the stranger who chooses to identify himself with Judaism. | | | Judaism is not rooted in race or clan or in a genetic matter but a religious tradition of choice." |
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http://www.khazaria.com/genetics/abstracts.html
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| | Aljazeera.Net - Jewish tensions boil over |
| | Feldman claims there are many more rabbis and others who sincerely practice their faith that hold similar opinions all round the world. | | | The invitation has been received coldly by The True Torah campaign and by some eminent religious scholars. | | | What you say or do is of little importance," he said. |
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http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/2943BEB3-FF4E-4436-B5E8-91C494187230.htm
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| | Ashkenazi |
| | Tribe of Judah and part of Tribe of Benjamin lived in Judaea, referred to as "jews" | | | Jacob--10 of 12 tribes named after his sons, descendants known as "Israelites". | | | 90% of the world's jews are Ashkenazi jews |
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http://christianparty.net/ashkenazi.htm
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| | Adherents.com |
| | The name Ashkenaz in the Bible (Genesis 10:3) was identified in the Middle Ages with Germany, hence Ashkenazim, 'Germans'. | | | In the 19th and early 20th centuries many of these Jews immigrated to North and South America, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. | | | Nearly 50% of Israel's Jews were born in the country. |
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http://www.adherents.com/Na/Na_36.html
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| | Mail 264 June 30 - July 6, 2003 |
| | In earlier times, the great majority of Jews were themselves farmers. | | | Male children were put in Hebrew school (cheder) starting at age two and they would continue their studies until they were winnowed out intellectually/financially. | | | Another town with 8000 Jews had one full-time rabbi and two dayyanim (judges). |
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http://www.jerrypournelle.com/archives2/archives2mail/mail264.html
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| | ScienceDaily: Stanford Research Points To Chance As Cause Of Genetic Diseases In Ashkenazi Jews |
| | It just happened that those who founded the Ashkenazi Jewish population had disease mutations and passed them along to their children. | | | For, according to a new scientific study, Jews are the genetic... | | | Instead, Risch said, these mutations were probably present in the Jews who coalesced into the Ashkenazi Jewish population 900 years ago. |
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http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2003/02/030228071643.htm
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| | Half Sigma: Ashkenazi Jews have higher IQs because of their genes |
| | Probably, the lesser people dropped out of the priest class, and wound up being shopkeepers or something else. | | | What it should say is "Ashkenazi Jews median IQ might be higher than the rest of the population because of their genes." Obviously, not all Ashkenazi have above average IQ. | | | The article in The Economist is especially well written. |
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http://www.halfsigma.com/2005/06/ashkenazi_jews_.html
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| | Ashkenazi Jews |
| | "Studies Casting New Light on Origin of Europe’s Jews." Forward. | | | Because it conflicts with the traditional Jewish dogma of the Chosen Race, which places the origin of the Ashkenazi in the Middle East, Koestler’s theory has caused some controversy regarding the rights of the Ashkenazim to Israel, if they are indeed not of Semitic origin. | | | A popular theory put forth by Arthur Koestler, who authored a book on the subject, stated that these Jews had their roots in the Turkish Empire of Khazaria, where the nobility converted to Judaism in the middle ages. |
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http://home.nc.rr.com/ambiient/site/jews.htm
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| | Some Thoughts about Jews, IQ and Nobel Laureates |
| | The hallmark of the Ashkenazic Jew is intelligence. | | | The denominator in (4) re-normalizes the distribution for Jews. | | | is the number of Jews in the U.S.; N |
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http://www.lagriffedulion.f2s.com/dialogue.htm
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| | Overclocking by Gregory Cochran |
| | Koestler and others have been fascinated with the story of the Khazars, who were converted en masse to Judaism after a contest between Muslim, Christian, and Jewish spokespersons as to which religion was best. | | | The form common in Ashkenazi Jews does not cause brain damage, although there can be other problems with the spleen and bones. | | | Cochran states, the Ashkenazi have traditionally followed the intellectual trades, it stands to reason that their culture would place a premium on study and mental training. |
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http://www.jerrypournelle.com/reports/cochran/overclocking.html
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| | VDARE.com: 06/05/05 - IQ And Disease: The Curious Case of the Ashkenazi Jews |
| | Moreover, medieval Jews were sufficiently endogamous (marrying within the ethnic group) to prevent gene flow from the gentile population, which might have diluted the effects of this selection mechanism. | | | The high average intelligence of the Ashkenazi Jews (essentially, Jews from Northern Europe whose ancestors spoke Yiddish, ancestors of the great majority of Jewish Americans) has had an enormous impact on the modern world. | | | The evolution of intelligence: The high intelligence of Ashkenazi Jews may be a result of their persecuted past. |
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http://www.vdare.com/sailer/050605_iq.htm
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| | FORWARD : Jewish Genetic Diseases |
| | world Jewry might be of Khazar and not of Semitic origin," a passage that has led some reviewers of the book to question the historical rights of Jews to Israel. | | | Studies Casting New Light On Origin of Europe's Jews | | | Koestler contended that the predecessors of Ashkenazi Jews did not originate in Palestine, but rather in Khazaria, a medieval empire populated by a people of Turkish stock whose nobility converted to Judaism. |
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http://www.forward.com/issues/2001/01.08.17/genetic2.html
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| | Are They "Jews" or Are They Really Khazars? |
| | The fact that most of those who call themselves Jews are not Jews (Rev. 2:9) and have no claim to the lands of Palestine because they have no genetic relation to Abraham, Isaac and Jacob can no longer be suppressed. | | | Are They "Jews" or Are They Really Khazars? | | | "It has even been suggested, on the basis of linguistic evidence, that the Jews of Eastern Europe were not predominantly part of the diaspora from the Middle East, but were members of another ethnic group that adopted Judaism. |
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http://www.revisionisthistory.org/khazars.html
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| | Ashkenazi Jews |
| | and Ashkenazi Jews and the split that created Christianity. | | | Poland continued for many years to be the center of the Ashkenazi Jewish world | | | The Ashkenazi custom is to position the mezuzah at a It's the original Jewish billboard. |
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http://www.aish.com/articles/jews/ashkenazi-jews.asp
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| | Q & A for Estimating Cancer Risk in Ashkenazi Jews |
| | These families were not known to be related. | | | The study was conducted in the Washington, D.C. Ashkenazi Jewish population (Jews from eastern or central Europe). | | | In particular, three alterations were initially identified in Ashkenazi families with hereditary breast cancer and later were found in an unusually high percentage of the general Jewish population. |
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http://rex.nci.nih.gov/massmedia/backgrounders/ashkenazi.html
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| | Ashkenazi Jewish Genetic Diseases |
| | Canavan Disease is very similar to Tay-Sachs Disease, with normal development until age two to four months, followed by progressive loss of previously attained skills.Most individuals with Canavan Disease die by the age of five.An estimated 1 in 40 Ashkenazi Jews is a carrier for this disease. | | | Niemann-Pick Disease — Type A is a disease in which a harmful amount of a fatty substance accumulates in different parts of the body.Failure to thrive and a progressive neurodegenerative course lead to death by three years of age.The carrier rate in the Ashkenazi Jewish population is approximately 1 in 90. | | | Fanconi anemia — Type C is a disease associated with short stature, bone marrow failure and a predisposition to leukemia and other cancers.Some children may have learning difficulties or mental retardation.Approximately 1 in 89 Ashkenazi Jews is a carrier for this condition. |
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http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Health/genetics.html
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