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| | Libya Hafsids - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, ... |
 | | The founder of the Almohad (literally, "one who proclaims" the oneness of God) movement was a member of the Sunni ulama (see Glossary), Ibn Tumart (d. | | | At the eastern end of the Almohad empire, the sultan left an autonomous viceroy whose office became hereditary in the line of Muhammad bin Abu Hafs (reigned 1207-21), a descendant of one of Ibn Tumart's companions. | | | The Hafsids' political support and their realm's economy were rooted in coastal towns like Tripoli, while the hinterland was given up to the tribes that had made their nominal submission to the sultan. |
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http://workmall.com/wfb2001/libya/libya_history_hafsids.html
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| | Glossary of Terms |
| | Almohads, Arabic AL-MUWAHHIDUN (Those Who Affirm the Unity of God), a Berber confederation that created an Islamic empire in North Africa and Spain (1130-1269), founded on the religious teachings of Ibn Tumart (d. | | | Neither did the movement for a return to traditionalist Islam survive; both the mystical movement of the Sufis and the philosophical schools represented by Ibn Tufayl and Averroës (Ibn Rushd) flourished under the Almohad kings. | | | Almoravid domains in Andalusia, however, were left virtually intact until the caliph Abu Ya'qub Yusuf (reigned 1163-84) forced the surrender of Seville in 1172; the extension of Almohad rule over the rest of Islamic Spain followed. |
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http://www.geocities.com/~spiritsbreath/iberia/glossary.html
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| | THE ALMOHAD INVASION |
| | Thus, the Christian frontier appeared to be in the process of fragmentation at the very time the Almohads were bringing unity to Islamic Spain. | | | Previously to the battle of Caracuel, and under Abú Yacqub Yusuf I, the Muslim Caliph who had just crossed over from North Africa, Almohads led an assault on King Lobo's Murcia in the spring of 1172, and with the death of Lobo accepted the surrender of Murcia. | | | King Alfonso VIII's Castile and the turncoat Muslim prince Ibn-Mardanìsh of Murcia (known to Christians as King Lobo) seemed to rank as the Almohad priority targets, followed by pressure on the Tajo Valley to drive the Christian kings back into the Trans-Duero. |
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http://es.geocities.com/endovelico2001/med/almohad.html
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| | Abd al-Mumin Biography / Biography of Abd al-Mumin Biography Biography |
| | In the opinion of some scholars, Abd al-Mumin ultimately compromised, if not betrayed, the religious principles of the Almohad movement by securing the succession to the caliphate for his son, thus establishing a dynasty based on heredity rather than piety. | | | Nevertheless, it cannot be denied that Abd al-Mumin deserves equal credit with Ibn Tumart as a founder of the movement which dominated political and religious life in the Moslem West until the early 13th century. | | | About 1117, while on a visit to Bougie seeking to further his knowledge, Abd al-Mumin became a student and disciple of lbn Tumart, the founder of the Almohad reform movement. |
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http://www.bookrags.com/biography-abd-al-mumin/index.html
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| | Ibn Rushd ( Averroës ) |
| | He wrote the Decisive Treatise on the Agreement Between Religious Law and Philosophy (Fasl), Examination of the Methods of Proof Concerning the Doctrines of Religion (Manahij), and The Incoherence of the Incoherence (Tahafut) at-Tahafut, all in defense of the philosophical study of religion against the theologians (1179-80). | | | Thoroughly versed in the traditional Muslim sciences (especially exegesis of the Qur`an--Islamic scripture--and Hadith, or Traditions, and fiqh, or Law), trained in medicine, and accomplished in philosophy, Averroës rose to be chief qadi (judge) of Cordoba (Qurtubah), an office also held by his grandfather (of the same name) under the Almoravids (al-Murabitun). | | | 1198, Marrakech, Almohad Empire), influential Islamic religious philosopher who integrated Islamic traditions and Greek thought. |
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http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/ir/art/ir-eb.htm
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| | Knowledge Base: A History of Russia (Chapters 10-11) |
| | Not a single Almohad survived and Russia claimed the province without a castle assault. | | | Arbalester quarrels reduced the Ghazis by half, and they were then met by a full spear company—stopping their attack in its tracks and forcing them into a melee. | | | The Almohads had 736 men there and lost 685 of them. |
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http://www.twcenter.net/articles/link.php?id=45
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| | Islam |
| | Eventually the Almohads ended both regimes and unified North Africa again. | | | Some of the most important Islâmic and Jewish philosophers of the Middle Ages lived during the Almohad period. | | | They ended up getting overwhelmed by a new religious movement, less conservative, the Almohads. |
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http://www.friesian.com/islam.htm
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| | Welcome to My Medieval : Total War Page |
| | Intolerance is the policy of the state and the Church in Spanish lands, a means of securing loyalty through fear as well as faith. | | | The defence of Christian Spain has become a holy cause, as the Spanish see themselves as the defenders of Christendom in the west. | | | Coming from a desert people, the Berber tribesmen of the Almohad dynasty conquered North Africa and then took Spain from its Islamic princes while supposedly helping them. |
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http://www.angelfire.com/games4/mtw/factions.html
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| | Saudi Aramco World : Doctor, Philosopher, Renaissance Man |
| | It was this book, with its idea that society is perfectible and its discussion of how society can and should be changed, that worried some secular rulers no less than the Muslim 'ulama and the Catholic theologians, all of whom were inclined to see the order of the world as preordained and immutable. | | | After another visit to Marrakech, Ibn Rushd was appointed qadi of Córdoba in 1180 and personal physician to Sultan Abu Ya'qub Yusuf at the Almohad's new capital in Seville. | | | (Indeed, versions of it were still appearing on medical school reading lists around Europe as recently as 100 years ago.) In 1168, his teacher Ibn Tufayl, a scholar of Aristotle and follower of Ibn Sina (known in the West as Avicenna), introduced Ibn Rushd to the new Almohad ruler, Abu Ya'qub Yusuf. |
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http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/200303/doctor.philosopher.renaissance.man.htm
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| | meet2 |
| | Maghrebi Jewry emerged from Almohad period spiritually and numerically impoverished. | | | NA Jewry was just emerging from a traumatic century of Almohad rule when Mamluk were coming to power in Egypt. | | | Ezra (1092-1167), in a celebrated lament, summing up the suffering of the Jews of NA - events referred to took place during struggles between Almoravid dynasty and the supplanting Almohads. |
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http://www.u.arizona.edu/~shaked/Tunisia/meet2.html
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| | 1087. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History |
| | The dynasty was founded by the Almohad governors of Tunis, who broke away when the caliph Abd al-Ma'mun renounced (1228) the religious doctrines of Ibn Tumart, the original leader of the Almohad movement. | | | After fleeing to the mountains of Morocco, he allied himself with Abu Hafs Umar, a leader within the Hintata tribal confederation. | | | Fez was captured in 1248 and became the Marinid capital; expanded and partly rebuilt, it thrived as a center of religion and commerce. |
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http://www.bartleby.com/67/322.html
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| | Saudi Aramco World : The Giralda |
| | The author, Ibn Sahib al-Sala, was in the service of Almohad caliph Abu Ya'qub Yusuf and witnessed many of the events he describes. | | | The complexity of the image makes it a fitting symbol of a city where classical, Christian and Muslim cultures met and merged. | | | The Kutubiyyah minaret predates that of Seville, and Ahmad ibn Basu and his colleagues obviously had it in mind when constructing the Giralda. |
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http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/199401/the.giralda.htm
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| | Ibn Rushd [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy] |
| | Ibn Talmart's theology affirmed that the existence and essence of God could be established through reason alone, and used that to posit an ethical legal theory that depended on a divine transcendence. | | | Founded in the theology of Ibn Tumart (1078-1139), who emphasized divine unity and the idea of divine promise and threat, he believed that a positive system of law could co-exist with a rational and practical theology. | | | Ibn Rushd's relationship with the Almohad was not merely opportunistic, (considering the support his father and grandfather had given to the Almoravids) for it influenced his work significantly; notably his ability to unite philosophy and religion. |
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http://www.iep.utm.edu/i/ibnrushd.htm
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| | Paradox Interactive Forums - - ARCHIVE - Sultanate Court of the Zayyanid Caliphate [Algeria] |
| | Akbe Mohammed drove his troops, onboard the ships of Almohad Tunisia, towards Rhodes and Aragon and after 3 years of battle, Rhodes overthrew their Grandmaster and made amends, while Aragon, having 75% of their land occupied, ceded the Balares to Algeria and opened the Holy Lands up to the Moslem faith. | | | Based on a Zenata tribe, the Bani Abd el Wad, which had been settled in the region by Abd al Mumin, the Zayanids quickly established supremacy due to their natural strength, good looks, faith in Allah, and rightiousness in their claim on the Almohad throne. | | | Concerning the Algerian mainland: the merchants of the Union shall be allowed to travel freely, under the protection of the King of Algiers. |
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http://www.europa-universalis.com/forum/showthread.php?s=17a5c02084eafe3340f4c71703da3f48&t=123246
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| | Paradox Interactive Forums - Sultanate Court of Tunisia in Tunis |
| | What you know as Al Djazair and the former lands of Morroco and Fez come under the description of true Almohad empire, and whilst the Hafsid dynasty is indeed descended from the Almohads of Iberia, we are no longer under the duresdiction of the Algerians. | | | And If the Sultan do not accept the propose I made. | | | "You fail to see, sir, that I am doing a more than adequate job of protecting the island from 'outside threats' myself, and do not require the intervention of 'crusaders' to do this for me. You also seem to misunderstand the Almohad empire. |
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http://www.europa-universalis.com/forum/showthread.php?t=189314&page=2
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| | Abd al-Mu'min -- Encyclopædia Britannica |
| | in full 'Abd al-Mu'min ibn 'Ali Berber caliph of the Almohad dynasty (reigned 1130–63), who conquered the North African Maghrib from the Almoravids andbrought all the Berbers under one rule. | | | Berber confederation that created an Islamic empire in North Africa and Spain (1130–1269), founded on the religious teachings of Ibn Tumart (died 1130). | | | To the traditional clan organization of the Masmudah and other Berber peoples supporting the Almohads he added an organization to promote the spread of Almohad doctrine and a central administration (the makhzan) modeled on those of Muslim Spain, which was staffed... |
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http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9003266?tocId=9003266
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| | Countries of the World: Morocco: Chapter 1B. Almohads@ HighBeam Research |
| | The Masmoudas of the Anti-Atlas area expressed their discontent with Almoravid rule in a new religious reform movement whose followers, known as unitarians (al muahhid; literally, those who proclaim the oneness of God, transliterated Almohad), preached a doctrine of moral regeneration through reaffirmation of monotheism. | | | Although it appeared to be a sectarian struggle, Almohad opposition to the Almoravids was the result of long-standing animosity between the mountain tribes and the desert nomads. |
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http://www.highbeam.com/library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1P1:28385471&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf
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| | Encyclopedia: Yaqub, Almohad Caliph |
| | The Almohad Dynasty (From Arabic &; al-Muwahhidun, i. | | | People who viewed "Yaqub, Almohad Caliph" also viewed: | | | Alfonso VI (before June 1040 - July 1, 1109), nicknamed the Brave, was king of León from 1065 to 1109 and king of Castile since 1072 after his brothers death. |
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http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Yaqub,-Almohad-Caliph
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| | MSN Encarta - Search Results - Almohad |
| | Almohads (Arabic al-muwahhid, “those who proclaim the unity of God”), Berber Muslim reform movement and dynasty established in North Africa and... | | | Merinids, also known as the Beni Merin, a Berber dynasty that reigned in Morocco from the 13th to 16th centuries. | | | A second conservative Muslim movement from North Africa, the Almohads, entered Spain and attacked the Almoravids. |
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http://encarta.msn.com/Almohad.html
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| | Averroes - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | His father, Abu Al-Qasim Ahmad, held the same position until the coming of the Almohad dynasty in 1146. | | | In modern Tamazight (the language of the Almohad kings) it would be Muḥemmed mmis n Ḥmed mmis n Muḥemmed mmis n Ḥmed mmis n Rucd. | | | It was Ibn Tufail ("" to the West), the philosophic vizier of Yusef al-Mansur, who introduced Averroes to the court and to Avenzoar (Ibn Zuhr), the great Muslim physician; both men became friends. |
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http://www.hackettstown.us/project/wikipedia/index.php/Averroes
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| | villa and cottage rentals in Andalucia Spain rural tourism holiday homes |
| | Other mosques were larger and more prominent, but this one was the Mosque of the Converts, the place where generations of Christians had given up the faith of their forefathers and become Muslims. | | | If we walk up the hill to view it from the other side, we see one of Granada's most priceless antiquities: the old minaret which serves as the bell tower, made under the Almohad dynasty in the 12th century. |
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http://www.vivagranada.com/albaicin/sanjuanreyes.htm
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| | The Friday Mosque, Tinmal, Morocco — ElsewhereOnline.com.au |
| | The Almohads promulgated a particularly rigorous form of Islam, and it is they who finally established the faith throughout the Maghrib. | | | These inflect otherwise austere, fortress-like buildings which signify the marshal zeal of these 'warriors of the faith'. | | | Formerly, Morocco and much of Iberia had been controlled by the Almoravids (Murâbitûn), a dynasty established by Ibn Yasin, a Berber preacher who had promulgated a rigorous form of Islam among the Sanhaja of the Sahara (1030s-1070). |
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http://www.elsewhereonline.com.au/worldres/countries/spain/essayfridaymosque
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| | Itinerario III. Rabat, Casablanca y alrededores. El Legado Andalusí |
| | The route of the Almohads uniting Marrakech would once have headed towards two ports, Tit (present-day Mulay Abdallah south of El Jadida) and Azemmour, both of which became religious pilgrimage sites from the twelfth century. | | | Unlike other places of worship in Morocco, the Hassan II Mosque is open to non-Muslim visitors. | | | Heading north-eastwards from Marrakech, the traveller must first cross the 27-arched bridge which, although originally of Almoravid construction, was rebuilt by the Almohads in the twelfth century. |
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http://www.legadoandalusi.es/itinerarios/it3/eng/circuitos3.htm
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| | Destiny |
| | The qadis were the most learned of men, intimate with the details of religious law, the sharia and the hadith, but also with the traditions of secular learning (including natural philosophy and medicine) that stretched back to the times of the ancient Greeks, preserved for centuries by Arab scholars. | | | Sometime after 1153, Averroës became closely associated with the noted Arab scholar and physician Ibn-Tufail, who introduced him to the Almohad Caliph of Marrakesh, in present-day Morocco. | | | After 1182 he was also personal physician to the Caliph, and traveled frequently from Cordoba to Marrakesh. |
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http://spot.pcc.edu/~mdembrow/destiny.htm
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| | Kingdoms of North Africa - Morocco |
| | The Almohads very quickly took much of Algeria, Mauritania, and Tunisia into their realm, while also controlling all of Islamic Spain. | | | By the early 13th century, the Christian kingdoms had made large in-roads into the Islamic territories, and the Almohads soon lost most of Spain, abandoned the peninsula, and then were even overthrown in North Africa. | | | North Africa separated from Byzantium by the Islamic Empire. |
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http://www.kessler-web.co.uk/History/KingListsAfrica/AfricaMorocco.htm
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| | Knowledge Base: The Almohads |
| | 1172: The Almohad caliph Abu Yaqub Yusuf forces Sevilla to surrender. | | | While large parts of their theology was rather unclear, one principle stood out: Tawhid, the uniqueness of God. | | | This was the end of the Almohad empire. |
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http://www.twcenter.net/articles/link.php?id=17
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| | CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Seville |
| | The lost Mozarabic bishop was Clement, elected two years before the invasion of the Almohades (1144). | | | The cathedral originated in the great mosque which was the work of the emirs who built the Aljama mosque, rebuilt in 1171 by the Almohad emir, Yusuf-ben Yacub. | | | The succession of the bishops of Seville continued after the Mohammedan conquest, Nonnitus being elected on the death of Oppas. |
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http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13744a.htm
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| | MuslimHeritage.com - Topics |
| | It was strategically placed on the plain of the Tensift River, just within the arc of the Atlas Mountains at the convergence of two major routes across the mountains. | | | Even when the capital was later in Seville the city was the centre of the Almohad community with its scholars and military. | | | One of the greatest accomplishments of Almohad rule was the Marrakech hospital, also called the Bimaristan of Amir al-Muminin al-Mansur Abu Yusuf. |
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http://www.muslimheritage.com/topics/default.cfm?ArticleID=433
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| | Spain : Traveler's Guide to Art & Architecture : Architecture Frommers.com |
| | The early Caliphate style of Córdoba lasted from the 8th to the 11th century, replaced when the Caliphate fell by the simpler, more austerely religious Almohad style in Seville in the 12th and 13th centuries. | | | The Moors brought with them an Arabic architectural style that changed over the centuries but kept many features that give their remaining buildings, especially in Andalusia, a distinctly Eastern flair. | | | Although horseshoe arches were still used during the Almohad period, they were often replaced by narrow pointy ones. |
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http://www.frommers.com/destinations/spain/0242026568.html
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| | Two unpublished Almohad Coins as-Sikka 3.1 Summer 2001AD |
| | In 552H, an Almohad army commanded by Sayyid Abu Ya’qub took possession of the domains of Ibn Wazir including Silves. | | | Ibn Qasi recognized the Almohads, but without renouncing his independence[2]. | | | It is from this period that we must date the coins struck to the qirat module with the same inscriptions of the Almohad dirhams, published by Rodrigues Marinho[3]. |
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http://www.islamiccoinsgroup.50g.com/assikka31/Almohad.htm
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| | Hassan Al Wazzan aka Leo Africanus |
| | This was how Ibn Zaraa presented the final days of the Almohad dynasty and the not so subtle message for reform delivered to the Moroccan nation by the Beni Merin. | | | The author Ibn Zaraa in his book "Al Qirtas" described the uprising of the Merinids against the Almohad dynasty in these terms: | | | By neglecting their subjects, he noted that they had lost the esteem that would otherwise have been their due. |
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http://www.said-hajji.com/en/book-leo.html
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| | Alfonso VIII |
| | In the same year the kings of Leon and Navarre invaded Castile, but Alfonso defeated them with the aid of King Peter II of Aragon. | | | From 1172 to 1212 he was engaged in resistance to the Moorish Almohad invaders, who defeated him in 1195. | | | Throughout his reign he maintained a close alliance with the kingdom of Aragon, and in 1179 he concluded the Pact of Cazorla, which settled the future line of demarcation between Castile and Aragon when the reconquest of Moorish Spain was completed. |
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http://gallery.euroweb.hu/tours/spain/alfonso8.html
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| | Reader's Companion to Military History - - Las Navas de Tolosa, Battle of |
| | A Muslim retreat quickly became a rout, and the Almohad leader, Muhammad an-Nasir, fled toward Jaén that same night. | | | It was at this point that Alfonso VIII advanced and the kings of Aragón and Navarre converged from the flanks. | | | Initially the Almohad vanguard had to retreat, but when the bulk of its army entered the battle, it seemed as if the Christians would be defeated. |
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http://college.hmco.com/history/readerscomp/mil/html/mh_028500_lasnavasdeto.htm
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| | 01 - Alcázar Palace |
| | A garden that looks like a Persian wonder". | | | All that remains of the Almohad palace is a section of wall and a cross-axially-planned garden, but the rebuilt palace's plan, gardens, and decorative programme place it squarely within the tradition of Islamic palaces on the Iberian Peninsula. | | | The Alcázar of Seville was constructed during the 12th century Almohad reign, but was rebuilt in 1364 for the Christian ruler Pedro I ("The Cruel"). |
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http://derze.med.br/andalusia/seville/alb_01/pages/001_jpg.htm
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| | Almohad Directory |
| | Home : Society : Religion and Spirituality : Islam : History : Dynasties and Empires : Almohad | | | Profile and timeline of the Muslim Berber movement who replaced the Almoravids, and became the leading political power in North Africa and Spain in the 12th and 13th century. | | | Profile of the Berber dynasty that ousted the Almoravids, and ruled Morocco and Spain in the 12th and 13th centuries; includes their origins, and links to rulers. |
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http://www.needlawyers.com/directory/index.php?c=Society/Religion_and_Spirituality/Islam/History/Dynasties_and_Empires/Almohad
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| | Almohad Caliph : Almohad Caliph |
| | While large parts of their theology were unclear, one principle stood out: Tawhid, the uniqueness of God. | | | This elite came from the founders of the Almohads, and was continued by their descendants. | | | Through their 122 years of forming an empire, the Almohads were based upon a ruling elite, coming from the Masmuda tribe. |
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http://almohad-caliph.wikix.ipupdater.com
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| | MAIMONIDES, MOSES (Biography) |
| | Maimonides was born in Cordoba, Spain, but left with his family in the wake of the Almohad conquest and subsequent religious persecution. | | | They remained in Acre for some five months, making a tour of the Holy Land that included Jerusalem and the Cave of the Machpelah in Hebron, and then left for Egypt. | | | After years of wandering from place to place, they settled in Fez in 1160. |
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http://www.thirteen.org/heritagedvd/ej_1.html
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| | New Page 1 |
| | Near the end of the (Almohad) rule, the Almohad lords handed over many of their strongholds to the abominable (Christian ruler), in order to gain his support for their attempts to capture the capital city of Marrakech. | | | This situation came about as follows: When the Spaniards were no longer ruled by the Arab dynasty (of the Umayyads) and the Lamtanah and Almohad Berbers became their rulers, they detested this domination. | | | Ibn al-Ahmar then sought support against the abominable (Christian ruler) from Zanatah chieftains who came to him from across the sea. |
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http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/ik/Muqaddimah/Chapter3/Ch_3_09.htm
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| | Crypto-Judaism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The father of Maimonides, for example, is purported to have nominally embraced Islam during the Almohad persecutions of Muslim Spain in 1146. | | | The phenomenon of crypto-Judaism, however, dates back to earlier times as Jews forced or pressured to convert by their sovereign hosts secretly kept Jewish rites. | | | Small communities of crypto-Jews are still said to exist, allegedly still maintaining their hidden traditions, in the Balearic Islands, in Portugal, northeastern Brazil, and throughout Spain. |
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http://www.lexington-fayette.us/project/wikipedia/index.php/Crypto-Judaism
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| | WHKMLA : History of Spain : the Taifa Kingdoms |
| | This time it was the ALMOHADS who came to the rescue. | | | The Almohads reunified Muslim Spain (of the 20 Taifa Emirates, only Mallorca remained independent) and they regained ground from the christian kingdoms. | | | Cordoba fell in 1236, Valencia in 1238, Sevilla in 1248, Cadiz in 1262, Murcia in 1266. |
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http://www.zum.de/whkmla/region/spain/taifas.html
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| | Salir |
| | Salir is an Almohad fortress on the Algarve, Portugal, 16 km north of the Town of Loulé. | | | The fortress is built from poured concrete, a technique that was frequently used by the Almohads. |
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http://www.toshare.info/en/Salir.htm
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