Samaritan Hebrew<

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Encyclopedia: <bb>>Samaritanb>bb>> alphabet

It is used by the Samaritans for religious writings, including their (slightly different) version of the Pentateuch, in their dialect of Hebrew and commentaries and translations in <bb>>Samaritanb>bb>> Aramaic and even Arabic.
The <bb>>Samaritanb>bb>> alphabet is a direct descendant of the paleo-Hebrew variety of the Phoenician alphabet, the more commonly known Hebrew alphabet having been adapted from the Aramaic alphabet under the Persian Empire.
The <bb>>Samaritanb>bb>> alphabet was derived from the Old Hebrew alphabet by the Samaritans.

http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Samaritan-alphabet (321 words)



<bb>>Samaritanb>bb>> -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia

The importance of the recension known as the <bb>>Samaritanb>bb>> Pentateuch lies in the fact that it constitutes an independent Hebrew witness to the text written in a late and developed form of the paleo-Hebrew script.
Samaritans trace their roots to those Jews not dispersed when the Assyrians conquered Israel in the 8th century BCE.
The Samaritans call themselves Bene-Yisrael (“Children of Israel&;), or Shamerim (“Observant Ones”), for their sole norm of religious observance is the Pentateuch (first...

http://www.britannica.com/ebi/article-9313370 (706 words)



CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: <bb>>Samaritanb>bb>> Language and Literature

The original language of the Samaritans was the vernacular of Palestine, that is Hebrew.
Some maintain the opinion that the Samaritans became acquainted with the Pentateuch through the Jews who were left in the country, or through the priest mentioned in IV Kings, xvii, 28.
The most celebrated of the manuscripts of the <bb>>Samaritanb>bb>> Pentateuch is that in the synagogue at Nablus.

http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13417a.htm (4055 words)



<bb>>Samaritanb>bb>> Pentateuch (WebBible Encyclopedia) - ChristianAnswers.Net

The form of the letters in the manuscript copies of the <bb>>Samaritanb>bb>> Pentateuch is different from that of the Hebrew copies, and is probably the same as that which was in general use before the Captivity.
On the return from the Exile, the Jews refused the Samaritans participation with them in the worship at Jerusalem, and the latter separated from all fellowship with them, and built a temple for themselves on Mount Gerizim.
The division into five books, as we now have it, however, was adopted by the Samaritans, as it was by the Jews, in all their priests' copies of "the Law," for the sake of convenience.

http://christiananswers.net/dictionary/samaritanpentateuch.html (310 words)



Hebrew language, alphabet and pronunciation

Ancient Berber, Arabic, Dhives Akuru, Hebrew, Mandaic, Middle Persian, Nabataean, Parthian, Phoenician, Proto-Hebrew, Psalter, Sabaean, <bb>>Samaritanb>bb>>, South Arabian, Syriac, Tifinagh, Ugaritic
In the late 19th and early 20th century the Zionist movement brought about the revivial of Hebrew as a widely-used spoken language, and it became the official languge of Israel in 1948.
Academy of the Hebrew Language / האקדמיה ללשון העברית

http://www.omniglot.com/writing/hebrew.htm (557 words)



Hebrew Language

The Hebrew alphabet is either of two distinct Semitic alphabets - the Early Hebrew and the Classical, or Square, Hebrew.
Early Hebrew was the alphabet used by the Jewish nation in the period before the Babylonian Exile--i.e., prior to the 6th century BC--although some inscriptions in this alphabet may be of a later date.
The Early Hebrew alphabet, like the modern Hebrew variety, had 22 letters, with only consonants represented, and was written from right to left; but the early alphabet is more closely related in letter form to the Phoenician than to the modern Hebrew.

http://www.crystalinks.com/hebrew.html (849 words)



Hebrew

Mishnaic Hebrew language The Mishnaic Hebrew language or Rabbinic Hebrew language is the ancient descendant of <bb>>Samaritanb>bb>>...
<bb>>Samaritanb>bb>> Hebrew language The <bb>>Samaritanb>bb>> Hebrew language is a descendant of <bb>>Samaritanb>bb>> sect.
Yemenite Hebrew language The Yemenite Hebrew language or Temani Hebrew language is a descendant of Arabic.

http://www.brainyencyclopedia.com/topics/hebrew.html (849 words)



Hebrew

Mishnaic Hebrew language The Mishnaic Hebrew language or Rabbinic Hebrew language is the ancient descendant of <bb>>Samaritanb>bb>>...
<bb>>Samaritanb>bb>> Hebrew language The <bb>>Samaritanb>bb>> Hebrew language is a descendant of <bb>>Samaritanb>bb>> sect.
Yemenite Hebrew language The Yemenite Hebrew language or Temani Hebrew language is a descendant of Arabic.

http://www.brainyencyclopedia.com/topics/hebrew.html (849 words)



<bb>>Samaritanb>bb>> Hebrew language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The <bb>>Samaritanb>bb>> Hebrew language is a descendant of Biblical Hebrew as pronounced and written by the Samaritans.
It is written in the <bb>>Samaritanb>bb>> alphabet, a direct descendant of the Paleo-Hebrew alphabet (itself a variation on the Phoenician alphabet), whereas all other varieties of Hebrew are written in the later Hebrew alphabet, a variation on the Aramaic alphabet.
The <bb>>Samaritanb>bb>> pronunciation of Hebrew differs in several respects from most others.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samaritan_Hebrew (461 words)



<bb>>Samaritanb>bb>> alphabet - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The <bb>>Samaritanb>bb>> alphabet is a direct descendant of the paleo-Hebrew variety of the Phoenician alphabet, the more commonly known Hebrew alphabet having been adapted from the Aramaic alphabet under the Persian Empire.
It is used by them for writings in their dialect of Hebrew and also for commentaries and translations in <bb>>Samaritanb>bb>> Aramaic and even Arabic.
The Tetragrammaton was often still written in this script for some time after the current Hebrew alphabet was adopted among the Jews.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samaritan_alphabet (156 words)



HEBREW ALPHABET FACTS AND INFORMATION

The Hebrew alphabet was in origin an abjad, in other words it had letters for consonants only, but means were later devised to indicate vowels, first by using consonant letters as matres_lectionis, later by separate vowel points or nikud.
The number of letters in the Hebrew alphabet, their order, their names, and their phonetic values are virtually identical to those of the Aramaic_alphabet, as both Hebrews and Arameans borrowed the Phoenician_alphabet for their uses during the end of the 2nd_millennium_BC.
The Hebrew alphabet is an abjad: vowels are normally not indicated.

http://www.whereintheworldisbush.com/Hebrew_alphabet (1407 words)



The Unique Experience of the <bb>>Samaritanb>bb>> Passover

The <bb>>Samaritanb>bb>> Hebrew Bible uses the same alphabet which the original Bible was written in.
For me, it was many years ago when I was invited to attend the <bb>>Samaritanb>bb>> Passover feast on Mount Grizim, overlooking Nablus.
He spoke perfect Biblical Hebrew, the type of Hebrew you hear in Bible class at school but definitely not the modern Hebrew that you hear on the streets of Israel's cities.

http://www.sympatya.co.il/passovr6.htm (477 words)



<bb>>Samaritanb>bb>> Pentateuch - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The form of the letters in the manuscript copies of the <bb>>Samaritanb>bb>> Pentateuch, called the <bb>>Samaritanb>bb>> alphabet, is different from that of the Hebrew copies, and is probably the same as that which was in general use before the Babylonian captivity.
<bb>>Samaritanb>bb>> Pentateuch - On the return from the Exile, the Jews refused the Samaritans' participation with them in the worship at Jerusalem, and the latter separated from all fellowship with them, and built a temple for themselves on Mount Gerizim.
For example, Exodus 12:40 in the <bb>>Samaritanb>bb>> and the LXX reads, "Now the sojourning of the children of Israel and of their fathers which they had dwelt in the land of Canaan and in Egypt was four hundred and thirty years".

http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samaritan_Pentateuch (386 words)



Phoenician_alphabet

The <bb>>Samaritanb>bb>> alphabet, used by the Samaritans, is a version of the Paleo-Hebrew alphabet.
It later split off into a number of related alphabets, including the modern Hebrew alphabet, the Syriac alphabet, and the Nabatean alphabet, a highly cursive form that was the origin of the Arabic alphabet.
Modern alphabets thought to have descended from the Phoenician include Hebrew, Arabic, Greek, Latin (via the Old Italic alphabet), and Cyrillic.

http://language.school-explorer.com/info/Phoenician_alphabet (566 words)



Version Descriptions

Properly speaking, the <bb>>Samaritanb>bb>> Pentateuch is not a translation or version, but an independent Hebrew text written in a modified form of the old Semitic alphabet and transmitted independently since the days of the <bb>>Samaritanb>bb>> schism.
The <bb>>Samaritanb>bb>> Pentateuch differs from the Hebrew Masoretic text in about 6,000 instances, but the vast majority of the differences are of trifling import, many of them being simply variations in spelling and grammar.
Some of the important variations, which reflect <bb>>Samaritanb>bb>> ideals of religion and ritual, were doubtless introduced by the Samaritans to advance their views.

http://www.nisbett.com/versions/bible03.htm (8995 words)



Forever Settled Part One : A Survey of Old Testament Documents

The <bb>>Samaritanb>bb>> Pentateuch is not really a translation into a different language, but a direct descendant of the original Hebrew Scriptures in the same language and written in the suite characters, though as Kenyon says, "in a somewhat degenerate form." Thus more accurately it is the Hebrew Pentateuch of the Samaritans.
Unger, however, says that the Arabic was influenced by Hebrew and <bb>>Samaritanb>bb>> texts; that the Armenian may have come from the Syriac, and that the Armenian and Greek formed the basis of the Georgian version.
The Samaritans emphasized the importance of Shechem and Mount Gerizim and declared that God had chosen them to be the center of the nation.

http://www.biblebelievers.net/BibleVersions/kjcforv2.htm (14075 words)



IBSS - The Bible - Old Testament: <bb>>Samaritanb>bb>> Pentateuch

The <bb>>Samaritanb>bb>> Pentateuch (SP), is an important witness to the Hebrew text.
IBSS - The Bible - Old Testament: <bb>>Samaritanb>bb>> Pentateuch
It is preserved in ancient Hebrew called "paleo-Hebrew," whereas the Masoretic Text (MT) is in Aramaic block script.

http://www.bibleandscience.com/bible/sources/samaritan.htm (119 words)



Some remarks preliminary to a biblical chronology

This is because the <bb>>Samaritanb>bb>> Pentateuch is in Hebrew and therefore attests to the existence of chronologically variant Hebrew manuscripts.
the name ‘Cainan’ between Arphaxad and Shelah which is not in the Masoretic Text or <bb>>Samaritanb>bb>> Pentateuch of Genesis 11, though it is in the Septuagint of Genesis 11.
This is because, as a broad generalisation, the <bb>>Samaritanb>bb>> Pentateuch and the Septuagint may be visualised as two sub-branches from one branch of the textual tree, while the Masoretic Text is the other branch.

http://www.answersingenesis.org/Home/Area/magazines/tj/docs/tjv12n1_chronology.asp (7950 words)



Hebrew

Mishnaic Hebrew language The Mishnaic Hebrew language or Rabbinic Hebrew language is the ancient descendant of <bb>>Samaritanb>bb>>...
Yemenite Hebrew language The Yemenite Hebrew language or Temani Hebrew language is a descendant of Arabic.
Sephardi Hebrew language The Sephardi Hebrew language is a descendant of Arabic.

http://www.brainyencyclopedia.com/topics/hebrew.html (7950 words)



Abjad writing systems

Formerly, Hebrew had been written using an alphabet closer in form to that of Phoenician alphabet (the Paleo-Hebrew alphabet).
The Hebrew alphabet and Nabataean alphabet alphabets are little changed in style from the Aramaic alphabet.
The use of Aramaic as a lingua franca throughout the Middle East from the 8th century BC led to the gradual adoption of the Aramaic alphabet for writing Hebrew language.

http://read-and-go.hopto.org/Abjad-writing-systems (259 words)



Chronological Chart of the Alphabet and Where Writing Came From?

The most trustworthy, is the Masoretic Hebrew text of the eighth and ninth century A.D. Second is the Greek Septuagint and third is the <bb>>Samaritanb>bb>> Pentateuch.
As early as the sixteenth century <bb>>Bb>bb>>.C., evidences of a Hebrew-Phoenician alphabet are found, from which a standardized script emerged about the tenth century <bb>>Bb>bb>>.C. This is the cursive script, used in Old Hebrew and for the original writing of the OT books.
Modern scholarship dates the <bb>>Samaritanb>bb>> Pentateuch at 128 or 122 <bb>>Bb>bb>>.C. and furthermore, the transition seems not to have preceded the Septuagint, though the Aramaic square letters were in use centuries before by the Jews in Egypt.

http://www.mazzaroth.com/ChapterThree/AncientWriting.htm (590 words)



Phoenician alphabet

Ancient Berber, Arabic, Divehi Akuru, Hebrew, Mandaic, Middle Persian, Nabataean, Parthian, Phoenician, Proto-Hebrew, Psalter, Sabaean, <bb>>Samaritanb>bb>>, South Arabian, Syriac, Tifinagh, Ugaritic
The Greek and Hebrew alphabets are thought to have developed from the Phoenician alphabet.
The names of the letter are the same as those used in Hebrew

http://www.omniglot.com/writing/phoenician.htm (218 words)



The <bb>>Samaritanb>bb>> Pentateuch

Simply, the <bb>>Samaritanb>bb>> Pentateuch (SamP) is a later recension of the Hebrew Torah text, less faithfully rendered than in the Masoretic Text (MT).
It has been suggested by a number of our Muslim brothers that the existence of the so-called <bb>>Samaritanb>bb>> Pentateuch (SamP), because it differs in places (regardless of what those differences may be) is proof that the Hebrew Masoretic Text is at very least, unreliable, and at worst, blatantly corrupted.
The <bb>>Samaritanb>bb>> text has been adapted to <bb>>Samaritanb>bb>> theology (for example the 'centering' of the 'holy place of God' from Jerusalem to Mt. Gerazim').

http://answering-islam.org.uk/Bible/samp.html (842 words)



Smith's Bible Dictionary (<bb>>Samaritanb>bb>> Pentateuch) - http://study.jcsm.org

<bb>>Samaritanb>bb>> Pentateuch: a recension of the commonly received Hebrew text of the Mosaic law, in use among the Samaritans, and written in the ancient Hebrew or so-called <bb>>Samaritanb>bb>> character.
That it came into the hands of the Samaritans as an inheritance from the ten tribes whom they succeeded.
Alterations made in favor of or on behalf of <bb>>Samaritanb>bb>> theology, hermeneutics and domestic worship.

http://www.jcsm.org/StudyCenter/smiths_bible_dictionary/Samaritan_Pentateuch.html (320 words)



THE ALPHABET A Key to the History of Mankind

Offshoots of Aramaic alphabet; classical Hebrew alphabet: origin; inscriptions and manuscripts; varieties of Hebrew alphabet; modern Hebrew alphabet; vowel marks; other diacritical marks; origin of punctuation marks and their employment; Yiddish and Judezmo.
Arabic alphabet: Arabic language and script; origin of Arabic alphabet; early development of Arabic alphabet; development of Arabic script: Kufic and Naskhi; modern Arabic alphabet; diacritical points; adaptation of the Arabic character to other languages.
The pseudo-hieroglyphic script of Byblos and the origin of the alphabet according to M. Dunand.

http://www.exoticindiaart.com/book/details/IDD824 (1157 words)



The Research of the <bb>>Samaritanb>bb>> Language and Literature Until the End of the 19th Century

Hebrew, as the idiom of the Pentateuch, both was and is for the Samaritans the sacred language; and even to-day some of them have a knowledge, although indeed a somewhat imperfect one, of it.
The most celebrated of the manuscripts of the <bb>>Samaritanb>bb>> Pentateuch is that in the synagogue at Nablus.
Some maintain the opinion that the Samaritans became acquainted with the Pentateuch through the Jews who were left in the country, or through the priest mentioned in IV Kings, xvii, 28.

http://www.mystae.com/reflections/messiah/life/samaritanlanguage.html (4041 words)



Jewish, Jewish, Everywhere, & not a drop to drink

But Hebrew is not purely the realm of Judaism; it is also the realm of Samaritans, Christians and Abrahamic religion as a whole, and also secular Canaanite languages studies.
Mustafaa says: The <bb>>Samaritanb>bb>> Bible is identical to the Jewish Hebrew bible, apart from a few passages dealing with Mt. Gerizim, and of course the pronunciation.
The Samaritans preserved their form of Hebrew as a native language even into the first centuries of the Common Era when the surrounding Western Aramaic had already been the region's lingua franca for centuries before.

http://simshalom.blogspot.com/2004_09_01_simshalom_archive.html (10503 words)



Sabaean alphabet

Ancient Berber, Arabic, Divehi Akuru, Hebrew, Mandaic, Middle Persian, Nabataean, Parthian, Phoenician, Proto-Hebrew, Psalter, Sabaean, <bb>>Samaritanb>bb>>, South Arabian, Syriac, Tifinagh, Ugaritic
The Sabaean alphabet, like Arabic and Hebrew, includes only consonants.
Unlike Arabic and Hebrew, Sabaean has no system for vowel indication

http://www.omniglot.com/writing/sabaean.htm (135 words)



AncientScripts.com: The Alphabet

In Israel, it became the "Jewish" alphabet, the direct descendant of which is the modern Hebrew alphabet.
The immediate offspring of Phoenician were the old Hebrew alphabet, and Aramaic, as well as Archaic Greek according to tradition (we'll explore Archaic Greek later).
This alphabet, though, eventually disappeared from the mainstream, and survived as the <bb>>Samaritanb>bb>> script.

http://www.ancientscripts.com/alphabet.html (1375 words)



ENGLISH ENCYCLOPAEDIA - Biblical Hebrew language

Its preserved descendants are the <bb>>Samaritanb>bb>> Hebrew language and the various Jewish dialects of Hebrew.
 <bb>>Samaritanb>bb>> Hebrew language (liturgical) • Mishnaic Hebrew language (Jews) &; Tiberian Hebrew language (liturgical) • Yemenite Hebrew language (liturgical) Sephardi Hebrew language (liturgical) Ashkenazi Hebrew language (liturgical) • Modern Hebrew language (State of Israel)
The Biblical Hebrew language is the ancient form of the Hebrew language as spoken by the Israelites, in which the Hebrew Bible was originally written.

http://encyclopaedic.net/english/bi/biblical_hebrew_language.html (1375 words)

Topic: <b>Samaritan</b> <b>Hebrew<

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